prevalence , causes and cure of fluorosis

2.  Present in
i) bones
ii) teeth.
 Daily requirement : less than 2 ppm per day.

3.  Essential for the
normal mineralization
of bones and the
formation of dental
enamel.
 Prevents development
of dental caries.
 Forms a protective layers
of acid resistant
fluorapatite.
 fluoride inhibits the
bacterial enzymes

4.  Dental fluorosis
 If fluoride intake > 2 ppm
 mottling of tooth enamel
 a developmental
disturbance of dental
enamel
 caused by excessive
exposure to high
concentrations of fluoride
 teeth become rough with
brown/yellow patches on
their surface
 Occurs at the age of 0-6
year only.

5.  Intake of fluorine > 20 ppm causes severe
skeletal disorders ( skeletal fluorosis).

6. Classification
1. Very Mild
2. Mild
Small opaque, paper white areas
covering less than 25% of the tooth
surface.
Opaque white areas covering less than
50% of the tooth surface
3. Moderate
4. Severe
All tooth surfaces affected; marked wear
on biting surfaces; brown stain may be
present
All tooth surfaces affected; discrete or
confluent pitting; brown stain present

8.  Controlled addition of a fluoride compound to a
public water supply
 Reasons : low fluoride content in water resulting into
increased cases of dental caries.
 Community water fluoridation is possible only
where a central public water supply system is
present.
 In India Water Fluoridation Is not Practiced.

10.  Fluoridated Toothpastes were first introduced
in U.S.
 To Fight against increasing cases of dental
caries.
 Approved by ADA
 Due to significant decrease in dental caries and
tooth decay after using fluoridated toothpastes.

11. In a research by Consumer Education and
Research Society (CERS)
It was found all fluoridated toothpastes to be
high in fluoride content.

12. FLUORIDECONC.(INPPM)
TOOTHPASTE BRANDS 

13.  Fluoride content in
water in India is
already around 1.2
mg/l
 More than this
much fluorine
intake can lead to
dental and skeletal
fluorosis .
WHY IS DENTAL FLUOROSIS SO COMMON IN
INDIA ?

14. CASE
STUDy
SOURCE : INTERNERT/IDA MAGAZINE

15. A CASE STUDY FROM PRIMARY
SCHOOLS OF RURAL AREAS OF
TAMIL NADU
 Children studying in six primary schools of six
villages were surveyed.
 Five hundred and twenty-five 5- to 12-year-old school
children were surveyed
 Every child was clinically examined at the school.

16.  Three out of six villages studied were in ‘borderline’
public health significance (CFI score 0.4-0.6).
CFI VALUE RANGE PUBLIC HEALTH
SIGNIFICANCE
0.00-0.04 Negative
0.04-0.06 Borderline
0.06-1.00 Slight
1.00-2.00 Medium
2.00-3.00 Marked
3.00-4.00 Very Marked

17.  High conc. Of fluorine Was Responsible For
Dental Fluorosis.

18.  Fluoride removal plants
 Reverse osmosis plants (RO Plants)
 Household and public system reverse osmosis
plants are common in the market.
 Example :
In Bhatinda (Punjab) Water is rich in Fluoride.
So, Various RO plants are fitted by govt. after
every few Kilometers.

20.  Know the fluoride concentration of
drinking water
 This information should help with
decisions about using other fluoride
products
 Fluoride tablets or drops should not be
used at all

21.  Indian brands of
toothpastes like
 meswak
 Dabur Babool
 Dabur red
 Promise
are Non-fluoridated.
 Especially, Children
below the age of 5-6,
should not use
fluoridated toothpastes.
 Supervision to reduce
the swallowing of
excess toothpaste by
children.

22.  In latest researches Indian researchers
has found that the leaves and stem of
Tulsi can detoxify water with high-
fluoride content.
 How does it act?
 It has natural bio-adsorbent
properties.
 leaves and stem serve as natural
magnet to adsorb the fluoride
molecules in water.
 The All one has to do is to take a
few leaves or stem pieces of Tulsi
and dip them in a glass of water for
20 minutes. Remove the leaves or
stem pieces and drink the water.