Homer's Iliad Part 3 Summary
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1. The document discusses Homer's epic poem The Iliad and provides context and summaries of key parts of the story. 2. It focuses on Part 3 which describes Achilles' wrath and withdrawal from battle after Agamemnon claims Achilles' war prize, leading to great losses for the Achaeans. 3. The summary highlights major events in Part 3 including the deaths of Patroclus and Hector at the hands of Achilles which turn the tide of the war.
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Homer's Iliad Part 3 Summary
- 1. Ang Iliad
- 2. Si Homer….
- 3. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer…. Si Homer….
- 4. Si Homer…. Kapanganakan: 1200 BC Lugar ng Kapanganakan: Ionia ( Eastern Mediterranean)
- 5. Si Homer…. Titulong Ibinigay sa kanya: The Poet The Ioanian Bard The Blind Poet
- 6. Si Homer…. Kilalang mga gawa: Iliad (passion and cruelty in war) Odyssey (great adventure)
- 7. Epiko….
- 8. Epiko…. Hango sa salitang Griyego na: epoc na nangangahulugang: “ tale”
- 9. Epiko…. ay uri ng panitikan na tumatalakay sa mga kabayanihan at pakikipagtunggali ng isang tao o mga tao laban sa mga kaaway na halos hindi mapaniwalaan dahil may mga tagpuang makababalaghan at di-kapani-paniwala. Kuwento ito ng ka bayanihan na punung-puno ng mga kagila-gilalas na mga pangyayari
- 11. Epiko….(Literary epics) 5. Generally performed ceremonially, written in an extraordinary style; 6. The hero fought his battle alone; 7. Tells how a nation/ race begun and 8. Validates the belief, ideals, or values of people.
- 12. Iliad
- 23. Thetis: isang water nymph, anak ni Nereus Peleus: isang mortal, anak ni Aeacus, Hari ng Aegina Thetis at Peleus ang mga magulang ni Achilles Wedding of Peleus and Thetis
- 24. ERIS: Goddess of Discord, diyosang hindi naimbitahan sa pagdiriwang Naghagis ng mansanas na may nakasulat na : Wedding of Peleus and Thetis Tēi Kallistēi
- 25. Priam = Hecuba __________________|___________________ SONS: DAUGHTERS Hektor (m. Andromache) Cassandra Paris (m. Helen) Polyxena Deiphobus Creusa Polydorus 47 other daughters 46 more sons
- 26. Assembling the Suitors Agamemnon Menelaus Odysseus Ajax Achilles – pinakamahirap hanapin
- 27. Agamemnon = Clytemnestra ______________|_____________ | | | Iphigeneia Electra Orestes Gaining a Strong Wind
- 28. This epic is not specifically about the Trojan War; it is about a PORTION of the Trojan War . -medias res - Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 29. TEMA Kleos – “glory earned in heroic battle or great deeds” Nostos – “homecoming” Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 31. TEMA The glory of war – “ To fight is to prove one’s honor and integrity, while to avoid warfare is to demonstrate laziness, ignoble fear, or misaligned priorities. “ Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 32. TEMA Moirae – “ fate/destiny“=only the Three Fates set the destiny of man Clotho (the spinner) Lachesis (the alloter) Atropos(cutter’Roman name : Morta) Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 33. TEMA Time: Respect and honor Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 34. Motif Baluti o “armor” Burol/Lamay Apoy Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 35. Simbolismo ACHAEAN SHIPS THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES Apoy Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD
- 44. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD ACHAEANS/GREEKS TROJANS Hera Aphrodite Athena Apollo Poseidon Ares Thetis Artemis Hephaestus Hermes
- 45. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD ACHAEANS/GREEKS TROJANS Agamemnon Priam Achilles Hector Odysseus Paris Menelaus Deiphobus Diomedes Aeneas Ajax(Aias) the Greater Antenor Ajax (Aias) the Lesser Dolon Patroclus Agenor Nestor Andromache Machaon(Physician) Hecuba Calchas Polydamas
- 46. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD ACHAEANS/GEEKS TROJANS Sinon Astyanax Polygamas Glaucus Pandarus Sarpedon Chryseis Briseis Chryses Cassandra
- 47. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD Capsule Summary 1. Plague. Anger of Achilles. 2. Agamemnon's dream. Trial of the Achaians. Catalogue of ships. 3. Swearing of oaths. "Viewing from the Walls." Combat of Alexander & Menelaus. 4. Breaking of the oaths. Agamemnon reviews his troops. 5. "Aristeia" of Diomedes. 6. Glaukos, Hektor and Andromache.
- 48. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD 7. Combat of Hektor and Aias. Burial of the dead. Building the wall. 8. The Trojans advance. Zeus stops the interference of Hera. 9. Embassy to Achilles. 10. Dolon episode. 11. "Aristeia" of Agamemnon. Achilles sends Patroklos to inquire. 12. Battle about the Wall.
- 49. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD 13. Fighting at the ships. 14. Beguilement of Zeus. Greeks advance. 15. Retreat to the ships. 16. "Aristeia" of Patroklos. 17. "Aristeia" of Menelaos. Fight over body of Patroklos. 18. Shield of Achilles.
- 50. Part 3: The Wrath of Achilles / ILIAD 19. Achilles' anger unleashed. 20. Battle of the gods. 21. Achilles fights the River. 22. Death of Hektor. 23. Funeral Games. 24. Ransom of Hektor.
- 51. Part 3: ILIAD Kabanata 1 - Ang Away Sa galit ni Apollo sa mga Griyego dahil sa pagtanggi ni Agamemnon na ibalik si Chryseis sa kanyang amang si Chryses(na pari) ay pinarusahan niya ang mga Griyego ng isang malubhang sakit. Ayon kay Calchas, kinakailangan maibalik ang bihag upang mawala ang “plague”. Pumayag si Agamemnon basta’t may kapalit siyang bihag. Si Briseis ang napili niya na isa ng bihag/kalaguyo ni Achilles. Ayon kay Achilles, kapag ito ay nangyari, hindi na siya lalaban pa sa tropang Griyego.
- 52. Part 3: ILIAD
- 53. ILIAD Kabanata 2 - Ang labanan Hinamon ni Menelaus si Paris sa isang duwelo para kay Helen. Sa kanilang laban ay lubusan nang matatalo si Paris , ngunit iniligtas siya ni Aphrodite.
- 54. ILIAD
- 55. ILIAD Kabanata 3 - Hector at Andromache Tuloy-tuloy ang panalo ng mga Trojans dahil na rin sa magaling at masigasig na pamumuno ni Hector. Nagkaroon ng pagkakataon ang mag-asawa (Hector at Andromache) na makapag-usap ng masinsinan. Sinubukang pigilan ni Andromache si Hector sa paglaban ngunit sinabi ni Hector na siya ay nakatakdang mamatay at si Andromache ay nakatakdang maging alipin.
- 56. ILIAD
- 57. ILIAD Kabanata 3 - Hector at Andromache Women seek to delay Hector Hecuba - wine Helen - seat in women’s quarters Andromache - for my sake, don’t go out and fight again. The scene of Hektor and Andromache at the Skaian Gate is one of most famous in literature.
- 59. ILIAD Kabanata 4 - Ang Night Adventure Sina Odysseus at Diomedes ay nagkaroon ng mahalagang misyon na alamin ang mga taktika ng kalaban at lubusang hikayatin pa ang mga Griyego na lumaban. Samantalang, si Dolon ay ipinadala naman ng Trojans upang maging tagamanman sa mga Griyego. Naunahan nina Odysseus at Diomedes si Dolon sa kanyang mga balak kung kaya’t siya ay nabihag, pilit na kinuhanan ng impormasyon at pinatay. Pinatay din nila ang isang haring Thracian na nakatakda sanang magbigay ng alyansa sa mga Trojans. .
- 60. ILIAD
- 61. ILIAD Kabanata 5 - Ang Kamatayan ng Patroclus Sa kabila ng pagkakasugat nina Agamemnon, Diomedes, at iba sa labanan at paghina ng tropang Griyego ay tumanggi pa rin si Achilles na lumaban. Pinadala niya ang kanyang pinsang si Patroclus upang humalili sa kanya. Ngunit siya ay napaslang ni Hector at kinuha pa ang kanyang baluti.
- 62. ILIAD
- 63. ILIAD Kabanata 6 - Ang Kamatayan ng Hector Lubos na ipinagluksa ni Achilles ang kamatayan ng Patroclus, at ito ang nagbunsod upang muli siyang sumama sa labanan. Hinarap/hinamon si Hector sa isang labanan. Nang mapaslang, itinali si Hector sa likod ng kanyang chariot at kinaladkad paikot sa Troy ng 3 beses bago tuluyang kinaladkad sa kanilang kampo.
- 64. ILIAD Hector at the Gates of Troy: Hector at the Gates of Troy …Achilles was coming closer, like Enyalius, the warrior god of battle with the shining helmet. On his right shoulder he waved his dreadful spear made of Pelian ash. The bronze around him glittered like a blazing fire or rising sun. At that moment, as he watched, Hector began to shake in fear. His courage gone, he could no longer stand there. Terrified, he started running, leaving the gate. Peleus' son went after him, sure of his speed on foot. Just as a mountain falcon, the fastest creature of all the ones which fly, swoops down easily on a trembling pigeon as it darts off in fear, the hawk speeding after it with piercing cries, heart driving it to seize the prey in just that way Achilles in his fury raced ahead
- 65. ILIAD Hector faces Achilles: Hector faces Achilles When they'd approached each other, at close quarters, great Hector of the shining helmet spoke out first:"I'll no longer try to run away from you, son of Peleus, as I did before, going three times in flight around Priam's great city. I lacked the courage then to fight with you, as you attacked. But my heart prompts me now to stand against you face to face once more, whether I kill you, or you kill me. So come here. Let's call on gods to witness, for they're the best ones to observe our pact, to supervise what we two agree on. If Zeus grants me the strength to take your life, I'll not abuse your corpse in any way. I'll strip your celebrated armour off, Achilles, then give the body back again to the Achaeans. And you'll do the same."
- 66. ILIAD Swift-footed Achilles, with a scowl, replied: "Hector, don't talk to me of our agreements. That's idiotic, like a faithful promise between men and lions. Wolves and lambs don't share a common heart they always sense a mutual hatred for each other. In just that way, it's not possible for us, for you and me, to be friends, or, indeed, for there to be sworn oaths between us, till one or other of us falls, glutting Ares, warrior with the bull's hide shield, on blood. You'd best remember all your fighting skills. Now you must declare yourself a spearman, a fearless warrior. You've got no escape. Soon Pallas Athena will destroy you on my spear. Right now you'll pay me back, the full price of those sorrows I went through when you slaughtered my companions.” With these words, he hefted his long-shadowed spear, then hurled it.
- 67. ILIAD
- 68. ILIAD Kabanata 7 - Funeral Games Nagkaroon ng iba’t ibang paligsahan sa burol ni Patroclus. Ngunit, sa kabila nito ay patuloy pa rin ang pagluluksa ni Achilles sa pagkamatay ni Patroclus..
- 69. ILIAD Kabanata 8 - Ang Ransom/Pagtubos Pumunta si Haring Priam sa kampo ng mga Griyego upang hingin ang katawan ni Hector kay Achilles. Nabagbag ang damdamin ni Achilles ng banggitin ni Priam ang kanyang amang si Peleus. Iibinigay ni Achilles ang katawan ni Hector at nabigyan si Hector ng isang matinong libing.
- 70. ILIAD
- 71. ILIAD: Pagtutuwid sa pelikula 1. Hindi binanggit ang JUDGEMENT OF PARIS 2. Hindi binanggit sa Iliad ang Thessaly, si Haring Triopas at si Boagrius. 3. Hindi rin nabigyang pansin ang OATH OF TYNDAREUS. 4. Natagpuan ni Odysseus si Achilles kasama si Patroclus: si Achilles ay nasa Scyros. 5. Si Briseis ay pinagsama-samang karakter nina Briseis, Chriseis, Cassandra at Polyxena.
- 72. ILIAD: Pagtutuwid sa pelikula 6. Sa Iliad, hindi napatay ni Hector si Menelaus. 7. “under a cloud of darkness”-ito dapat ang nangyari sa laban nina Menelaus at Paris. 8. Hindi namatay si Agamemnon sa Iliad. Hindi rin si Briseis ang pumatay sa kanya. Si Clytemnestra, ang kanyang asawa, ang pumatay sa kanya. 9. Si Patroklus ay lumaban nang nakasakay sa chariot ni Achilles.
- 73. ILIAD: Pagtutuwid sa pelikula 10. Alam ni Achilles ang paglaban ni Patroclus. 11. Hindi ibingay ng Trojans basta-basta ang katawan ni Patroclus. 12. Si Patroclus ay “tentmate” ni Achilles-hindi pinsan.Ayon sa mga Griyego, ang tentmate ay isang matalik na kaibigan, mista o maaarin rin daw “lover”. 13. Mas matanda si Patroclus kay Achilles. 14. Hinsi pa tapos ang funereal pyre ni Patroclus nang namatay si Hector. 15. Indi talaga agad hinarap ni Hector si Achilles sa kaniang dwelo.Ganundin, baluti ni Achilles ang suot ni Hector sa kanilang laban.
- 74. ILIAD: Pagtutuwid sa pelikula 16. Ang Trojan Horse ay hindi para kay Poseidon –ito ay para kay Athena. 17. Hindi napatay ni Hector si Ajax. 18. Mas nauna pang namatay si Achilles kay Ajax. 19. Si Sinon ay hindi ipinakita gayundi si Laocoon ( beware of Greeks bearing gifts) 20. Si Priam ay hindi pinatay ni Agamemnon – si Neoptolemus(anak ni Achilles) ang pumatay sa kanya. 21. Hindi rin nakatakas si Andromache. Siya ay nahuli. Pinatay din si Astynax. 22. Kilala ni Paris si Aeneas.
- 75. ILIAD: Pagtutuwid sa pelikula 23. Walang nabanggit na “Sword of Troy” sa Iliad. 24. Si Cassandra ang nagbanngit kay Priam na huwag tanggapin ang Trojan Horse.
- 76. Rand McNally, Atlas of World History, pp. 22
- 77. The Trojan plain In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 41
- 78. Hisarlik In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 93
- 79. Reconstruction of Troy VI - 13 th century In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
- 80. Troy VI from the North In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204
- 81. The walls of Troy VI In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
- 82. The walls of Troy Finding the Walls of Troy, p 229
- 83. The walls of Troy Finding the Walls of Troy, p 230
- 84. Treasure of Priam In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
- 85. Sophie Schliemann Wearing the Jewels of Helen In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59
- 86. Mycenae from the East In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 66
- 87. Golden Mycenae In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 189-90
- 88. Ruins at Mycenae
- 89. Ruins at Mycenae
- 90. Lion Gate at Mycenae (E. Dodwell) In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74
- 91. Mycenae and the Plain of Argos National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 66
- 92. Lion Gate at Mycenae In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 75
- 93. National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 64
- 94. National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 65
- 95. Mt Olympus
- 96. Mt Olympus
- 97. Early Classical Doric temple of Zeus at Olympia Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 336
- 98. Temple of Hera at Olympia Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 340
- 99. Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 349
- 100. Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Editor's Notes
- Chapter 2: Leda had 2 sets of twins, one set fathered by Tyndareus and one fathered by Zeus: Helen and Polydeuces Clytemnestra and Castor Leda gave birth to two eggs from which these four children were hatched. As they grew up, Helen became the most beautiful woman in the entire world, and many many suitors came to seek her hand in marriage. Tyndareus was scared of offending any of these great warriors, for fear that they would turn on him and Helen (and her husband) after she was married. ODYSSEUS helped Tyndareus, and in exchanged asked to marry Penelope, Tyndareus’ niece. Odysseus sugested that the suitors swear a pact to: 1. honor Helen’s choice of husband 2. keep Helen’s marriage intact; if anyone should steal her, all of the other suitors would come to help get her back. ~ this pact is CRUCIAL to the Iliad . Helen marries Menelaus, and he becomes king of Sparta. Helen and Menelaus eventually have a daughter, Hermione.
- The Trojan princes argued over what they should do. Priam's son Hector said war was inevitable. Antenor thought Hector just wanted revenge against the Greeks. Aeneas thought Troy would win because a prophecy foretold success for him. Priam said there was no choice. Cassandra, Priam's daughter, was a priestess of Apollo with a gift of prophecy. She was cursed by Apollo so that no one would ever believe what she said. She predicted that Hector would die and Troy would burn. The Greeks Laodamia and Protesilaus were married. Protesilaus joined the war against Troy but left a sculpture of himself to keep his wife company. One night she dreamed that she was with him as they approached Troy. He was the "foremost man" to leap from his ship onto the shore, and was killed. Laodamia knew this was a vision of the future. She prayed to Zeus, and he granted her three hours with her husband before he died, by making the statue come to life. Then Laodamia herself died. Chapter 3 - The Host Musters Agamemnon walked through his forces on the shore of Troy. He argued with Achilles and accused Achilles of holding back a prisoner. Achilles said he had captured the boy, Priam's son Lykaon, the night before behind Troy. The gods too watched the war. The battle began. Achilles fought with Cycnus, the son of Poseidon. No weapon could pierce him. However, Achilles strangled Cycnus by the straps of his helmet Chapter 4 - Troilus and Cressida Cressida was the daughter of Calchas, the Trojan prophet who joined the Greeks. He left his daughter behind with her uncle Pandarus. Troilus, a prince of Troy, fell in love with her and gave her his shield. The Greeks exchanged a captive for Cressida and though she swore to return to Troilus, she gave the shield to the Greek hero Diomede instead. Chapter 5 - The Time of Discouragement After many years, the war was still not over. Palamedes seized power over the Greeks while Agamemnon was away. Odysseus told Agamemnon he would spread a rumor and plant evidence that Palamedes had sold out to the Trojans, and Agamemnon agreed to the plan.
- Wedding of Peleus and Thetis There was a prophecy that the son of Thetis would be greater than his father None of the immortals, therefore, wanted to father Thetis’ son since they didn’t want their child to be better than them Insead they arranged for Thetis to marry a mortal, Peleus, but he needed help as she initially refused him With the help of Poseidon, Peleus was able to get Thetis to marry him (but only after she rapidly changed shapes of animals over and over) Will take place on Mt. Pelion and all the gods and goddesses were there EXCEPT ONE!
- All the gods and goddesses were feasting the marriage of Peleus and Thetis except for one: Eris (Who would invite “discord” to a wedding?) Eris was furious to be left off the list, so she had a golden apple made that was inscribed “to the fairest” She then threw the apple into the middle of the party Aphrodite stepped up to claim it As did Athena As did Hera The three goddesses were squabbling amongst themselves at the party until one of them turned to Zeus to ask him who should get it. Zeus (no fool) quickly stated that he couldn’t decide between the 3 beautiful goddesses, but he would find someone who could: PARIS The three went to Mt. Ida Hera offered political power Athena offered military strategy and wisdom Aphrodite offered Helen
- Aphrodite : daughter of ZEUS and Dione; favors the Trojans.; She protected Helen, to whom she gave great beauty, and, in book three, she rescues Paris from Menelaos, and brings him to Helen. Apollo: son of ZEUS and Leto; favors the Trojans. In the opening scene of the Iliad,he sends a plague upon the Achaians because Agamemnon has dishonored his priest, Chryses. Later, he helps Hektor in the killing of Patroklos, and,in the final book, his complaint about the treatment of Hektor’s corpse leads the gods to arrange the ransom of the body by Priam. Poseidon [Neptune]: - son of Cronus; king of the sea; favors the Greeks. Though a supporter of the Greeks, he intervenes in book twenty (20.288-339) to save the Trojan hero, Aineias, lest he be killed by Achilleus against destiny.
- Glaucus nearly fights a duel with Diomedes. The men's exchange of armor after they realize that their families are friends illustrates the value that ancients placed on kinship and camaraderie; Son of Hippolochus and grandson of Bellerophon; comrade and squire of Sarpedon. Pandarus - a Trojan archer. Son of Lycaon; chief of Telea, near Mount Ida. Pandarus's shot at Menelaus in Book 4 breaks the temporary truce between the two sides.
- An aristeia or aristia ( Ancient Greek : ἀριστεία, IPA: [aristěːa] , "excellence" ; English: /ærɨˈstiː.ə/ ) is a scene in the dramatic conventions of such works as the Iliad in which a hero in battle has his finest moments ( aristos = best). It is usually associated with men but can be expanded also to encompass women (as in the case of Andromache ). In the latter case the aristeia is of a different sort, grief. Such is the high quality of the hero's offensive, an Aristeia scene usually results in the death of all those standing in his way. The elements of the scene and the order in which they appear in the "Iliad" are: Arming scene Brilliance of armor /hero Exhortation to followers Initial exploit Setback (wounding) Divine inspiration Renewed exploits Double simile The kill Taunting the victim