Data process And Processing of Data

1. DATA
PROCESS
• Introduction
• Processing of Data
• Checking
• Editing
• Coding
• Transcription

2. DATA
Data can come in the form of text, observations, figures, images, numbers, graphs,
or symbols.
Noun
facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis:
Sources of Data

3. MEANING OF DATA
PROCESSING
Data processing in research is the collection and translation of a
data set into valuable, usable information.
Data Processing refer to the activities of converting of raw data
into meaningful information. Various activities such as Checking ☑,
Editing, Coding, Computer of the scores, Preparation of Master
Charts 📊 , etc.

4. Processing data
Classification
according
attributes
Classification
Editing
Classification
according
Class-internal
Tabulation
Simpal
Tabulation
Complex
Tabulation
Checking Coding

5. 1.CHECKING OF DATA
Checking of data is the Process of Determining whether
information gathered during the process of data collection is complete
& accurate. It uses routines, often called “validation rule”, Vaildation
constraints or “check Routines” .
Area supervisor needs to check the Data collection forms @ the end of
each day & immediately seek any clarifications with the data
collectors.
Once all the data has been double entered, & any error corrected, the
workbook needs to be carefully checked.

6. 2. EDITING DATA
Data editing is the activity aimed at defecting & correcting errors (logical
inconsistencies) in data. Editing techniques refers to a range of procedures &
processes used for detecting & handling errors in data . Editing also needs that data
are relevant & appropriate & errors are modified.
Data editing concerned with removal of errors, filling of missing data
completeness of data substance and reliability of data.
Sometimes fields remain black due to human errors aslo this Requires to be
corrected. It aslo corrects the entries present at wrong positions.

7. TYPES OF EDITING
Editing types refer to the actual natural of edits applied to data during input or
output processing. These include:
1. Validation edits
2. Logical edits
3. Consistency edits
4. Range edits
5. Variance edits
6. Micro editing & macro editing

8. Coding is translating answers into numerical values or assigning numbers to the various categories of a
variable to be used in data analysis. Coding is done by using code book. Code sheet & a computer card coding is done
on the basis of the instructions given in the coding. The code book gives a numerical code for each variable.
Time Of Coding
1. When testing a hypothesis
2. When generating a theory
Levels of Coding
1. Open
2. Axial
3. Selective

9. Data Transcription is an integral process in the qualitative analysis of
language data & is widely employed in basic and applied research across a number
of disciplines and professional process have received scant attention in the
research literature.
Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing
the meaning of a source language text in a traget language or with transcription
which means representing a text from one script in another.
Function of Data Transcription
1. Data entry
2. Multiple
3. Transcriptionists

10. DATA CLASSIFICATION
Classification of data is data is the process of dividing the data into different
groups or class which are homgeneous within but heterogeneous between
themselves. This is the process of arranging data into homogenous group or class
according to some common characteristics.
There are four types of distribution:
1. Frequency Distribution
2. Precentage Distribution
3. Cumulative Distribution
4. Statistical Distribution