2. Simply means that, Information gathered during data collection may be
incomplete, contain errors and lack uniformity.
Example : Data collected through questionnaire and schedules may have many
errors and inconsistencies such as,
Some answers may not be ticked at proper places
some questions may be left unanswered
some questions may be wrongly answered and some answers may be
logically inconsistent
EDITING OF DATA
Data editing is defined as the process involving the review and adjustment of
collected survey data.
3. Data editing is defined as the process involving the review and adjustment of collected data
It is the process of examining the collected survey data to remove remove errors and
inconsistencies.
The purpose of editing is to remove errors and to improve th quality of the collected data
Editing ....continuing
4. Coding is a solution to the data entry issue of research.
It is the process of converting qualitatitve data into quatitative data
coding is translatinng responce choices of a questionaire into numerical values
In coding numbers are assigned to the qualitative attributes of vriables to facilitate data
entry and analysis.
Coding allow the researchers to reduce large quantities of information into an easy handled
form
Example : Attributes of the variable 'Gender' may be codes as '1'for male, '2' for Female & '3'
for Transgender
CODING
Data coding is the process of driving codes from the observed data. In qualitative research the
data is either obtained from observations, interviews or from questionnaires. The purpose of
data coding is to bring out the essence and meaning of the data that respondents have
provided.
5. PRE - CODING : It is the process of assigning codes before going into the field
Coding is done at the time of construction of questionnaire or after it is constructed but
before going into the field for survey
POST- CODING : it is the process of assigning codes after data collection
Here the coding is done after completing the data collection process of the survey
Qualitative data can be converted into quatitative data
Large quantities of information can be reduced into easy handled form (Helpfull for
summarisation)
it helps for computer data entry of the collected data.
It facilitates analysis of data with the help of statistical software
TYPES OF CODING
BENEFITS OF CODING DATA
6. Cleaning of data
Data cleaning, data cleansing, or data scrubbing is the process of improving the
quality of data by correcting inaccurate records from a record set. The term
specifically refers to detecting and modifying, replacing, or deleting incomplete,
incorrect, improperly formatted, duplicated, or irrelevant records, otherwise
referred to as “dirty data,” within a database. Data cleaning also includes
removing duplicated data within a database.
Data provided for communication research often rely on manual data entry,
performed by humans, and therefore are subject to error introduction. Because
of this manual process, the data require cleaning. The need for such cleaning
increases when data come from multiple sources and a standard schema was
not used across sources. The goal of data cleaning is to provide a data ...
7. Removal of Unwanted observations :
Duplicate Observations :
Irrelevant Observations :
Fix Data Structure :
Handle Missing Data :
Improved Decision Making
Revenue Booster
increase productivity
Boost reputation
Data Cleaning Steps
Understanding the what and why behind data cleaning is one, going ahead to implement it is another.
Therefore, this section will be covering the steps involved in data cleaning, and further explanations on how
each of these steps is carried out.
Advantages of Data Cleaning
8. CONCLUSION
Cleaning, coding and editing of data is the different kind of methods that is used to
evalute the datas which is collected by different kind of methods
