Sulpahte resisting concrete ppt

1. .
.

2. Sulphate Resistance Of Terinary Blended Fiber
Reinforced concrete
TEAM MEMBERS
M.SANTHOSH (13831A0166)
S.NIVEDITHA (13831A0197)
S.MAHENDER (14835A0116)
T.CHANTI ( 14835A0119)
GUIDE: Mr.VENKATESH WADKI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

3. ABSTRACT
 Higher concentration of sulphate in ground waters are generally due to the presence of
magnesium and alkali sulphates. Sea water contains sodium, magnesium and calcium sulphate in
the dissolved form. sulphate attack is a common occurrence in soil and sea water environments.
Micro silica is used to improve the durability and strength characteristics of concrete.
 In this Project laboratory tests have been conducted to study durability and strength
properties of concrete which contains ternary blends of Portland cement,silica fume,fly ash and
recron fibers.After casting the cubes ,half of the cubes are have to be tested by without
immersing in magnesium sulphate solution .and remaining half are tested after immersing in
magnesium sulphate solution.

4. OBJECTIVE
 To Know the effect of replacement of cement with FLYASH AND MICROSILICA for
SULPHATE RESISTANCE
 To study the effect of replacement of Sand with STONE DUST for SULPHATE
RESISTANCE
 To evaluate Tensile strength of sulphate attacked concrete by adding Recron
PolyPropylene Fiber
 To evaluate the compressive strength of high grade concrete by exposing it to
magnesium sulphate environment for 8 weeks
 To study and evaluate the weight loss of concrete that contains terinary blends of
Portland cement,microsilica and flyash and Recron fiber by immersing in magnesium
sulphate solution about 8 weeks
 To evaluate the change in dimension of concrete by exposing it magnesium sulphate
solution environment about 8 weeks

5. CONSTITUENTS OF PROJECT
 CEMENT
 FLYASH
 MICROSILICA
 SAND
 STONE DUST
 COARSE AGGREGATE
 RECRON POLYPROPYLENE FIBER

6. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT
 Concrete’s versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy have made it
the world’s most widely used construction material. The term concrete
refers to a mixture of aggregates, usually sand, and either gravel or
crushed stone, held together by a binder of cementitious paste. The paste
is typically made up of portland cement and water and may also contain
supplementary cementing materials (SCMs), such as fly ash ,micro silica ,
slag cement, and chemical admixtures etc Understanding the
fundamentals of concrete is necessary to produce quality concrete. This
publication covers the materials used in concrete and the essentials
required to design and control concrete mixtures for a wide variety of
structures.

7. .
 Concrete is most used construction material because of
ease of construction and its properties like compressive
strength and durability.
 It is difficult to point out another material of construction
which is versatile as concrete.it is well known that plain
concrete is not good to sulphate resistance
 Most of the soils contain some sulphate in the form of
calcium,sodium,potassium and magnesium.higher
concentration of sulphate in ground water are generally due
to the presence of magnesium and alkali sulphates.
 Sea water contains the sodium ,magnesium and calcium

8. .
 Several admixtures have been developed to improve the strength and workability
properties of concrete.
 of all admixtures used in concrete micro silica occupies a special position for a
quite reasons as follows:
The improvement in durability resistance to chloride,sulphate,freezing
and thawing ,alkali aggregate reaction ,frost attack ,increase in compressive
strength, reduces the permeability and bleeding.
Micro silica effectively improve the structure of interface eliminate the
weakness of the interfacial zone.In the past, attempt has been made to improve
sulphate resistance of concrete.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Effect of replacement of Cement by Micro silica – in Sulphate resistance of concrete (WPFRC)
Concrete – An experimental investigation-by Prahallada M. C1, Prakash K.B2.
Conclusion: The maximum replacement of microsilica is of 10% for M30 grade
Concrete
 Experimental -Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica Fume) and Fly Ash
as Partial Cement Replacement of sulphate resistance Concrete –by-Magudeaswaran P1,
Eswaramoorthi P2.
Conclusion : Due to use of the micro silica in a OPC concrete the life of that
Concrete is increase 4-5 times than the OPC concrete

10. .
 Dikeon JT, "Fly Ash Increases Resistance of Concrete to Sulphate Attack", United States
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation.
Conclusion: Reduced expansion of concretes containing 30% fly ash and
improved sulphate resistance afforded by fly ash use.
 Dunstan ER, "A Spec Odyssey – Sulphate Resistant Concrete for the 80's", United States
Department of the Interior, Water and Power Resources Service, March, 1980.
Conclusion :Flyash reduces the susceptibility of concrete to attack by
Magnesium sulphate by removal of Ca(OH)2.

11.  Franklin eric kujur, Vikas Srivastava, V.C. Agarwal, Denis and Ahsan Ali (2014)
“Stone dust as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete”
Conclusion :Optimum replacement level of natural river sand with stone dust is
60%. However , strength of concrete made using stone dust is higher at every
replacement level than the referral concrete.
 Suribabu, U.Rangaraju, M. Ravindra Krishna (2015) "Behaviour of Concrete on
Replacement of Sand with Quaries Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate
Conclusion: Concrete acquires maximum increase in compressive strength at 60%
sand replacement. The percentage of increase in strength with respect to control
concrete is 24.04 & 6.10 in M30 and M35 respectively

12.  ACI Committee 544, State-of-The-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ACI
544 1.R-96
Conclusion: The compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength
and modulus of elasticity increase with the addition of fiber content as compared
with conventional concrete.
 Peng Zhang and Qingfu Li (2013) ‘Fracture Properties of Polypropylene Fiber
Reinforced Concrete Containing Fly Ash and Silica Fume
Conclusion: The durability of concrete improves and addition of
polypropylene fibers greatly improves the fracture parameters of concrete

14. METHODOLOGY
 Putting full stop to the conventional concerte by using different supplementary cementitious
maerials like fly ash and microsilica and also with addition of fiber which helps in resisting
sulphate attack on concrete
 Total 36 cubes(150*150*150 mm) of M30 and M35 are made and compressive strength is
measured for 18 cubes at different ages of 3,7,28 days.
 Remaining 18 cubes are immersed in the 5% concentration of Magnesium Sulphate solution
and calculate the weights , compressive strength and change in dimension of cubes
 And 21 rectangular prisms are made of dimension (50*10*10cm) and 3 prisms are tested
against tensile strength at the age of 28 days of curing and remaining 18 are immersed in the
5%magnesium sulphate solution and evaluate the weight loss,change in dimension and tensile
strength at age of 15 ,30, 60 days

15. APPLICATIONS
 FOUNDATIONS,PILES
 BASEMENTS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
 SEWAGE AND WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
 CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
 COASTAL WORKS
 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING ALONG THE
COASTAL AREA WITHIN 50KM FROM SEA

16. ,
CONCRETE AFTER SULPHATE ATTACK
The performance of a concrete specimen is determined by one or more of the
following properties:
 expansion,
 mass loss or spalling, and
 the loss of compressive and flexural strength with time. The degradation
indicators of failure would be that one or more of the above

17. . DURING SULPHATE ATTACK
The timeline of the concrete degradation due to sulfate attack could be
summarized in the following manner:•
 Penetration of the sulfate ions into the specimen,
 either by absorption or by diffusion,
 depending on the saturation level of the specimen.
• Sulphate ions react with the cement hydration products to form gypsum and
ettringite, or, in general, to modify the structure of C-S-H. This reaction leads to
the destruction of the hydration products that constitute the backbone of the
cement paste, which forms the matrix of the concrete.

18. REACTIONS OCCURRED DURING
SULPHATE ATTACK IN CONCRETE
 Sulphate reacts with Calcium hyroxide and forms C3A and forms ETTRIGNITE and
GYPSUM
Ca(OH)2 + MgSO4 - CaSo4+Mg(OH)2
C3AH13 + 3CS- --C3A.3CS-3H+CH
 ETTRIGNITE occupies more volume lead in to disruption of concrete
 Magnesium sulphate reacts with ca(OH)2 forming CaSO4 &Mg(OH)2.
 CaSO4 Leads to FORMATION OF Ettringite C-S-H is unstable in Mg(OH)2 ,C-S-H
decomposes and Mg-S-H formed has no binding property
 White crystals of gypsum and cracking, spalling of concrete

19. MIX DESIGNS OF CONCRETE
 WATER: CEMENT: FINE AGGREGATE: COARSE AGGREGATE
M30=0.439: 1 : 1.13 :2.63
M35=0.38: 1 :1.03 :1.84

20. STUDY ON FOLLOWING CONCRETES
 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE
CEMENT SAND COARSE AGGREGATE
20mmpassing,12.5 retained(60%)
12.5mmpassing,10 retained(40%)
 CONCRETE WITH REPLACEMENT
CEMENT SAND Coarse Aggregate
FLYASH=30% STONE DUST=60% 20mmpassing,12.5 retained(60%)
MICRO SILICA=10% 12.5mmpassing,10 retained(40%)

21. CONCRETE WITH REPLACEMENT BY ADDITION
OF FIBERS
 CEMENT
MICRO SILICA=10%
FLYASH =30%
 FINE AGGREGATE
STONE DUST =60%
 COARSE AGGREGATE POLYPROPYLENE FIBER
20mm passing,12.5 retained =60% 1M3 =900gr
12.5mm passing,10mm retained =40%

30. RESULTS OF MATERIALS TESTING
 CEMENT
Specific gravity=2.9
Normal consistency=28%
Initial setting time =30 min
Final setting time=600 min
 FLYASH
specific gravity =2.5
 MICRO SILICA
specific gravity =2.2
 SAND
specific gravity =2.6
 COARSE AGGREGATE
Specific gravity =2.7
crushing value of aggregate=30%

31. S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal Consistency 27.5%
2 Initial Setting Time 50 min 30 min
3 Final Setting Time 250 min 600 min
4 Specific Gravity 2.95 3.15
5 Soundness(Le-Chateliers
method)
3mm 10 mm Maximum
S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal Consistency 27.5%
2 Initial Setting Time 50 min 30 min
3 Final Setting Time 250 min 600 min
4 Specific Gravity 2.95 3.15
5 Soundness(Le-Chateliers
method)
3mm 10 mm Maximum
TEST RESULTS ON CEMENT:S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal Consistency 27.5%
2 Initial Setting Time 50 min 30 min
3 Final Setting Time 250 min 600 min
4 Specific Gravity 2.95 3.15
5 Soundness(Le-Chateliers
method)
3mm 10 mm Maximum
S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal Consistency 27.5%
2 Initial Setting Time 50 min 30 min
3 Final Setting Time 250 min 600 min
4 Specific Gravity 2.95 3.15
5 Soundness(Le-Chateliers method) 3mm 10 mm Maximum
TEST RESULTS ON CEMENT:

32. S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal consistency 31.5% 50%
2 Specific gravity 1.95 1.9-2.8
3 Fineness 6.5%
TEST RESULTS OF FLYASH
.

33. TEST RESULTS OF MICRO SILICA
S.NO PROPERTY TEST RESULTS IS STANDARDS
1 Normal consistency 30.5% 32%
2 Specific gravity 2.2 2.2-2.3
3 Fineness 5.5

34. S.no Property Result
1 Crushing Strength 28%
2 Elongation Index 16%
3 Flakiness Index 18.01%
4 Impact Test 30%
6 Specific gravity 2.7

35. S.no Property Results
1 Sieve Analysis Zone III
2 Bulking of Sand by Volume Method 33.3%
3 Specific gravity 2.53
4 Bulk Density 1613 kg/m3
TEST RESULTS ON RIVER SAND

36. S.no Property Results
1 Sieve Analysis Zone III
2 Bulking of Sand by Volume
Method
33.3%
3 Specific gravity 2.53
4 Bulk Density 1613 kg/m3
TEST RESULTS OF STONE DUST

37. M30
(0.43:1:13:2.63)
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
3 Days 7 Days 28 Days
Normal 15.12 26.46 37.8
Replacement of cement
and sand
16.32 27.74 40.8
Replacement of cement
and sand and addition of
fiber
17.77 31.1 44.44
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF M30 GRADE BEFORE IMMERSING IN
MgSO4 SOLUTION

38. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
normal replacement of
cement and sand
replacement of
cement sand and
fiber
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(N/mm2)
DAYS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS M30 CONCRETE
MIXES BEFORE IMMERSING IN MgSO4 SOLUTION
3 days
7 days
28 days

39. M35
(0.38:1:1.03:1.84)
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
3 Days 7 Days 28 Days
Normal 19.45 29.4 43.24
Replacement of cement
and sand
20.99 30.82 46.66
Replacement of cement
and sand and addition of
fiber
22.85 34.55 50.82
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF M35 CUBES BEFORE
IMMERSION IN MgSO4

40. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
NORMAL REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT AND SAND
REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT,SAND AND
ADDITION OF FIBER
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(N/mm2)
DAYS
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS M35 CONCRETE MIXES
BEFORE IMMERSING IN MgSO4 SOLUTION
3 days
7 days
28 days

41. Grade of
concrete
Type Tensile strength
at 28 days
(N/mm2)
M30
Normal 4.15
Replacement of
cement and sand
4.7
Replacement of
cement& sand and
addition of Fiber
5.75
Tensile Strength Of Various Mixes Of M30 Rectangular
Prisms Before immersion in MgSO4 Solution

42. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NORMAL REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT AND
SAND
REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT,SAND
AND ADDITION
OF FIBER
TENSILESTRENGTH(N/mm2)
DAYS
TENSILE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS M30 CONCRETE MIXES
NORMAL
REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT
AND SAND

43. M30
(0.43:1:13:2.63)
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
30Days 45Days 60 Days
Normal 37.8 36.5 36
Replacement of
cement and sand
40.8 40 39.8
Replacement of
cement and sand
and addition of
fiber
44.4 44.4 44.3
Compressive strength of M30 various mixes after
immersion in MgSO4Solution:

44. 36.5 36 36
40 39.8 39.8
44.4 44.3 44.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
30 days 45 days 60 days
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(N/mm2)
DAYS
VARIATION IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF M30
CUBES AFTER IMMERSION IN MGSO4 SOLUTION
normal
replacement of cement and sand
replacement of cement sand and
fiber

45. Variation of Compressive strength of M30
concrete cubes in terms of percentages after
immersion in MgSO4 Solution
Grade of
Concrete
Type of
Concrete
Compressive Strength in %
30 days 45 days 60 days
M30
Normal -3.4% -4.7% -4.7%
Replacement of
cement and
sand
-1.96% -2.4% -2.4%
Replacement of
cement, sand
and addition of
fiber
0% -0.22% -0.22%

46. -3.4
-0.08 -4.7
-1.96
-2.4
-2.4
0
-0.22
-0.22
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
30 days 45days 60 days
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHin%
DAYS
Variation interms of percentages of compressive
strength of Various mixes of M30 after immersing in
MgSO4 Solution
Normal
Replacement of cement and
sand
Replacement of cement,sand
and addition of fiber

47. Grade of
Concrete
Type of
Concrete
Compressive strength in %
30 days 45 days 60 days
M35
Normal -0.09% -4.7% -4.7%
Replacement of cement
and sand
-1.4% -2.4% -2.4%
Replacement of
cement, sand and
addition of fiber
0% -0.1% -0.1%
Variation in compressive strength of M35 cubes of
various mixes in terms of percentages:

48. -0.9
-0.08 -4.7
-1.4
-2.4
-2.4
0
-0.1
-0.22
-5
-4.5
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
30 days 45days 60 days
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHin%
DAYS
Variation interms of percentages of compressive
strength of Various mixes of M35 after immersion in
MgSO4 solution
Normal
Replacement of cement and sand
Replacement of cement,sand and addition of fiber

49. 4.15 4.1 4
4.7 4.7 4.69
5.75 5.75 5.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
30 days 45 days 60 dayd
COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH(N/mm2)
DAYS
VARIATION IN TENSILE STRENGTH OF M3O
AFTER IMMERSION IN MGSO4 SOLUTION
normal
replacement of cement and
sand
replacement of cement sand
and fiber

50. -1.2
-0.08 -3.6
0
-0.21
-0.21
0
-0.1
-0.17
-4
-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
30 days 45days 60 days
Tensilestrengthin%
DAYS
VARIATION INTERMS OF PERCENTAGES OF
TENSILE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS MIXES OF
M30
Normal
Replacement of cement and
sand
Replacement of cement,sand
and addition of fiber

51. 0
-0.08
-1.3
-0.12
-0.6
-0.8
0 0
-0.35
-1.4
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
30 days 45days 60 days
WEIGHTSin%
DAYS
Change in Weights in Percentage of M30 cubes after immersion in MgSO4
Solution
Normal
Replacement of cement and sand
Replacement of cement,sand and addition of fiber

52. -0.1
-0.08
-1.1
-0.25
-0.5
-0.75
0
-0.25
-0.35
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
30 days 45days 60 days
WEIGHTSin%
DAYS
Change in Weights in percentage of M35 CUBES
Normal
Replacement of cement and sand
Replacement of cement,sand and addition of fiber

53. 0
-0.08
-0.33
-0.083
-0.083
-0.24
0
-0.08
-0.16
-0.35
-0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
30 days 45days 60 days
WEIGHTin%
DAYS
Change in Weights in Percentage of M30 Rectangular
Prisms after immersion in MgSO4 solution
Normal
Replacement of cement and sand
Replacement of cement,sand and
addition of fiber

54. conclusion
STRENGTH PROPERTIES:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:
BEFORE IMMERSION:
For both the grades of concrete (M30&M35) Compressive Strength increases from
Normal,to Replacement Of Cement and Sand as 7.9%&7.9% respectively and for
Replacement Of Cement and Sand and addition of Fibe as 17.4% &17.3% respectively.
AFTER IMMERSION:
For both the grades of concrete M30&M35 Compressive Strength variation declines from Normal
to Replacement of Cement and Sand as 2.4%& 2.4% respectively and Replacement of Cement,
Sand and addition of Fiber as 0.22 % & 0.1% respectively
.

55. Tensile strength:
BEFORE IMMERSION:
For M30 grade of concrete tensile strength increases from Normal to
Replacement of Cement and Sand as 13.2%, Replacement of Cement And Sand
and addition of Fiber as 38.5%.
AFTER IMMERSION:
For M30 grade of concrete Tensile Strength variation declines from Normal,
Replacement of Cement and Sand as 0.212% & Replacement of Cement, Sand
addition of Fiber as 0.17%

56. DURABILITY
Measured in terms of weight, for both the grades of concrete M30&M35
the percentage variation of weight loss decreased from Normal to
Replacement of cement and sand as 0.8% & 0.38%,respectively and to
Replacement of cement, sand and addition of Fiber as 0.75%&0.25%
respectively.

57. COST
 For M30 grade of concrete the cost increment from normal
to replacement of cement,sand and fiber as 3.1% only
 For M35 grade of concrete the cost increment from normal
to replacement of cement,sand and fiber as 3.2% only. So it is
Economical

58. BENEFITS
 ECONOMICAL
 ENVIRONMENTAL

59. .
 .
THANK YOU