Propagation Of Grapevines
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A lecture on how to graft vines to improve performance and give resistance to phylloxera
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Propagation Of Grapevines
- 13. Cambium
- 24. Cabernet Sauvignon Riparia Gloire
- 36. Types of Grafting Weaver 1976
- 37. Weaver 1976
- 48. Top working
- 50. Crowngall
- 53. Rogue Vines
Editor's Notes
- You don’t know what you are going to get. Slow to establish. Can be manipulated by hormons I.e.GA gibberillic acid will break dormancy Ontogeny – juvenility
- Plates suitable for that variety Plates contain C, N, amino acids hormones Used mainly in research. Can obtain disease free material
- Axenic-which means there is no other life form present on the culture medium than the plant tissue of interest Material is sterilised in generally 10 per cent bleach solution or to an alcohol solution (usually 70 per cent ethanol - not methanol which is toxic). Plates are autoclaved Plates suitable for that variety Plates contain C, N, amino acids hormones Used mainly in research, as vines produced contain no other oraginisms Can obtain disease (virus free material) free material, so can produce new mother vines and foundation vineyards Exploring the possibilty of global transportation of grapevine material using this technique, ie from registered lab in one country to another and reduce the quarantine time
- Uses? Virus elimination Global transmission of planting material via germplasm Research into efficacy of disease control
- Layer of tissue between the phleom and the xylem
- Undifferentiated parenchyma tissue, irregular form, mass creates the union It differentiates to foer the vsscular tissue Like a scab
- Callused cutting same year) it was cut Scion and rootstock grafted together one season old and ready to plant Potted vine a grafted vine that has completed a grafting stage is in a pot and can be planted in the following season (same year) it was cut
- Callused cutting same year) it was cut Scion and rootstock grafted together one season old and ready to plant Potted vine a grafted vine that has completed a grafting stage is in a pot and can be planted in the following season (same year) it was cut
- Has been in NZ for 100 years HB,Auck,Gis,Otago,Well,Marl Waipara Soil type has an affect Control with chemicals expensive and dangerous Biological control is only method Types of resistance tolerance, antibiosis and non preference Get the other benefits from grafting Which such things as vigour, nutrient uptake salinity nematodes drought NZ reality TAKE what you can get
- Biggest problem Vector Mealy bug Devigourating DNA expensive Green grafting Time consuming expensive Most common is ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay 100% scion and 10% rootstock Antibodies are used to get colour reaction
- How can you tell what you are buying? Needs a audit trail back to the mother vine Ampelography the identification of grape varieties by their individual characteristics How many varieties are there? Viala and Verorel 1901 24000 for 5200 Allenweldt and Detwieler recent 30311 for 10659 Miss identification Hunter Riesling was Semillon
- Cabernet White downy cover on new leaves with rose margins, developing leaves slightly bronze. Leaves have deep sinuses with slight over lapping RG What do you think?
- Note the naked basal sinus. No leaf beyond the last vein distinguishes chardonnay
- Grafting success is highly dependant upon the quality and size of the scion wood. Scion should be collected only from healthy plants in a strong section of the vineyard, exhibiting no stress or disease problems. Canes that have been well-exposed to sun are preferred, as opposed to shade canes. If you are purchasing or taking scion from another vineyard, make sure you verify with your provider the quality, cleanliness, and health status of the mother plants.
- Free from virus, Rootstock and scion wood 100% virus tested
- Fresh one day behind the pruners collect from vine Clean no dirt Straight mainly rootstock Soak in Chinisol In Australia it’s banned so heat treat 60deg for 3 minutes
- Field grafting, also known as top-working, is an old technique for changing the fruiting variety in a vineyard without the expense of replanting, and a loss of only one year of cropping Conversion of a vineyard to a different variety usually can be accomplished in one season. The quick resumption of fruit production is a major advantage of the technique, enabling the vineyard manager to respond to shifting market demands or correct a mistake in the initial selection of the fruiting variety. Hiring an experienced grafting crew, which is the assumption of this guide, is estimated to cost approximately $1.50 per vine. All methods of grafting rely on the cambium of the scion and rootstock making contact
- What do you notice about this picture?
- Side graft 2 years old that continued cropping while being transformed. Now the old cordon has been removed and the new canes take over. The rest of the trunk will be removed with a hand saw
- Same vine two years later note SO4 rootstock – Cabernet trunk – Pinot Noir canes
- do top working when have two weeks of fine weather – increases strike rate The best time for field grafting is late spring when the vines are starting to push new growth. Try to graft when the vines are dry to reduce the risk of diseases.
- Maximum cambium contact WHY structural, draw picture Incomplete callusing vines dies or grows poorly, loss of nutrient or breakage High humidity and free water Muscat Gordo Blanco Remuge Riparia Clone 6 and 15 chard with 3309 and 101-14 has been getting YVD young vine decline Poor job of bud removal form the rootstock Crown gall is a symptom of poor grafting sanitary conditions in the grafting shed Bad grafting shed practice can lead to rogue vines
- Maximum cambium contact WHY structural, draw picture Incomplete callusing vines dies or grows poorly,loss of nutrient or breakage High humidity and free water Muscat gordo blanco remuge raparia Clone 6 and 15 chard with 3309 and 101-14 has been getting YVD young vine decline Poor job of bud removal form the rootstock
- Rootstocks at the beginning of the season
- Prior to harvest
- De budding Why???
- Dip in everyday candle wax
- Then Water
- 7 days at 28deg then 14 days at 25 deg humidity 70% Budburst after 14 days Rewax
- Stack in the callus boxes in perlite
- Then into the heatroom for 10-14 days at 27 degrees C and 95% humidity? What’s the risk at these conditions?
- Leaves burst out of the wax cocoon
- Then allow to harden of in the shade house
- Callus
- Re wax and into field or pots
- A wrenching machine that under cuts the vines before they are wrenched
- The vines are then tested by applying pressure to the graft, the roots are trimmed and then they are bundled up and packed into boxes with crystal rain to keep them moist.
- Potted vines are transported in apple bines