1. January - 楽しく読める 日本の暮らし12か月 - Moons,Months and Seasons A Pre-intermediate Japanese Reader 一月 睦月 .... 一日 元日 .... 四日 御用始 .... 七日 七草粥 .... 十五日 成人の日 .... 二十二日 ころ 大寒.... １月１日は「元日」と言いますが、この日は日本人にとって1年の始まりを表す大切の日です。正月には、玄関や門に正月飾りをします。昔は門松、しめ飾りなどをしましたが、今ではドア一用の輪飾りなど簡単なものもあります。 元日の朝を「元旦」と言って、元旦には家族そろっておとそを飲み、おぞうに、おせち料理を食べて新年祝います。子供たちは両親からお年玉をもらいます。多くの人々は一年の幸せを願って神社や寺院に初詣に行きます。これから正月の伝統的のな行事ですが、最近ではホテルや温泉地、スキー場、海外で正月を過ごす人も多くなりました。 元日には年賀状がまとめて配達されます。年賀状もは新年のあいさつといっしょうにその年のえとや家族の写真を印刷した物がおおくあります。それを見るのも正月の楽しみの一つです。 また元日、2日、3日の「正月三が日」は銀行、役所、ほとんどの会社，商店が休みに成ります。この休みに親類や知人、会社の上司等の家に年始回りをしたりします。 4日は官公庁の御用始めです。会社も、このごろから年末年始の休暇を終えて、仕事始めとなるところが多くなります。 7日には七草粥を食べる習慣が古くがあります。七草粥は春の七草を入れたお粥です。Lpれwp食べると1年中健康で過ごせると伝えられています。 15日は「成人の日」です。二十歳になった人を祝い、成人式を行います。.... 中旬には大相撲初場所両国国技館であり、15日間の熱戦で優勝者が決まります。 21日ごろが「大寒」です。松の内のはなやいだ気分も終わって、寒さが更に厳しくなります。 漢字の読み方 ついたち 一日 1st day がんじつ 元日1st day of year はじまり 始まり begin あらわす 表すexpress たいせつな 大切な important げんかん 玄関 Gate Entrance むかし 昔 Last Time かどまつ 門松 Kadomatsu is A new year’s decoration is for inviting the god of the year and for welcoming ancestral spirits. It set up with the hope for longevity, prosperity and constancy, on either or both sides of the front entrance of the house. It is composed of pine boughs, bamboo stalks and plum-tree sprigs, and it is regarded as the residence of the god of the year. There are also simple ones that are made of pine branches wrapped with Japanese paper. わかざり 輪飾り/ しめかざり しめ飾り Shimekazari is a decorative, sacred straw rope festooned with strips of white paper. It is decorated with a piece of bitter orange, a lobster, and green fern leaves. It is hung above the entrance of a house to purify the home for the New Year. Bitter orange is symbolic of continued good health in the family, and lobster is a symbol of longevity. A house with Shimekazari is believe to pure, with no devils able to enter.Wakazari other image here かんたんな 簡単な easy がんたん 元旦 means the sunrise of January 1st , we say “A Happy New Year!!” to celebrate the god of the year, it is said that the New Year’s day is “A morning on January 1”. It is said that the direction where a New Year’s God dwells in the year is an auspicious direction. It is called a “Lucky direction shelf” We eat dishes for the new year!!! かぞく 家族 familyいわいます 祝います celebrate こどもたち 子供たち children りょうしん 両親 parent おとしだま お年玉 On New Year's Day, Japanese people have a custom of giving money to children. This is known as otoshidama (お年玉 otoshidama HYPERLINK
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Help:Japanese
?). It is handed out in small decorated envelopes called 'pochibukuro,' similar to HYPERLINK
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Goshugi bukuro
Goshugi bukuroor Chinese red envelopes and to the Scottish HYPERLINK
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Handsel
handsel. In the Edo period large stores and wealthy families gave out a small bag of mochi and a Mandarin orange to spread happiness all around. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so that no one feels slighted しあわせ 幸せ happiness ねがって 願って request/wish じんじゃ 神社temple じいん 寺院 Chinese temple はつもうで 初詣 でんとうてきな 伝統的な traditional ぎょうじ 行事 events さいきん 最近 recent おんせんち 温泉地 hot springsすきーじょう スキー場 Ski placeかいがい 海外overseas ねんがじょう 年賀状 greetings cardはいたつされます 配達されますdeliver しゃしん 写真 photo いんさつした 印刷した print たのしみ 楽しみhappy ひとつ 一つ 1 thing ふつか 二日 2nd みっか 三日3rd しょうがつさんかにち 正月三か日 3rd of the 1st yearやくしょ 役所 council しょうてん 商店 shop しんるい 親類relative ちじん 知人 closely friend じょうし 上司boss ねんしまわり 年始回りDuring this period Japanese go on visits to their closer friends' and relatives' houses. Adults give children a New Year's gift of money (otoshidama) お年玉 よっか 四日4thかんこうちょう 官公庁 government department ごようはじめ 御用始 begin work ねんまつねんし 年末年始The annual of the year きゅうか 休暇 holiday おえて 終えて finish しごとはじめ 仕事始めbegin work なこか 七日 7th ななくさがゆ 七草粥 On the morning of January 7, or the night before, people place the nanakusa, rice scoop, and/or wooden pestle on the cutting board and, facing the good-luck direction, chant
Before the birds of the continent (China) fly to Japan, let's get nanakusa
while cutting the herbs into pieces. This chant varies as well The seventh of the first month has been an important Japanese festival since ancient times. The custom of eating nanakusa-gayu on this day, to bring longevity and health, developed in Japan from a similar ancient Chinese custom, intended to ward off evil. Since there is little green at that time of the year, the young green herbs bring color to the table and eating them suits the spirit of the New Year. The spring-time nanakusa are mirrored by the
seven flowers of autumn
, which are bush clover (hagi), miscanthus (obana, HYPERLINK
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Miscanthus sinensis
Miscanthus sinensis), kudzu, large pink (nadeshiko,Dianthus superbus), yellow flowered valerian (ominaeshi, HYPERLINK
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Patrinia scabiosaefolia (page does not exist)
Patrinia scabiosaefolia),boneset (fujibakama, Eupatorium fortunei), and Chinese bellflower (kikyō). These seven autumn flowers provide visual enjoyment. Their simplicity was very much admired: they are small and dainty yet beautifully colored. They are named as typical autumn flowers in a verse from the HYPERLINK
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Man'yōshū
Man'yōshū anthology. It is critical to understand that HYPERLINK
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Oenanthe javanica
Oenanthe javanica, or Japanese parsley, is a different species of the HYPERLINK
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Oenanthe
Oenanthe family of plants, and is non-toxic. As this species is not found outside of Asia unless specifically cultivated, one should always consider wild-growing varieties to be absolutely lethal in even the tiniest amounts. しゅうかん 習慣Habitsいれた 入れた put inいちねんじゅう 一年中 in whole yearけんこう 健康 healthy つたえられて 伝えられて pass over せいじんのひ 成人の日day of adult はたち 二十歳 20 years old せいじんしき 成人式 Adult Ceremony?) is the Japanese coming-of-age ceremony. It is held annually on Seijin no Hi (成人の日 lit. Day of Adults?), the second Monday in January. Festivities include ceremonies held at local and prefectural offices and parties amongst family and friends to celebrate passage into adulthood. おこないます 行いますdoneちゅうじゅん 中旬 middle of the month おおずもうはつばしょりょうごくこくぎかん 大相撲初両国国技官 The annual Sumo wrestling matches....ねっせん 熱戦match ゆうしゅうしゃ 優秀者 winner きまります 決まります decide だいかん 大寒Coldest season/ the coldest day of the year.... まつのうち 松の内 from the 1st until the 15th, when the New Year’s pine decorations are stills et up. The period from the 15th until around the 20th is called matsu-sugi (pine is not there) or shime-aki (sacred straw festoon is not there) きぶん 気分environment おわって 終わって finish さむさ 寒さ cold