Herbal Drug Technology

1. Herbal Drug
Technology
Prepared By: Ms. Sweta Kamboj
Assistant Professor
GGSCOP

2. Herbs As
Raw
Materials
• Introduction:
• The interest of people in herbal
medicines has increased significantly
in both developing and developed
countries.
• There is a great demand for these
herbs, hence there is a need to adopt
systematic scientific methods for
their selection, cultivation,
collection, processing and ensure the
quality, purity, safety, potency and
develop modern methods for their
quality control so that maximum
benefit is obtained from these herbal
medicines.

3. Herb
• It consist of a plant or any part of the plant
• Which include entire aerial part leaf, flower, fruit, seed, bark, root,
rhizome, tuber or other plant parts.
• Herbal Medicine
• The definition of herbal medicine is the use of plants to prevent and treat
an illness, or to achieve good health as well as the drugs or a plant or plant
part or an extract or mixture of these and tinctures that are used.

4. Herbal
Medicinal
Products
• These are the medicinal products
which contain exclusive herbal
drugs or herbal drug preparations
which are made from one or more
herbs.
• Where the active ingredient consists
exclusively of herbal substances or
herbal preparations
• The term herbal substances denotes
whole or parts of plants, algae,
fungi. The material is usually dried
but sometimes fresh, and is defined
by specifying the species full
scientific name and the plant part
used.

5. Herbal Drug
Preparations
• Herbal preparations are the basis for finished herbal products and may
include comminuted or powdered herbal materials, or extracts, tinctures
and fatty oils of herbal materials.
• They are produced by extraction with various solvents (polar to non-polar)
• Purification
• Fractionation
• Concentration and other physical and biological process

6. Processing
of Herbal
Materials
Collection of
drugs
Time of collection
Harvesting

13. SOURCES OF HERBS SELECTION, IDENTIfiCATION
AND AUTHENTICATION OF
HERBAL MATERIALS
PROCESSING OF HERBAL
RAW MATERIAL

14. Sources
of Herbs
• Wild source
• Cultivated
source

15. Wild
Source
Forests
Plains
river banks
Advantages
Obtaining herbs from wild source is easy
Economical
Less time consuming
Low cost of Labour

16. Disadvantages
• Unpredictable quality
• The plants are not uniform in their
growth and yielding characteristics
• Modern techniques cannot be applied
for increasing the yield Chances of
depletion of raw material from the field.

17. Cultivated source
• In cultivation we can apply modern techniques such as-
• Tissue culture
• Genetic engineering
• Hybridization
• Germ plasm

18. Advantages
Quality and purity is ensured
Better yield and more profit
Ensure regular supply of raw
material
Application of modern
scientific technique is possible

19. Selection
of herbal
materials
Techniques and methods for
selecting herbal materials-
Randomised approach
Ecological approach
Chemosystematic approach
Ethnoguided approach

20. Identification of
herbal materials
• Botanical identity
• Specimens
• Seeds and other propagation materials
• Macroscopic characters
• Microscopic characters
• Chromatographic procedures
• Chemical reaction

21. Authentication of
herbal materials
The steps involved in authentication
are:
• Taxonomic method
• Herbarium coupon sample
• Macroscopic method
• Microscopic method
• Physicochemical method
• Spectroscopic method
• Chromatographic method
• Chemical fingerprinting
• Molecular markers

22. Processing
of Herbal
Raw
Material
 Primary Processing
• Garbling
• Washing
• Parboiling
• Leaching
• Drying
 Secondary Processing
• Cutting
• Baking
• Boiling
• Stir Frying
• Fumigation
• Extraction

23. Biodynamic
Agriculture(Organic
Farming Technique)
• GAP- Good Agriculture practices
in which we increase the
productivity of medicinal plants
and crop.
The main objective of GAP
• To improve the quality, safety and
effectiveness of final herbal
product.
• Guide the formation of national
monograph for medicinal plant and
related standard operating
procedure.
• Support cultivation and collection
of medicinal plant of good quality
in order to respect and support the
protection of medicinal plant and
environment.

24. Guidelines
for GAP of
Medicinal
Plants
Seeds and Propagation material
• Identified botanically, indicating
plant verity, cultivar, chemo type
and its origin
• Material should be 100% traceable
• The parent material of vegetative
part used in organic production
should be certified and
authentically organic
Cultivation
• Depending upon the method of
cultivation
• To avoid environmental
disturbance care should be taken

25. • Soil and Fertilization
• Medicinal and Aromatic plants should not be
grown in soils that are contaminated by the
sludge.
• The soil should not contaminate by Heavy
metals, pesticidal residues and other
unnatural chemicals
• The use of fertilizers should be minimum.
Irrigation
• Irrigation should be minimized as much as
possible and only applied as per the need of
the plants
• Irrigation water should be free from
contaminants

26. Crop maintenance
• Tillage should be adapted to enable
good plant growth and must be carried
out whenever required.
• Pesticides and herbicides should be
avoided as far as possible.
Harvesting
• Harvesting should take place when the
plants are of best possible quality,
according to their different utilizations.
Primary Processing: After harvest
includes such processing steps as
washing, freezing, drying etc.

27. Packaging
• The product should be packed in clean,
dry, bags or cases.
• Label must be clear, permanently fixed
and made from non-toxic material.
Storage and Transport
• Packaged dried materials should be
stored in a dry and well aerated
buildings.
• Fresh product should be stored between
1 to 5ºC
• Frozen products should be stored below
-18ºC or below -20ºC for long term
storage.

28. Staff Requirements
• The staff who works with the plant
material must have a high degree
of personal hygiene.
• Staff with infectious disease
should not be allowed into the
rooms in which they can come into
contact with the plant.
Documentation
• All the propagation material and
steps in the production process
must be documented.
• All the starting materials,
processing steps including location
of cultivation have to be
documented

29. Quality
assurance
• Consultation and feedback should
be taken from buyers of medicinal
and aromatic plants regarding the
quality and other properties of
plant material and have an
agreement have to be made.

30. Pest and Pest
Management
in Medicinal
Plants
Pest is an undesired Animal or Plant
which causes loss of cultivated plants.
Types of Pests
Fungi/Viruses
Insects
Weeds
Non-Insect Pests

31. Insects
Flies, moth, cutworms,
grasshoppers, spiders, termite etc.

32. Weeds
A Weed is an undesired plant
They causes depletion and
shortage of nutrients, water,
light, space to the cultivated
plants.
Non insect pests
Vertebrates: Monkeys, rats,
rabbits, squirrels, birds etc.
Invertebrates: Crab's snails,
mites, nematodes etc.

33. Fungi/Viruses
Ascochyta atropae causes necrosis of
leaf
Cercospora atropae produces leaf spot
disease

34. METHODS
OF PEST
CONTROL
Mechanical
Method
Agricultural
Method
Biological
Method
Chemical
Method

35. Biopesticides/Bioinsecticides
for pest Management
These pesticides obtained from natural sources like
microorganisms, plants, animals, insects and certain minerals.
Advantages
They are non-toxic to plants as well as humans
They are biodegradable and do not leave any toxic residues.
They are safe to handle
They are eco-friendly and do not affect soil fertility
They are less expensive

36. Types of
Biopesticides
Microbial pesticides
Biochemical
pesticides
Plant pesticides

37. •Thank
You