Running Head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 1 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 12 Domestic Violence Name Institutional Affiliation Domestic Violence Topic Chosen Domestic violence has been a topic of debate and scrutiny in many countries over the years with the line of argument changing depending on the culture in question. Although, many strides have been made in preventing the occurrence and frequency of domestic violence, it still remain a problem in society. Due to its multifaceted nature, many people do not have a complete understanding of what domestic violence is and the intricacies involved they tend to neglect of ignore its presence in society. Unfortunately, ignoring it and neglecting or even doing the bare minimum is not an effective way of dealing with the issue. To begin with domestic violence can be defined as a pattern of constantly abusing a partner in four main forms which are emotionally, physically, psychologically and verbally in a domestic setting such as cohabitation, marriage or intimate relationship. The cycle is repeated in most cases with the victim being exposed to dire consequences and the perpetrator being worse with each abuse. The need to break fatal cycles is the fundamental reason why domestic violence is the narrowed topic for this paper. It was chosen because the discussions on this issue need to continue as a way of sensitizing people and getting permanent solutions to the problem. Understanding what domestic violence is, spreading the ways one can help a victim in an abusive relationship as well as assist the abuser and learning to prevent situations such as this is one way of getting the conversation going. Many people who may not be aware of the challenge gain insight which assists in the fight against domestic violence. Primary Audience/ Reader Since domestic violence is an issue that affects everybody is society both directly and indirectly it is important that all people are included in tackling the problem. However, for precision in this essay, the primary audience includes the victims, the family, and friends to both the abuser and victim and the abuser. On the other hand, the primary reader would be the general society since they issue discussed in the paper illustrate the elements within the complex topic simplifying it for the general audience who at times feel excluded or non-essential in this problem. Research has shown that in most cases the victims gets to a point in the abusive relationship where they begin to blame themselves for the repeated bouts of abuse in different forms. This self-blame has many other negative impacts attached to it such as a reduced self-esteem, self-hatred and a warped understanding of love and the mechanisms of a relationship. Due to these consequences, it is important for victims to be helped out of abusive relationships to save them and also restore hope in them. One of the ways this objective can be achieved is through clear communication that none of the abuse is their fa ...

1. Running Head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 1
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 12
Domestic Violence
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Domestic Violence
Topic Chosen
Domestic violence has been a topic of debate and scrutiny in
many countries over the years with the line of argument
changing depending on the culture in question. Although, many
strides have been made in preventing the occurrence and
frequency of domestic violence, it still remain a problem in
society. Due to its multifaceted nature, many people do not have
a complete understanding of what domestic violence is and the
intricacies involved they tend to neglect of ignore its presence
in society. Unfortunately, ignoring it and neglecting or even
doing the bare minimum is not an effective way of dealing with
the issue. To begin with domestic violence can be defined as a
pattern of constantly abusing a partner in four main forms
which are emotionally, physically, psychologically and verbally
in a domestic setting such as cohabitation, marriage or intimate
relationship. The cycle is repeated in most cases with the victim
being exposed to dire consequences and the perpetrator being
worse with each abuse. The need to break fatal cycles is the

2. fundamental reason why domestic violence is the narrowed
topic for this paper. It was chosen because the discussions on
this issue need to continue as a way of sensitizing people and
getting permanent solutions to the problem. Understanding what
domestic violence is, spreading the ways one can help a victim
in an abusive relationship as well as assist the abuser and
learning to prevent situations such as this is one way of getting
the conversation going. Many people who may not be aware of
the challenge gain insight which assists in the fight against
domestic violence.
Primary Audience/ Reader
Since domestic violence is an issue that affects everybody is
society both directly and indirectly it is important that all
people are included in tackling the problem. However, for
precision in this essay, the primary audience includes the
victims, the family, and friends to both the abuser and victim
and the abuser. On the other hand, the primary reader would be
the general society since they issue discussed in the paper
illustrate the elements within the complex topic simplifying it
for the general audience who at times feel excluded or non-
essential in this problem. Research has shown that in most cases
the victims gets to a point in the abusive relationship where
they begin to blame themselves for the repeated bouts of abuse
in different forms. This self-blame has many other negative
impacts attached to it such as a reduced self-esteem, self-hatred
and a warped understanding of love and the mechanisms of a
relationship.
Due to these consequences, it is important for victims to be
helped out of abusive relationships to save them and also
restore hope in them. One of the ways this objective can be
achieved is through clear communication that none of the abuse
is their fault. This paper serves as an avenue for this type of
communication for all individuals in abusive relationships.

3. Detailing the reasons why abusers constantly feel the need to
abuse their partners will be explored giving an in-depth analysis
of the reasons behind the abuse and the psychological state of
the abuser. This is why victims are an important aspect of the
primary audience. Conversely, family and friends play a role in
abusive relationships around them. This role can either be
passive or active whereby if it is active the friends and family
are part and parcel of trying to stop or further exacerbating the
situation mostly unknowingly.
Advice such as trying to change the abuser by staying in the
relationship is one of the miscommunications done by friends
and family (Laing, 2016). Because of this misinterpretation, the
victim continues to hope the abuser changes, and the
relationship goes back to normalcy. On the contrary, another
aspect of an active role played by family and friends is when
they try to stop the cycle of abuse. Unfortunately, the know-
how of stopping and helping both the abuser and victim is
unbeknownst to the parties thus being overwhelmed by
frustration and helplessness. In fact, these groups quickly gets
sucked into the cycle with some suffering stress, depression,
anxiety and other emotions because they know someone in an
abusive relationship or know the abuser personally. Passive
parties only neglect the situations citing that it is none of their
business and therefore fail to help in any way.
For these reasons, the family and friends are also part of the
primary audience since they need to be equipped with the tools
of helping their loved one caught in the cycle. They also need to
know how to identify when a loved one is in an abusive
relationship but tries to hide it. Lastly, the society in general
needs to be included in the conversation as a way to raise
awareness of the activity being illegal and destructive in a
variety of ways. Due to changes in society and its perception on
issues, it is paramount for people to be aware that they are an
entity capable of either ending or helping the problem grow. For
instance, previously same sex relationships were deemed illegal
and immoral which means that victims in such relationships

4. could not access help when faced with domestic violence.
However, societal progression has enabled this type of
relationships acceptable and legal which means that domestic
violence is recognized as criminal even in same sex
relationships. The three audiences are fundamental in the fight
against domestic violence.
Thesis Statement
Since the discussion needs to have an angle for proper
execution and achievement of the objectives this essay will be
mostly focusing on the abuser and the victims in an abusive
relationship and more so the reasons behind abuse and the ways
of exiting an abusive relationship and getting help for both.
Abusers are also victims in an indirect way in abusive
relationships.
Topic Sentences
Domestic violence is a problem that when ignored will only
plant its tentacles in society destroying millions of
relationships, marriages, and families. The idea of being
unaffected by domestic violence that happens around us is one
way of letting the problem grow as will be examined and
analyzed in this particular topic sentence. The ways in which it
can be reduced will be explored as well as the ways in which it
is encouraged either unknowingly or willingly.
Family and friends have a central role to play in helping both
the abuser and the victim in domestic violence. For this
particular topic sentence, the ways in which family and friends
can be involved in positively affecting such relationships and in
some instances salvaging them will be broached in great detail.
Another aspect that will be discussed for this particular topic
sentence is how family and friends can be involved in knowing
what signs to look out for both the victim and abuser. For
instance, leis concerning bruises and bruises in the victim can
be a warning that they are being abused by their family. Anxiety
and edginess in the victim are also another indication of the
abuse in their relationship. On the other hand, a shift in

5. behavior in the abuser such as a higher likelihood to temper is
an important sign of their capability to cause abuse. Apart from
a short temper, an increased need to be possessive of their
partner and aggression can be another indication of possible
affinity to cause abuse.
Current issues in domestic in tackling domestic abuse in society
change the way the subject should be approached. In this case,
the main idea will be discussing whether same-sex relationships
suffer domestic violence. Many critics claim that same-sex
relationships do not suffer this ill and when they do that its
intensity cannot be compared to that of heterosexual
relationships (Dutton, D. & Nicholls, T. 2005). The reasons
behind these arguments will be discussed and the statistics of
victims in same-sex relationships also given.
Lastly, abusers can also be regarded as victims in most
instances since they also suffer a significant amount of impact
on the cycle. According to the authors, men who were brought
up in abusive relationships tend to have the same tendencies
later on in life. They lash out on their partners as a result of
their upbringing and being in a violent environment in their
formative years. Similarly, women who grew up seeing their
mothers or female relatives in abusive relationships tend to
accept the abuse as normal in their adult years neglecting to
report abuses (Laing, 2016). Another observation made is that
men and even women who abuse illegal substance or are
dependent on alcohol are more aggressive and easily irritable
thus triggering domestic violence. Their state when sober and
when high on drugs and alcohol is different such that partners
are blindfolded to their true characters and facing difficulties in
trying to understand the double sided character portrayed. These
and other factors will be discussed for this portion and
illuminate on how changing the perspective the society has on
abusers can help in mitigating the effects of domestic violence
to the point of ending it altogether.
Method of organization and development

6. The essay will have a coherent argument in which issues
pertaining to domestic violence will be introduced and then
further explained in the form of paragraphs. The essay will be
sectioned into three main parts which are the introduction, the
body, and the conclusion.
The introduction
In the introduction, the topic will be defined and different
understanding of the term discussed. The introductory paragraph
will also contain the thesis statement and the various aspects
what will be touched on in the paper. Research questions and
the primary objectives of the research will also be given.
Draft of the introduction
Domestic violence can be described as the pattern of verbally,
physically, psychologically and emotionally abusing a partner
in a domestic setting such as a marriage, cohabitation,
relationship or an intimate relationship (Haugen, 2004). . The
spouse or partner is repeatedly hurt by of violence or other
forms of abuse leading to a vicious cycle with dire
consequences. Regarding this topic, some of the research
questions include; what is the perception of society on the
abuser and is the abuser also a victim in certain circumstances?
What are the impacts on the people around an abusive
relationship? These questions are crucial in narrowing down the
research on the topic. I chose those two questions because they
expressed a different angle from what has been previously
researched thus the need to study the topic from an alternate
perspective. Prior to choosing a topic I decided to brainstorm
and find a topic that was significant to me. I wanted to get a
topic that was of importance to my life and one that would also
impact the lives of those around me such as my classmates. My
primary objective is to raise awareness on domestic violence
and possibly effect change in society by reducing its prevalence
and more so change the societal perspective on the abuser who
most of the time is faulted and never seen as one who requires
help. In my opinion helping the abuser is a way of getting to the
root problem since by assisting the abuser then the violence

7. stops.
The body
In the body, the first paragraph will entail the significant and
relevance of the topic. It is important that the relevance of this
topic is established to capture the attention of the reader.
Therefore, the reasons why the subject is crucial will be
discussed in the first paragraph of the body. An example of this
particular paragraph is;
As a victim of domestic violence, this topic was not picked
based on mere interest. I have experienced the repercussions of
staying in an abusive relationship firsthand. One of the other
major reasons I decided to research on domestic violence is to
raise awareness of its dangers following the death of a close
friend. I got a rude awakening following her death as a result of
staying in an abusive relationship despite efforts by friends and
family of helping her out. She had decided to end her life after
being pushed to the edge since she was constantly physically
and verbally abused by her partner. Being a victim of abuse and
losing my friend made me more passionate about spreading
knowledge on the ways of dealing with domestic violence, on
how to identify the tale tell signs of an abuser and a victim and
also on finding ways of reducing its occurrence in society. The
fact that many people ignore the presence of this evil in their
communities is another reason why the topic is of importance to
me.
I am determined to learn all there is concerning domestic
violence and then to use that knowledge to help both abusers
and victims around me. The inability to understand the details
of domestic violence and the myths and misconceptions around
it hinder progress regarding curbing it. For instance, contrary to
popular belief, domestic violence happens in both heterosexual
and same-sex relationships. Another misconception is that the
perpetrators are invariably men and women always on the
receiving end. Although males are prone to being the abusers
there are women who abuse their partners in heterosexual
relationships. This myth and other elements are a barrier to the

8. progress of stopping domestic violence, and thus a
comprehensive research on the topic is a good step to take.
Apart from the significant the topical sentences will be
discussed at length. The drafts are provided briefly.
Domestic violence is a problem that when ignored will only
plant its tentacles in society destroying millions of
relationships, marriages, and families.
It can take different forms such as physical, emotional, verbal
and psychological abuse and in some instances sexual abuse.
The force used also varies from one individual to another with
some being subtle and other being coercive. It is important that
any of the mentioned forms are taken seriously and reported to
law enforcement agencies and officials since some of the
consequences result in disfigurement and even death. Globally,
the bigger population suffering domestic violence happens to be
women (Rohrbaugh, 2006). However, this does not mean that
men do not suffer this type of violence. On the contrary, it is
assumed that the number of men abused in a domestic setting
may be more than the reported number (Cameron, 2003). The
reasons for this discrepancy are that the men have a lower
motivation to report abuse due to societal perceptions that have
redefined what manhood entails. Thus, reporting abuse is seen
as a weakness when a victim is a man since according to the
redefined standards of what it means to be a man, a man should
be strong enough to prevent or handle such abuse. This is also
because women are perceived to be weak and thus any male
victims branded as cowards unable to control their female or
even male partners.
Family and friends have a central role to play in helping both
the abuser and the victim in domestic violence.
The family and friends have a responsibility in this matter.
Their role is to offer help and also report any instances or
suspicions of abusive relationships. Lives can be saved be only
taking the initiative to be proactive as opposed to reactive in
domestic violence cases. Family and friends should also be keen
to identify any signs and indications of abusive relationships,

9. abusive traits and victims disguising their bruises as a way of
protecting their abusive partners.
Current issues in domestic in tackling domestic abuse in society
change the way the subject should be approached.
Contrary to popular belief, domestic violence happens in both
heterosexual and same-sex relationships (Cameron, 2003).
Another misconception is that the perpetrators are invariably
men and women always on the receiving end. Although males
are prone to being the abusers there are women who abuse their
partners in heterosexual relationships. This myth and other
elements are a barrier to the progress of stopping domestic
violence
Lastly, abusers can also be regarded as victims in most
instances since they also suffer a significant amount of impact
on the cycle.
According to the authors, men who were brought up in abusive
relationships tend to have the same tendencies later on in life.
They lash out on their partners as a result of their upbringing
and being in a violent environment in their formative years.
Similarly, women who grew up seeing their mothers or female
relatives in abusive relationships tend to accept the abuse as
normal in their adult years neglecting to report abuses (Coker,
2016). Another observation made is that men and even women
who abuse illegal substance or are dependent on alcohol are
more aggressive and easily irritable thus triggering domestic
violence (Coker, 2016). Their state when sober and when high
on drugs and alcohol is different such that partners are
blindfolded to their actual characteristics and facing difficulties
in trying to understand the double sided character portrayed.
Conclusion
The main ideas will be summarized in the conclusion and the
evidence supporting the thesis statements also included. The
thesis statement will be repeated as a way of retaining the focus
and the importance of the chosen angle of argument. The
conclusion will also reinstate the recommendations given in the
paper in ending domestic violence or at least reducing it. Ideas

10. regarding the role placed, and signs of a victim will also be
repeated as a means of emphasis.
References
Cameron, P. (2003). Domestic Violence among Homosexual
Partners. Psychological Reports, 93(6), 410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.6.410-416
Coker, D. (2016). Domestic Violence and Social Justice: A
Structural Intersectional Framework for Teaching about
Domestic Violence. Violence against Women, 22(12), 1426-
1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801215625851
Dutton, D. & Nicholls, T. (2005). The Gender Paradigm in
Domestic Violence; Research and Theory (Part 1—the conflict
between theory and data). Aggression and Violent
Behavior, 10(6), 680-714.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2005.02.001
Laing, L. (2016). Secondary Victimization: Domestic Violence
Survivors Navigating the Family Law System. Violence against
Women. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216659942
Haugen, D. (2004). Domestic Violence (1st Ed.). Farmington
Hills: Greenhaven Press Incorporated [Imprint].
Rohrbaugh, J. (2006). Domestic Violence in Same-Gender
Relationships. Family Court Review, 44(2), 287-299.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2006.00086.x
Running Head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
1

11. Domestic Violence
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Running Head: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 1
Domestic Violence
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Running head: STANDARDIZED TESTS SECTIONS III, IV and
V1
STANDARDIZED TESTS SECTIONS III, IV and V6

12. Standardized Tests Sections III, IV, and V
Sammy North
DeVry University
This sample uses a problem-solution organizational pattern.
Your approach to the organization of your project may differ.
See the textbook for other sample organizational structures.
Also review your professor’s feedback on assignments you’ve
submitted.
Standardized Tests Sections III, IV, and V
The best plan to solve the problem of standardized tests is
instituting the MOST or Mastery Of Subject Tests, which are
the end-of-year subject tests to be administered to each student
before graduation, to determine his or her mastery of the area
studied in high school. Because these tests would be
administered and graded by individual school districts
throughout the country and not from Washington, D.C., they
will decentralize control of students’ learning away from
government officials who know next to nothing about these
students, and into the hands of content-area teachers who know
their students best. These tests will also raise the standards and
expectations of all students, who will choose the content areas
they wish to be tested in, and focus on mastering those areas in
high school. Thus, when they take the tests, they are motivated
to show that they are the masters of one field instead of being
jacks-of-all-trades. The standards of mastery will be higher
when you have students improving year after year on a content
area of their own choosing, rather than having their focus

13. scattered on fields that they have no desire to pursue after
graduation. These tests will save everyone both time and
money, as shown in the next section, Benefits, and they lead to
increased mastery of core subjects, as well as diminish dropout
rates.
These end-of-year subject tests are better than solutions that
have been proposed, such as portfolios, since these tests would
be objective determinants of learning rather than subject
artifacts of courses. The portfolio may be an accurate
representation of a student’s abilities, as well as his or her
growth throughout high school, but it is far too subjective;
mastery would be determined by the judge reading the portfolio,
whose personal biases would be too difficult to control for in
such an important test. Also, portfolios are too costly in terms
of time and resources; the process of gathering and housing
these documents would be too large a task for the last few
months of a student’s final year. For consistent scoring of
portfolios, one study determined that it would take 20 minutes
to 1 hour to score one portfolio by one judge; this would be
doubled if two judges were used (as cited in Dietz, 2010). If 40
minutes to 2 hours sounds like a lot, multiply that by the
number of graduating seniors, and you get numbers too
unrealistic to consider. Plus, the criteria used to judge each
assessment would have to be aligned to the courses the student
took in order to be seen as equal to a standardized test (as cited
in Dietz, 2010), which would be problematic in terms of
showing equal levels of rigor and substantive content. Of
course, having no test whatsoever is not viable, because it does
not prepare students for assessments that will be commonplace
in college and the workplace. Having the current college
entrance exams, the SAT or ACT, replace standardized tests for
everyone is also not viable, because not everyone will pursue
college; those who opt to enter the workforce immediately after
graduation would not be well served by these tests.
There are three steps in putting this plan into action. First, these
must be constructed and administered by experts in individual

14. school districts. A committee of specialists in different fields
must ensure that each test assesses knowledge that students
should have in each school subject. The test would be multiple
choice, short answer, and essay for more traditional subjects
such as English and history; for the arts or music, the test would
be performance-oriented. Next, students must choose and take
the test that is most appropriate to their future career: students
interested in history would be tested in that subject area, and
those interested in music would perform for their test. Finally,
committee members must decide whether students have passed
the test, which would be administered early in their senior year;
students must be notified about their passing this test so that
they can earn their high school diploma. If students fail, they
should be given ample opportunity to retake the test. If students
still fail the test, they might consider another subject area. For
example, if students interested in a career in music consistently
underperform on the test, then they should be counseled to try
another test, because maybe a career in music isn’t showing the
best of their talents. Thus these tests more accurately assess
students’ strengths and indicate which careers are best suited to
them. They will produce high school graduates who are more
prepared for their chosen careers and, as the next section will
prove, these tests will be more cost effective and benefit all
stakeholders of education.
This plan will help to save time and money. Additionally, this
plan will put to better use the collective energy of stakeholders
in education—students, parents, teachers, administrators, and
the public—who are currently caught up in the standardized
testing craze. The most recent price tag for the current testing
system is $4.35 billion (as cited in Onosko, 2011). The
proposed plan could accomplish the same goal but at a far lower
cost in terms of money. If the cost of time and hours for each
individual district’s subject-matter committee is $1.43 billion, it
can be accounted for by including each of the current 14,310
school districts (U.S. Census Bureau, 2004) and giving each one
$100,000 to cover costs. Even with rate-of-inflation increases,

15. that is much lower than the current system. As shown in Chart
1, the cost is lower than the previous system. By Year 10, it
could be reasonably estimated at over $3 billion, far less than
the almost $7 billion the current system would cost.
Additionally, the time it takes for standardized tests versus the
proposed plan is no contest when you determine the amount of
time in test-taking strategies that schools are consumed with.
Plus, the number of graduates would increase because students
would be far more interested in attending schools that are
aligned to their future interests, and taking tests that measure
their mastery of those interests. A curriculum with coursework
that is more relevant to their future careers would keep dropouts
from leaving school (Bridgeland, DiIulio, & Morison, 2006);
this study serves as proof that schools can prevent students from
dropping out if they just open their minds to the possibilities. A
committee of subject-matter specialists will need to be
convened to start this project. A focus group consisting of
educators at all levels of the subject, as well as people working
in that field, will help to construct, disseminate, and assess
these tests.
Figure 2: Cost of Current Testing System vs. Proposed Testing
System
Figure 2: This chart shows the cost of the current testing system
in billions of dollars in blue in Year 1 of the program, and then
again in Years 5 and 10. The proposed testing system is shown
in red in the same 3 years: Years 1, 5, and 10. Clearly, the
proposed system will save billions of dollars in the short term
as well as in the long term.
Let’s help our students achieve the most with the proposed
MOST, or Mastery Of Subject Tests, initiative. It will help
students master the subject they have learned about in high
school and not force them to pass tests that are not a part of
their futures. If we don’t act fast to replace standardized tests,

16. more and more students will fall through the cracks and drop
out of school. Our current model for K–12 education uses a one-
size-fits-all approach that just leaves our children behind,
instead of giving them the opportunity to reach their full
potential. If we are to maintain our position as a 21st century
superpower, we must educate a highly skilled, technologically
savvy workforce that can handle the demands put in front of
them. Also, if we are to maintain our current position as the
center of the world regarding our athletes and entertainers, we
must nurture their talents early on in their careers, instead of
blocking their talents in an avalanche of testing in subjects that
aren’t relevant to them. After all, America is known as the land
of opportunity, and if we continue to use standardized tests, we
may become known as the land of lost opportunity.
No Child Left Behind has left nobody ahead, least of all our
country’s educational standing compared to our competitors
around the world. It’s time to bring back power to the people.
Contact me at [email protected] and join me in fighting for a
better tomorrow for our children. Sign up for updated
information on our progress, and contact your local legislators
who can spur action with the local districts in the hope of
effecting change at the national level. The time to take charge
of our children’s education is now. To get the most out of our
children’s education, let’s support MOST!
References
Bridgeland, J., DiIulio, J., & Morison, K. (2006). The silent
epidemic: Perspectives of high school dropouts. Retrieved from
http://www.civicenterprises.net/pdfs/thesilentepidemic3-06.pdf
Dietz, S. (2010). State high school tests: Exit exams and other
assessments. Center on Education Policy. Retrieved from
http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED514155.pdf
Onosko, J. (2011). Race to the Top leaves children and future
citizens behind. Democracy & Education, 19(2), 1-11.
U.S. Census Bureau (2004). Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau
website:

17. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps007
4/tab10.pdf
Cost of Current Testing System (in billions of dollars)Year
1Year 5Year 104.34999999999999965.26.8Cost of Proposed
Testing System (in billions of dollars)Year 1Year 5Year
101.42.29999999999999983.1
Running head: YOUR TOPIC SECTIONS III, IV AND V1
YOUR TOPIC SECTIONS III, IV AND V6
Your Topic Sections III, IV, and V
Your Name
Your University
This sample uses a problem-solution organizational pattern.
Your approach to the organization of your project may differ.
See the textbook for other sample organizational structures.
Also review your professor’s feedback on assignments you’ve
submitted.
Your Topic Sections III, IV, and V
Start with Section III, where you will identify and describe your
plan to solve the problem that you previously discussed in
Section II. You will also explain why your solution will work
better than other ones, and what distinguishes it from others.

18. Name your solution and why it will be successful: Your solution
should have a catchy name and include two to three reasons why
it will be successful.
Also, in this section and section V, you must prove the ideas
stated in your thesis statement, which is the statement of what
your plan is and why it is the best solution. Retrieve your First
Draft from the Dropbox to address any errors in the thesis
statement that were marked by your instructor. The direction of
the remaining sections will be determined by your plan and why
it will be successful, so be sure to look over this section of the
First Draft.
Distinguish your solution: Your solution should be unique, so
here’s your opportunity to explain what sets it apart from other,
equally good solutions. What is missing from other solutions,
and what makes your solution the better option? Some solutions
may be untested just as yours is, and you will argue why these
other untested solutions won’t work as well as yours will.
Essentially you must argue that your solution is the best
solution compared to what is currently being done about the
problem, as well as what others have suggested for solving it.
The only conclusion that the reader will have is that your
solution is the only one that anyone should consider, as all other
possibilities have been eliminated as viable. Please note that
you are advancing your unique solution to the problem. This
solution may be partly based on what someone else has
proposed but if so, you must document and cite that solution.
Do not feel compelled to propose certain solutions just because
research exists for them. Very often the problem still exists
because the solution being enacted to solve the problem is
simply not working and nobody is willing to admit it.
Major steps in operationalizing your solution: Identify the
major steps that must be taken so that your solution can be
implemented. The major steps may also include minor steps, so
be sure to include those as well. This part is the nuts and bolts
of your plan: What person or entity would be in charge of
implementing the solution, what is their expertise, where are

19. they to be located, when exactly will they begin, and so on.
Summarize the deliverables: This section ends with your
explanation of what deliverables can be expected when the
solution is implemented.
For Section IV or Benefits, detail how the solution will bring
about benefits. Explain why the investment is worthwhile, and
detail the materials or resources needed to start. In this section
of your draft, you will expand on these ideas, specifically
organizing your paper according to the aspects detailed below.
Offer a costs/benefits analysis: In this part, you will prove to
the reader that your plan is worthwhile in terms of time, energy,
money, or a combination of these three. A chart or graph will
show clearly that these benefits outweigh any costs. To
determine the benefits of the solution, look back at your thesis
statement at the end of the introduction in your First Draft,
because your benefits should prove what you outlined earlier in
your thesis. If you are using a solution that is partly based on
one from research, you will include the numbers from this
source and cite it. If you are using your solution not based on
anything you have found in research, you will have a reasonable
estimation of the numbers without the need for a citation.
Identify necessary materials or resources: Include the materials
and/or resources that are needed to make your solution a
successful reality. Look back at the previous section, Section
III, for your major steps in operationalizing your solution.
Determine what is needed if these steps are to be followed. You
don’t know yet what will be needed in the long term; at least in
the short term or to get started, identify the materials and
resources needed.
Add a chart or graph as discussed in the Week 6 Lecture. Be
sure to have a title at the top, all text in Times New Roman 12,
and a short explanation at the bottom. An example follows.
Figure 2: Cost of Current Testing System vs. Proposed Testing
System

20. Figure 2: This chart shows the cost of the current testing system
in billions of dollars in blue in Year 1 of the program, and then
again in Years 5 and 10. The proposed testing system is shown
in red in the same 3 years: Years 1, 5, and 10. Clearly the
proposed system will save billions of dollars in the short term
as well as in the long term.
The final section of the project is the conclusion. This is not the
area in which you simply repeat earlier information. It will be
two paragraphs in length. End with memorable ideas and
details, including a call to action; use persuasive ideas that sell
the solution to the reader.
One technique is to end with contact information and the next
steps; include contact information, which would be your e-mail
address (a fake one is fine) and how the audience should contact
you. Also indicate what the next steps would be for the
audience.
Thus Section III
Solution
, Section IV Benefits, and Section V Conclusion are detailed in
this Second Draft. See the Week 6 Lecture for more detailed
information on each of the sections above. The length of this
document is about four pages—or six pages if you’re counting
the title page and References page. See References below.
Include a minimum of reference sources for this Draft.
Remember, one source for your paper must come from the

21. Course Theme Reading List. Proofread carefully and then turn
in this document to the Dropbox by the end of Week 6 as your
last name first Second Draft Project.docx. Good luck!
References
Put your sources cited in-text above here in alphabetical order,
starting with the first line flush left and hanging indent of the
second and each subsequent line. Each in-text citation should
have a corresponding Reference entry here. Look up the correct
format, because sources have different formats depending on the
type and location.
Put your sources cited in-text above here in alphabetical order,
starting with the first line flush left and hanging indent of the
second and each subsequent line. Each in-text citation should
have a corresponding Reference entry here. Look up the correct
format, because sources have different formats depending on the
type and location.
Put your sources cited in-text above here in alphabetical order,
starting with the first line flush left and hanging indent of the
second and each subsequent line. Each in-text citation should

22. have a corresponding Reference entry here. Look up the correct
format, because sources have different formats depending on the
type and location.
Cost of Current Testing System (in billions of dollars)Year
1Year 5Year 104.34999999999999965.26.8Cost of Proposed
Testing System (in billions of dollars)Year 1Year 5Year
101.42.29999999999999983.1