3. 1. Knowledge regarding Use of Mobile Phone and it’s
Negative Effect on Psychological health among
Undergraduate Students of Selected College of
Lumbini Province, Nepal.
2. Awareness regarding Human Organ Transplantation
among Secondary Level Students of Selected college
of Lumbini Province, Nepal.
4. 3. Knowledge regarding First Aid Management of Snake
Bite among students of Selected school in Lumbini
Province, Nepal.(Mero tittle ho)
4. Level of Knowledge Regarding Water and Sanitation
among People of Selected Community in Lumbini
Province, Nepal.
5. Knowledge regarding Childhood Accidents among
Mothers in Selected community of Lumbini province,
Nepal.
5. 1. Knowledge regarding use of mobile phone
and it’s negative effect on psychological
health among undergraduate students of
selected college of Lumbini Province.
6. Literature review of Title 1
• A descriptive study was conducted by Naveenta
Gupta, Sonia Garg, Khushdeep Arora (2015) in
students of a medical university at Punjab in 1,000
medical students aged between 17 and 24 years who
were using mobile phone.
7. • They were requested to fill a specially designed,
self-administrated, pretested, questionnaire that
comprised details of their frequency and pattern
of using mobile phone and its effects on their
psychological health . The data collected were
statistically analyzed.
8. • Among the total 1,000 students, all of them possessed
their own mobile phone, with about 76.4% students
having smart phones. Night-time usage of mobile
phone was highly significantly (p < 0.0001) associated
with difficulty in waking up, waking time tiredness,
decline in study habits, difficulty in concentration,
increase in missed classes, and going late for classes.
Total time spent on mobile phones was significantly (p
< 0.05) associated with waking time tiredness and
difficulty in waking up and highly significantly (p <
0.001) with decline in study habits, increase in missed
classes, and going late for classes.
9. •Besides the positive role of mobile phones in our daily
lives, its overuse presents negative impact on
psychological health of undergraduate students.
Hence, it is important to guide the students regarding
efficient, safe, purposeful usage, and negative effects
of mobile phones on health and environment.
10. Literature review of Title 1 cont.….
A quantitative cross-sectional design study was
conducted to find the situation and problematic
use of mobile phones among 689 secondary
school students of Hong Kong and the data was
collected through self administered
questionnaires.
11. • The CMPPUS-10 score correlated positively with the
average daily duration of Mobile phone use and the
presence of depression, daytime sleepiness and bodily
pain. Problematic mobile phone users received
significantly higher scores for depression severity,
bodily pain and daytime sleepiness. Health problems
were significantly more severe in female than in male
students. Bodily pain and daytime sleepiness
mediated the relationship of Mobile phone use with
depression.
12. • Problematic Mobile phone use was associated with
depression, bodily pain and daytime sleepiness. These
findings will inform further studies of mobile phone
use -related health problems.
13. 2. Awareness regarding Human Organ
Transplantation among secondary level
students of Selected college of Lumbini
Province, Nepal.
14. Literature review of title 2
•A cross-sectional descriptive research was done on
awareness and willingness of organ donation among
undergraduate students of Pokhara University in 342
students using a nonprobability purposive sampling
technique. A structured questionnaire was used as a
tool.
15. • The results show that 57.1% of the respondents had a
poor level of awareness whereas 32.7% respondents
had satisfactory awareness and 10.2% had proficient
level of awareness on organ donation.45.0%
respondents showed willingness on organ donation
and 55.0% showed no willingness on organ donation.
• Hence, the study concludes that public awareness
should be carried out regarding every aspect of organ
donation and should be included as a part of
curriculum.
16. Literature review of title 2 cont.….
• A cross-sectional study was done on awareness, attitude and
perception towards organ donation in general population in
500 participants living in Haryana, India. Random sampling
technique was used as a sampling method and questionnaire
was used as a tool.
• The result shows that 59.4% of participants were aware
about the term organ donation and 98.6% were unaware
regarding any legislation protocols of organ donation. Only
27.3% were willing to donate their organs after death
whereas 60.1% were unwilling to donate due to their
religion.
17. 3.Knowledge regarding first aid management
of snake bite among people of selected
community in Lumbini Province
18. Literature review 3
A cross sectional study was conducted by Nuwa Datta
Subedi , Ishwari Sharma Poudel , Ajay Khadka , Umesh
Shrestha , Vipul Bhusan Mallik , K C Ankur among 302 (231
preclinical and 71 clinical) Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor
of Surgery (MBBS) students of Gandaki Medical College,
Pokhara, Nepal.
19. • A pretested questionnaire to assess the knowledge of
first aid of snake bite based on WHO protocol and
perception of snakebite. The study duration was from
January to May 2018. The total score of the
knowledge was obtained and compared among
variables using Mann-Whitney U test. Chi square test
was used for comparing the responses with the level
of students. P value of < 0.05 was considered as
significant.
20. • Among 302 respondents, 193(63.9%) were from
Mountain districts. The families of 25 (8.3%)
respondents were bitten by snakes. The correct
responses were significantly higher from the 71
(23.5%) clinical students for most of the questions and
the knowledge score of clinical students was
significantly higher than the 231 (76.5%) preclinical
students. Twenty eight (9.27%) students believed that
the snake should be killed after it bites the victim and
25 (8.28%) believed that the snake will capture the
image of the offender who teases it and takes revenge
late.
21. •Most of the preclinical students had inadequate
knowledge of first aid of snake bite.
22. Literature review of title 3 cont.…
• A cross-sectional study was conducted among
between January and March 2019 among upper-level
students (3rd year and above) of health-related
courses at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
23. • Three hundred and nine students from four programs
responded to the self-administered questionnaire. The
collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The highest
percentage of the study sample comprised pharmacy
students (44%), followed by nursing (25.2%), medical
(16.8%), and emergency medicine students (13.9%). Overall,
the emergency medicine students exhibited greater
knowledge of snakebite first aid. However, over three-
fourths of the students were unaware of dry bites. Around
two-thirds were sure that they should not massage the bite
site, while nearly one-fourth were not sure about the use of
a tourniquet. The fifth- and sixth-year students had
extremely diverse perspectives on snakes. The majority of
the participants (92.8%) did not feel good about snakes.
However, most of the students (95.2%) wanted to learn
about snakebite first aid and overcome their fear of snakes.
24. • Overall, the students had a positive attitude towards
first aid but lacked knowledge of snakebite
emergencies. Public health awareness is required to
dispel first-aid myths about snakebites and
misconceptions regarding snakes.
25. 4 .Level of Knowledge Regarding water and
sanitation among people of selected
community in Lumbini Province, Nepal
26. Literature review of 4
• A descript cross-sectional research design was
adopted for the study by Durga Devi
Chaulagain(Parajuli) and Kamal Prasad Parajuli
(2018) among 75 participants, Nobel Medical
College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar .
• A convenient sampling technique was used for
sample collection. A self-designed structured
questionnaire along with face to face interview
was to evaluate the knowledge. Data were
analyzed by using descriptive as well as
inferential statistics to find out association
between levels of knowledge of safe drinking
27. Findings showed that among 75 participants, 44% had
adequate knowledge, 45.3% had moderate knowledge
and 10.7% had inadequate knowledge regarding safe
water and sanitation. In this study most of the
respondents,ie 45.3% had moderate knowledge.
It is concluded that most of the participants had
moderate knowledge about safe drinking water and
sanitation. Thus, the author feels community mass
health education is required in this community to
prevent water borne diseases.
28. Literature review of 4 cont.….
• A descriptive cross-sectional research design was
adopted to find out the knowledge and of water and
sanitation in women of Biratnagar-5. The study was
carried out from August 17th August,2018 to
September 1st, 2018 after the approval of
Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Nobel Medical
College Teaching Hospital.
29. • Total of 75 samples were included in the study and
data were collected by using structured questionnaire
and interview based on the objective of the study.
Inadequate knowledge: <50% of total knowledge
score Moderate level of knowledge: 51-75% of total
knowledge score .Adequate level of knowledge: >75%
of total knowledge score.
30. • Majority of the respondents had moderate knowledge
regarding safe drinking water and sanitation. The
findings also show, there is need of health awareness
program on safe drinking water and good sanitation.
31. Literature review of 5
• A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out to assess
awareness of cause of childhood accidents and its prevention
among mothers in Parsa district of Nepal.
• Computer software SPSS is use to scrupulous analysis of study
where the chi-square test is used with 95% level of confidence
(p=0.05). This study revelas that Poisoning 96% cases is the cause
of childhood accident unintentionally, followed by 94% foreign
body aspiration, 85% flame burn. Unsupervised children are more
prone to injury than supervised children. Finally and foremost the
crucial correlation of parents level of awareness with childhood are
as follows; inadequate level of knowledge have higher percentage
of accident (58%), followed by moderately adequate (32%) and
adequate (10%). ( published on (2015)
33. Literature review of 5 cont.….
• A cross-sectional study that was carried out to find out
Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior about Prevention of
Childhood Accidents among 450 mothers of children below
6years old in Tabriz, Iran.
• Data was collected using a validated questionnaire
According to the results 24% of mothers were in higher
education and majority of the mothers (88%) were
housewives. About 26.5% of mothers had poor, 44.7%
moderate and 28.8% good knowledge about preventing
accidents and injuries in children. Mothers' behavior related
to childhood accidents were Poor (15%), average (35.8), and
good (27.7%).
34. • This study concludes that mothers' knowledge and behavior
was not desirable about prevention of childhood accidents
and injuries. Health promotion interventions based on
mothers training needs seem necessary. So it is important to
increase families' knowledge through community -based
intervention.
