Consciousness: The Brain Is Aware
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Consciousness: The Brain Is Aware
- 1. The Brain is Aware Even If You Are Not Gascon, Ruth Danielle E. Institute of Biology, College of Science, UP Diliman
- 2. Deacon, T.W. 1997. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton.
- 3. Processing is possible without consciousness Attention is a prerequisite Consciousness is required for cognitive tasks
- 4. • Everything one is aware • Awake, sleeping, dreams, hypnosis • Awareness, Free will, Reasoning, Visual imagery, Recall, Choices
- 5. • Temporal Duration ▫ at least 200 ms for awareness to rise • Attentional Focus • Binding • Salience • Inner Perspective (Ownership)
- 6. Altered State of Waking Consciousness Consciousness (ASC) •Normal, clear, organized, •Different in quality from alert awareness waking consciousness
- 7. Rapid Eye Non-REM Movements (REM) (NREM) Sleep • Dreaming • Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 • Very light sleep • No REM • Still body • Body recovery • REM Behavioral Disorder
- 9. • Aware that they are dreaming • Control dreams • With memories during lucid dreaming • Aware of themselves
- 10. • Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ▫ self-assessment • Frontopolar regions ▫ evaluating thoughts and feelings. • Precuneus ▫ self-perception Martin Dresler, et. al. Neural Correlates of Dream Lucidity Obtained from Contrasting Lucid versus Non-Lucid REM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Case Study. Sleep, 2012;35(7):1017-1020
- 11. Inattentiveness Confusion - disorientation Lethargy – severe drowsiness Obtundation - slowed response Stupor – needs vigorous stimuli Coma - unarousable unresponsiveness
- 12. • Neuroscientifically based • Dynamic core from neural process, reentry, linkage • Brain “speaks to itself” Edelman, G. M. (2003). Naturalizing consciousness: a theoretical framework. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 5520–5524. Edelman, G. M., and Tononi, G. (2000). A Universe of Consciousness. New York: Basic Books.
- 13. • Psychological cognition • Highly coordinated widespread activity • Little dots form big circles Baars, B. J. (1988). A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 16. • Animals lacking linguistic capabilities • Reduced to internal tokens • Language = higher-order consciousness
- 17. • Propofol 1. Restore anesthesia Primitive • Dexmedetomidine consciousness as sedative • Phylogenetically 2. Higher order old brain conscious ▫ Thalamus and limbic activity system Jaakko W. Långsjö, et. al. Returning from Oblivion: Imaging the Neural Core of Consciousness. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012;32(14):4935-4943
- 18. • Ephrin-a5 • Blocks axonal sprouting ▫ new connections between neurons • More activity, more new connections
- 19. • Mid-brain dopamine system (MDS) ▫ Ancient system for unexpected • Substantia nigra ▫ "Ground zero" for MDS ▫ Movement and adaptive decisions. • Predictions from habits, errors
- 20. • In primates except humans • V1: primary visual cortex • Brain activity ▫ Shifts in attention HIGH ▫ Shifts in awareness NONE • Conscious perception not in V1
- 21. Deacon, T.W. 1997. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton.
Editor's Notes
- We are conscious when we are aware. This is immediately seen to be not quite true. We may be aware, for instance, without really being conscious of being aware. Awareness is, therefore, only a part of consciousness.
- Salience: having a quality that thrusts itself into attention
- Stage 1:Small, irregular waves produced in light sleep Hypnic Jerk: Reflex muscle twitchStage 2:Deeper sleep; sleep spindles (bursts of distinctive brain-wave activity) appearStage 3:Deeper sleep; Delta waves appear; very large and slowStage 4:Deepest level of normal sleep; almost purely Delta waves
- Lucid dreaming as state of meta-consciousness
- Clouding of consciousness - patient has inattention and reduced wakefulness .Confusional state - disorientation, bewilderment, and difficulty following commands .Lethargy - severe drowsiness;moderate stimuli and then drift back to sleep .Obtundation - lessened interest, slowed responses to stimulation, and tends to sleep more than normal with drowsiness in between sleep states .Stupor - only vigorous and repeated stimuli will arouse the individual, and when left undisturbed, the patient will immediately lapse back to the unresponsive state .Coma - state of unarousable unresponsiveness
- Reentrant activity allows a brain area having responses originally evoked by sensory input to give similar responses in the absence of that input.
- Global Workspace theory reconciles conscious content with long-term memory.Human cognition is implemented by a multitude of relatively small, special purpose processes , almost always unconscious.
- but its contents can often be inferred from animal behavior or verbal report.(humans) consciousness is under autonomous regulation, ----i.e., we decide where to direct our sensory attention or thought processes (Knudsen, 2007).
- allowing its possessor to be conscious of being conscious.
- Anesthetia: manipulate the state of consciousness. + Anesthesia: person will lose awareness of self and the surroundingsand will sink into a state of oblivion. - Anesthesia: the brain recreates a subjective sense of being as experience and awareness returns. Dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness = normal physiological sleep, reversed with mild physical stimulation or loud voices without change in dosage.
- Stroke:brain's limited capacity for repair. adult brain inhibits axonal sproutingNew tissue is applied totarget region -- the tissue adjacent to the center of the stroke.
- -- the region where visual information enters the brainPurely intuitive:Attention is connected perceptionAttention: concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of othersAwareness: state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness (Synonym sentience)Perception: becoming aware of something via the senses (Synonym sensing)