1. PICOT Question and Literature Search.
PICOT Question and Literature Search. PICOT Question and Literature SearchDiabetes is
among the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide and affects more than 200
million individuals globally. Statistics show that 32 million deaths occur annually due to
diabetes. Self-management of diabetes has been shown to significantly improve glycemic
control and medication adherence in individuals with diabetes type 2 (Weller et al., 2017).
PICOT Question and Literature Search. Self-management is most effective when the patient
has the essential skills, knowledge, and capability for diabetes self-care.ORDER A
PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HEREThe self-care management includeshealthy lifestyle
behaviors that consist of medication adherence, healthy diet choices, good physical
activities, smoking cessation, monitoring blood glucose levels, regularly inspecting the feet,
effective management of sick days, control of various complications, and real-time decision-
making regarding the aforementioned factors. Knowledge regarding type 2 diabetes and its
associated complications improves the ability of people with type 2 diabetes to cope and
adjust to the disease, while poor knowledge is associated with poor health outcomes and
higher rates of hospitalization (Kelly et al., 2018). PICOT Question and Literature Search.
Therefore, this project aims to determine if a diabetes self-management education program
can improve the patients’ self-care knowledge and behaviors in order to ensure good
glycemic control and good health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.PICOT
QuestionIn adult patients with diabetes mellitus (P), can a diabetes self-management
education program (I) when compared to no education (C), improve the patients’ self-care
knowledge and behaviors (O), in a period of four weeks T)? PICOT Question and Literature
Search.Article 1 Article 2 Article 3Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or
Working Link to Access Article Zheng F, Liu S, Liu Y & DengJournal of Diabetes
Researchhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360047/Didarloo A,
Shojaeizadeh D & Alizadeh M.International Journal of preventative
medicinehttp://www.ijpvmjournal.net/article.asp?issn=2008-
7802;year=2016;volume=7;issue=1;spage=38;epage=38;aulast=Didarloo Al-Arifi M & Al-
Omar H.Saudi Medical
Journalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6146253/Article Title and Year
Published Effects of an Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Education on Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019 Impact of educational
intervention based on interactive approaches on beliefs, behavior, hemoglobin A1c, and
quality of life in diabetic women2016 Impact of a multidisciplinary intensive education
2. program on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ glycemic control and cardiovascular risk
factors. PICOT Question and Literature Search.2018Research Questions (Qualitative) or
Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes or Aim of Study Hypothesis: A diabetes self-
management education program can improve self-management and glycemic control in
people with type 2 diabetesAim: To assess the efficacy of a diabetes self-management
education program Hypothesis: An interactive educational approach is effective in behavior
modification and can improve glycemic control and quality of life in people with
diabetesAim: To examine the impact of educational program on behavior, beliefs, glycemic
control, and the quality of life in women with diabetesHypothesis: An interdisciplinary team
approach improves clinical outcomes of patients with diabetesAim: To examine the effect of
a multidisciplinary care program on patient having uncontrolled type 2 diabetesDesign
(Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative Quantitative Quantitative QuantitativeSetting
or Sample Setting: Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Endocrinology Clinic, and Geriatrics
Clinic at Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversitySample: 60 patients with type 2 diabetes
Setting: Khoy, Islamic Republic of IranSample: 90 patients with diabetes Setting: King Saud
University Medical City (KSUMC) PICOT Question and Literature Search.Sample: 174
patients with type 2 diabetesMethods: Intervention or Instruments Culturally competent
diabetes self-management education program Diabetes knowledge: Assessed using various
testsAttitude toward self-care behavior: Assessed using valid indirect testsSelf-care
behavior: Assessed using diabetes self-care measuresHRQOL: Assessed using WHOQOL-
BREF questionnaireHbA1c: Measured using hemolysate Multidisciplinary education
approachAnalysis SPSS used to perform data analysisQuantitative data described as the
mean ± standard deviation (SD) SPSS software used for data analysisDescriptive statistics
like frequencies, percentages, and Chi-square test used to analyze various variables SPSS
software used for data analysisDescriptive data presented in form of numbers, percentages,
means, medians, & standard deviationsKey Findings The diabetes education program was
effective in improving the level of self-management, reduced emotional distress, and also
facilitated effective glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes The educational
program was effective in modifying the health beliefs of the patients and behavior, and also
improved glycemic control index and the quality of life in women with diabetes After the
multidisciplinary educational program, the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes
significantly improved. PICOT Question and Literature Search.Recommendations
Personalized diabetes education should be provided to all patients with type 2 diabetes in
order to improve their self-management skills and behaviors Healthcare providers and
nurses should consider using interactive education approach in patient education for
people with diabetesEffective glycemic control and diabetes management should involve an
interdisciplinary team approachExplanation of How the Article Supports EBP or Capstone
The article is relevant to my Capstone because it provides information regarding patient
education in patients with type 2 diabetes in order to improve their self-care knowledge
and behaviors The article provides more knowledge on use of interactive education
approach to improve knowledge for patient with diabetes and thus the article supports EBP
The article shows that Implementation of a multidisciplinary during patient education
approach is useful in improving clinical outcomes of people with type 2 diabetesArticle 4
3. Article 5 Article 6Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to
Access Article Weller S, Baer R, Nash A & Noe PBMJ Open Diabetes Research &
Carehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5530238/ Mikhael E, Hassali M, Saad
H & Nizar S.Diabetes metabolic syndrome and
obesityhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301727/ Kelly L, Jenkinson C &
Morley DJMIR Diabeteshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238842/Article
Title and Year Published Discovering successful strategies for diabetic self-management: a
qualitative comparative study2017 Self-management knowledge and practice of type 2
diabetes mellitus patients in Baghdad, Iraq: a qualitative study2019 Experiences of Using
Web-Based and Mobile Technologies to Support Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes:
Qualitative Study2018Research Questions (Qualitative) or Hypothesis (Quantitative), and
Purposes or Aim of Study Aim: To identify strategies allied to better glycemic control in
individuals with diabetes mellitusAim: To identify and understand behaviors, skills,
knowledge and barriers of effective diabetes self-care in people with type 2 diabetesAim: To
establish the impact of mobile and Web-based technologies in management of type 2
diabetesDesign (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative Qualitative Qualitative
QualitativeSetting or Sample Setting: University-affiliated Family Medicine Clinics in
Galveston, TexasSample: Adult patients with diabetesSetting: National Diabetes Center,
BaghdadSample: Patients previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Sample: Adults with
type 2 diabetes & experience of using technology-based resources to support self-
management of diabetesMethods: Intervention or Instruments Interviewing was used for
data collection using open-ended questions and free-listing interviewsFace-to-face
individual-based semi-structured interviews used to collect data In-depth interviews used
for data collection via face-to-face or over the phoneAnalysis Thematic codes used for data
analysis Data was coded manually and codes classified into predefinedgroups Analysis of
interview transcripts done using the framework methodKey Findings Good glycemic control
associated with the required lifestyle behaviors such as adhering to the proper diet and
physical activities Patients adherence to the medications was satisfactory but participants
lacked knowledge regarding self-management practices for foot care and diabetes
management during sick days Web-based and mobile technologies supported patients with
type 2 diabetes to maintain individualized and tailored goals in their health
managementRecommendations More research needed on the best dietary strategies for
people with diabetes Self-management education programs for people with diabetes should
be implemented because lack of knowledge was found to be the key barrier in diabetes self-
management Technologies such as web-based and mobile technologies need to be
incorporated in diabetes self-management in order to allow personalized diabetes self-care
for the patientsExplanation of How the Article Supports EBP or Capstone The article
provides an insight on the lifestyle behaviors associated with effective glycemic control The
article identifies the importance of educational program for people with type 2 diabetes in
order to improve their self-care management and thus the article is relevant in the capstone
project The article indicates that integration of technologies in diabetes management can
improve diabetes self-care and thus the article supports EBPPICOT Question and Literature
Search.
