7. VEGETATION
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN FOREST
UNDIFFERENTIATED GRASSLAND AND WOODLAND
DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASS
GRASSLAND
SAVANNA
BRUSH
DESERT
8. Luanda - rapid growth in population and size
1980 - 19,42 Km2
1989 - 100,80 Km2
1998 - 253,27 Km2
2000 - 270,05 Km2
2010 - 350,00 Km2
9. The country continues to face
massive developmental challenges
including reducing the dependency
on oil and diversifying the economy,
rebuilding its infrastructure, improving
institutional capacity, governance,
public financial management systems,
human development indicators and
the living conditions of the population.
(World Bank)
10. LUANDA TENTANG
LUANDA MUCEQUES
VIANA
BAIA
CATETE
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
CASSULALA
NDALAHUI
LUINHA
CONHOCA
and the 16 railway stops along the way
Rehabiliting the 480 km long CFL railway
LUCALA
N’DALATANDO
KIZENGA
CAMBUZE
CACUSO
LOMBE
COMBOLO
MELANJE
14. BEFORE THE WAR, MOST PEOPLE SUPPORTED
THEMSELVES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMING
15. RURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND ARE MANY PLACES
LEFT USELESS, LITTERED BY LAND MINES.
IN THE INLANDS, BIG AREAS OF FORMER
FARMLANDS ALSO SUFFERS FROM DEGRADATION
OF THE FERTILE SOILS
16. People migrating to the capital as a result of the civil war
- the larger towns and cities were more safe
18. UN Habitat’s Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka called upon President dos
Santos to allocate 10% of Angola’s oil income to upgrading vital social services
such as housing, plumbing, clean water and electricity and praised Angola’s
stated commitment toward a slum revitalization program. Approximately 85% of
Angolans live in slum conditions surrounding major cities.
In April 2009, Angola announced the creation of a special fund to build one
million houses over the next four years. Three months later in July, three
thousand families were forcibly evicted from the Luanda neighborhoods of Iraque
and Bagdad, utterly demolishing homes and possessions.
“Armed police, soldiers and presidential guards arrived in both neighbourhoods at
3am on 20 July and ordered people out of their homes before bulldozers began
to demolish the houses. The residents stood and watched as their homes were
being demolished. Some of those who tried to stop the demolitions were beaten.”
Since 2001, Amnesty International has documented the forcible eviction of more
than 10,000 persons from slum dwellings in Angola, often accompanied by
violence including police indiscriminately firing their weapons and beating women
and children.
Source: Amnesty International
19. 1,000,000 houses to be built by 2012 - is to inculde social housing for the poor
- has been critisized as being million dollar houses
27. WORKING ON BOTH TOP-DOWN
AND BOTTOM-UP-STRATEGIES.
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION
DEPENDS ON THE BOTTOM-UP
PERSPECTIVES’ INFLUENCE ON
THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES.
28. THE URBAN CORRIDOR (Luanda)
DIFFUSE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT (Railway potential)
29. Working in the transition zone in Luanda,
from urban corridor towards a ‘diffuse’ development.
30. Make usage of the human potentials at the site,
facilitate local initiatives
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
ENTHUSIASM
POTENTIALS
31. Poor urban residents identified water
supply and better in-site sanitations
facilities as problems for which they
require assistance (...) Housing and
constructions, however, were not
identified by the poor urban resident
as problems for which they needed
assistance.
Deveolopment Workshop,
Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, p 13
33. “When you no longer improve your house,
you are close to death”
Arab proverb (Barefoot Architect, p 71)
34. TOP-DOWN STRATEGY
VS
1 000 000 APPARTMENTS 1 000 000 SOLAR PANELS
Top-down support of mass Top-down support of site,
produced appartments. sanitation systems and
energy support
Lack of sanitation systems
and energy supply Lack of building mass
35. FØRST DETTE; SÅ DETTE..
BASIC RIGHTS FOR SOCIAL
BASIC NEEDS FOR HOUSING SITUATION DEVELOPMENT
These needs are crutial to cover as a re- EDUCATION
quirement to enable social development HEALTH CARE
INFRASTRUCTURE
+LAND! EMPLOIMENT
40. SUGGESTION FOR TOP-DOWN STRATEGY SUPPORTING BASIC HOUSING NEEDS
-PAVING THE WAY FOR SELF-SUSTAINING LIVING UNITS.
41. LUANDA TENTANG
MACRO
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
N’DALATANDO
MELANJE
CASSULALA
COMBOLO
NDALAHUI
CONHOCA
CAMBUZE
KIZENGA
LUANDA
CACUSO
LUCALA
LUINHA
CATETE
LOMBE
VIANA
BAIA
African Union’s work towards a more united continent Raillines as a part of this program
Potential new development
MEZO
Work towards inclusiveness and community Node thinking in Luanda’s outer areas and growth zones
Mezoscale identity
MICRO
Participation in process Railway station as local generator
42. “The butterfly effect is a metaphor that encap-
sulates the concept of sensitive dependence
on initial conditions in chaos theory; namely, a
small change at one place in a complex sys-
tem can have large effects elsewhere. Although
this may appear to be an esoteric and unusual
behavior, it is exhibited by very simple systems:
for example, a ball placed at the crest of a hill
might roll into any of several valleys depend-
ing on slight differences in initial position. The
butterfly effect is a common trope in fiction
when presenting scenarios involving time travel
and with “what if” cases where one storyline
diverges at the moment of a seemingly minor
event resulting in two significantly different
outcomes.”
Wikipedia
