This is a section on Environment for civil services exam

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A postmortem on Insights Special
Issues on Current Affairs
Special Initiative on Environment and Ecology For Civil
Services Preliminary 2017
Hit List –Topic no. 20

2. Montreal Protocol and Kigali
Agreement
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3. Q.Which of the following is/are ozone depleting
substances?
1. CFCs
2. HFCs
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Sulphuric Acid
Which of the following is/are correct?
a. Only 1,3 & 4
b. Only 1&2
c. Only 1 & 3
d. All 1,2,3& 4
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4. Q.Under the Montreal Protocol, various
initiatives to phase out Hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were taken
up with an aim to complete phase out by
a. 2030
b. 2040
c. 2035
d. 2022
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5. Q.The Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and
Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched Stage II of
HCFCs Phase out Management Plan (HPMP)
1. It is being done for the period of 2017-23
2. It aims to phase out use of Hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
a. Only 1 is correct
b. Only 2 is correct
c. Both 1 & 2 are correct
d.Both 1 &2 are incorrect
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6. Q.Which of the following is/are correct
about Kigali agreement?
1. India has decided to eliminate use of HFC-
23 by 2045
2.HFC-23 is a greenhouse gas (GHG)
a.Only 1
b.Only 2
c.Both 1 & 2
d.Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
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7. Q.Consider the following statements-:
1. HFC-23 is a by-product of HCFC-22
(Hydrochloroflurocarbon-22), which is used in industrial
refrigeration
2. India Has decided to eliminate HFC-23 by 2030
3. The elimination will potentially check emissions of HFC-23
equivalent to 100 million tonnes of C02 over the next 15
years.
4. Indian companies will be compensated for the costs
involved in ensuring that these gases are not released.
Which of the above is correct?
1. Only 1,2 & 3
2. Only 1& 2
3. Only 1& 4
4. Only 2,3 & 4
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8. Q. Consider the following statements-:
1. Nitrous oxide is a Ozone layer depleting substance
2. Nitrous oxide is also a greenhouse gas,
3. Nitrous oxide is regulated by the Montreal Protocol.
Which of the above is/are correct ?
a. Only 1 is correct
b. Only 1 & 2 are correct
c. All 1,2 & 3 are correct
d. Only 2 & 3 are correct

9. The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the
Ozone Layer is a Multilateral Environmental
Agreement. It was agreed upon at the Vienna
Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988.
In terms of universality, it is one of the most
successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by
197 states (all United Nations members as well as
the Holy See, Niue and the Cook Islands) as well
as the European Union.
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
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10. Montreal Protocol
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty
designed to protect the ozone layer. It came into force
in 1989.
• It aims at reducing the production and consumption of
ozone depleting substances (ODS) in order to protect
the earth's fragile ozone layer.
• It has been ratified by 197 parties making it universally
ratified protocol in United Nations history.
• It is also highly successful international arrangement,
as it has phased-out more than 95% of the ODS so far
in its main mandate less than 30 years of its
existence.
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12. I. A historic global climate deal was reached in
Kigali, Rwanda at the Twenty-Eighth Meeting of
the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
(MOP28).
II. The so called Kigali Amendment which amends
the 1987 Montreal Protocol aims to phase out
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), a family of potent
greenhouse gases by the late 2040s.
III. Under Kigali Amendment, in all 197 countries,
including India have agreed to a timeline to
reduce the use of HFCs by roughly 85% of their
baselines by 2045.
Kigali Agreement
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13. India to eliminate the use of HFC-23 by 2030
I. India has decided to eliminate use of HFC-23, a
greenhouse gas (GHG) by 2030. With this, India, is taking
the lead on tackling climate change. It was announced during
the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol at
Kigali in Rwanda.
II. The elimination will potentially check emissions of HFC-23
equivalent to 100 million tonnes of C02 over the next 15
years. However, Indian companies will not be
compensated for the costs involved in ensuring that
these gases are not released. This move is considered as a
major break away from the concept of financial assistance for
every action on environment in which India earlier had shown
the lead.
III. HFC-23 is a by-product of HCFC-22
(Hydrochloroflurocarbon-22), which is used in industrial
refrigeration. It is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with global
warming potential of 14,800 times more than that of C02.
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14. Ozone depleting substances controlled by
Montreal Protocol include:
1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
2. Halon.
3. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), Methyl chloroform
(CH3CCl3)
4. Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs)
5. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
6. Methyl bromide (CH3Br)
7. Bromochloromethane (CH2BrCl)

15. a. Nitrous oxide is a Ozone layer depleting
substance
b. Nitrous oxide is not regulated by the Montreal
Protocol.
c. Nitrous oxide is also a greenhouse gas, so
reducing its emission from manmade sources
would be good for both the ozone layer and
climate.
Nitrous Oxide and Ozone Layer

16. StepUp IAS
StepUp IAS,A-35/36,Bhandari House,Mukherjeenagar,Delhi-9,phn-09873102982
Q.Which of the following is/are ozone depleting
substances?
1. CFCs
2. HFCs
3. Nitrous Oxide
4. Sulphuric Acid
Which of the following is/are correct?
a. Only 1,3 & 4
b. Only 1&2
c. Only 1 & 3
d. All 1,2,3& 4

17. Q.Under the Montreal Protocol, various
initiatives to phase out Hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were taken
up with an aim to complete phase out by
a. 2030
b. 2040
c. 2035
d. 2022
StepUp IAS
StepUp IAS,A-35/36,Bhandari House,Mukherjeenagar,Delhi-9,phn-09873102982

18. Q.The Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and
Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched Stage II of
HCFCs Phase out Management Plan (HPMP)
1. It is being done for the period of 2017-23
2. It aims to phase out use of Hydro
chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
a. Only 1 is correct
b. Only 2 is correct
c. Both 1 & 2 are correct
d.Both 1 &2 are incorrect
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StepUp IAS,A-35/36,Bhandari House,Mukherjeenagar,Delhi-9,phn-09873102982

19. Q.Which of the following is/are correct
about Kigali agreement?
1. India has decided to eliminate use of HFC-
23 by 2045
2.HFC-23 is a greenhouse gas (GHG)
a.Only 1
b.Only 2
c.Both 1 & 2
d.Both 1 & 2 are incorrect
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20. Q.Consider the following statements-:
1. HFC-23 is a by-product of HCFC-22
(Hydrochloroflurocarbon-22), which is used in industrial
refrigeration
2. India Has decided to eliminate HFC-23 by 2030
3. The elimination will potentially check emissions of HFC-23
equivalent to 100 million tonnes of C02 over the next 15
years.
4. Indian companies will be compensated for the costs
involved in ensuring that these gases are not released.
Which of the above is correct?
1. Only 1,2 & 3
2. Only 1& 2
3. Only 1& 4
4. Only 2,3 & 4
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21. Q. Consider the following statements-:
1. Nitrous oxide is a Ozone layer depleting substance
2. Nitrous oxide is also a greenhouse gas,
3. Nitrous oxide is regulated by the Montreal Protocol.
Which of the above is/are correct ?
a. Only 1 is correct
b. Only 1 & 2 are correct
c. All 1,2 & 3 are correct
d. Only 2 & 3 are correct
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