Report

1. 1. Title of the paper: Advanced rheological characterization of Reacted and Activated
Rubber (RAR) modified asphalt binders
2. Specific information
a. Advantage of paper:
- Binder designed and blended with RAR would yield higher capacity to resist
distresses and not be detrimental to binder performance.
- It has better distress tolerance at high temperature than conventional binder.
b. Disadvantage:
- Further researches are required focusing about estimating costs due to RAR usage
from life cycle cost analysis perspective
c. Data Correlating to research
Well, I don’t really understand this paper because it uses a lot of thing
beyond my knowledge and there are some equations I don’t understand. But
according to the result of the experiment, the addition of RAR in binder
significantly respect in having higher viscosities in high temperature vice versa,
and different portion of RAR would provide better pavement performance at
different temperature.
d. Author: Sampat Kedarisetty, Krishna Prapoorna Biligiri, Jorge B. Sousa.
e. Conclusion: With the right portion of Reacted and Activated Ruber (RAR) combined
with different type of binder would give different result in increasing the quality of the
asphalt binder and probably will exhibit similar or even better properties than the
conventional asphalt binder

2. 1. Title of the paper: Asphalt Design using Recycled Plastic and Crumb-rubber Waste for
Sustainable Pavement Construction
2. Specific Information
a. Advantage:
- The addition of some plastic waste play a significant role in reducing the non-
renewable resources
- It improves the elastic behavior of binder to extents the life of the pavement in term
reduce the rotting and cracking
b. Disadvantage
- (This paper doesn’t describe any disadvantage of this idea)
c. Data Correlating to research:
Saudi Arabia Kingdom has a total road length of 140,870 km; 61,376 km of which
are paved roads, as estimated by the Ministry of Transportation in 2013. The economic
and social development of the nation depends on transportation infrastructure. The
growth in any country’s economy has a strong relationship with the development of its
transportation sector. This paragraph shows us that the demand of asphalt would
increase and since we still use the conventional non-renewable resources, using plastic
instead of bitumen would be a great way-out.
Since the phase angle (δ) has an inverse relationship with the elasticity of the
binder, a low value for the phase angle indicates that the binder is more elastic and
less susceptible to the effects of temperature.
d. Author: Imran M. Khan, Shahid Kabir, Majed A. Alhussain, Feras F. Almansoor
e. Conclusion:
Based on the results and analysis of this research, it was found that increasing
percentages of plastic waste in general, has significant effect on the elastic behavior of
the modified binder.

3. 1. Title of the paper: Cement-less and asphalt-less concrete bounded by recycled plastic
2. Specific Information
a. Advantage:
- Recycled plastic bounded concretes possessed similar comprehensive strength to asphalt
congregate and some even similar to the very strong Portland Cement Concrete. It also
exhibits excellent stiffness and a flexural strength, lower thermal sensitivity, better moisture
resistance and excellent strength and stiffness.
b. Disadvantage:
- Further researches are needed about the application of this binder because of its properties
and about the energy consumption in making the recycled plastic bounded concrete.
c. Data Correlating to research:
Compressive strength of the bituminous and plastic concrete was obtained according to
standard test method for compressive strength of bituminous mixtures [30]. The estimate of the
plastic concrete Poisson ratio was obtained by monitoring the lateral and vertical strain with the
aid of strain gauges mounted on the compressive test sample. The moisture sensitivity of the
plastic and bituminous concretes was determined based on standard test method for effect of
water on compressive strength of compacted bituminous mixtures ([31] or AASHTO T165).
Flexural strength of the concrete beams was established according to standard test method for
flexural strength of concrete [32]. The crack healing abilities of the plastic and the bituminous
concrete were obtained by re-testing a fail flexural strength test sample after heat treatment at
190 C for 1 h. The ratio of the flexural strength of the heat-
treated sample to that of the original sample gives the percent crack healing. The resilient
modulus of the plastic and asphalt concrete were determined in accordance with SHRP
protocol 107.
d. Author: M.A. Dalhat, H.I. Al-Abdul Wahhab
e. Conclusion: Recycled plastic bounded concrete contain zero asphalt binder and zero Portland
cement and it has similar or even better properties than it’s ancestor, the asphalt concrete and
the Portland Cement concrete. But it’s still need further research before applied globally.

4. 1. Title of the paper: A technique to dispose waste plastics in an ecofriendly way –
Application in construction of flexible pavements
2. Specific Information
a. Advantage:
- This technique produces eco friendly and economic process asphalt which
performing well.
- The plastic tar is very good in heavy traffic, and has better surface condition when
exposed to climatic change
- The laying process cost more but save a plenty of maintenance cost and reduce the
amount of CO2 relased to the atmosphere.
b. Disadvantage:
- (This paper doesn’t describe any weakness of this topic)
c. Data Correlating to research:
Littered waste plastics are otherwise burnt along with domestic waste resulting in
the production of green house gases thus helping global warming. In the dry process,
waste plastics are used as a coating material by softening the plastic and not by
burning. Hence there is no evolution of gases like carbon dioxide. For a distance of 1
km single lane plastic bitumen road, a minimum of one ton of waste plastics is used.
The overall comparison of the properties of the selected area shows that the values
are within the allowable limit in spite of aging, traffic load and environmental
variation. Hence it is concluded that the performance of the plastic tar road is really
good.
d. Conclusion: Waste plastic can be turned into tar to replace the bitumen (a black
viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum
distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing.) and it has a better performance
than bitumen.
e. Author: R. Vasudevan, A. Ramalinga Chandra Sekar, B. Sundarakannan, R. Velkennedy

5. 1. Title of the paper: A simple treatment of electronic-waste plastics to produce asphalt
binder additives with improved properties
2. Specific Information
a. Advantage: The modified asphalt has a better property in term of stiffness and has a
better elastic behavior
b. Disadvantage: Further research about the side effect off the modified asphalt is highly
recommended, since the electronic waste contain some hazardous substance
c. Data correlating to research
The e-waste modified asphalt binders have exhibited a higher stiffness and more
elastic behavior compared to the control binder, PG58-28.
d. Author: Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Baron Colbert, Zhanping You, Ali Jamshidi,
Patricia A. Heiden, Meor Othman Hamzah
e. Conclusion: The adding of e-waste to the asphalt binder significantly improve the
quality of the binder compared to the conventional bider.