The document discusses different types of waste that can occur in software development processes, including partially done work, extra features, extra processing, task switching, waiting, handoffs, and defects. It provides examples of how each type of waste occurs and recommendations for reducing or eliminating the waste, such as delivering working software frequently, validating customer requirements, keeping processes and tasks simple, having teams work to completion on products, continuous integration and delivery, co-locating teams, and building quality in from the start. The overall goal is to reduce delays, increase profits, and allow for more innovation by eliminating waste from the development process.
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Activating Product Delivery.pptx
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7. WASTE EXAMPLES RECOMMENDATIONS
Partially Done Work/Inventory
Wasted effort, work done not adding value
to business or customer
• Front end work done, no backend to
complete the work eg BR
• Requirement documentation done,
no team to build eg Incentive
• Undeployed features eg VDT,
iTranscript
• Unused products e.g. BoW
• Reduce Work in progress
• See a clear path to
business/customer value
Deliver working software frequently, from a
couple of weeks to a couple of months,
with a preference to the shorter timescale
Extra Features/Overproduction
Time wasted developing assumed features
which may not add value
• Unclear requirements resulting in
unused features e.g SRM
(potentially)
• ‘Excessive Inventory’
• Validate assumptions about customer
requirements
Simplicity–the art of maximizing the
amount of work not done–is essential
Extra processing/Overprocessing
Introduction of complexity which does not
add much value to the customer or
process, and wastes time
• Over engineering
• More approvals than required eg
design
• Reinventing the wheel
• Unnecessary complexity e.g 442
Simplicity–the art of maximizing the
amount of work not done–is essential
Task Switching/Transportation
Time wasted trying to acquire the right
knowledge for the new task
• People working on multiple projects
e.g iTranscript, Autotopup
• Work to completion.
• Teams dedicated to products
8. WASTE EXAMPLES RECOMMENDATIONS
Waiting/Delays
AKA ‘Blockers’
Time wasted while waiting for things to
happen
• Waiting for other issues to be fixed
before deployment e.g. VDT
• Waiting for a build to compile
• Waiting for devops to do
something
• Waiting for QA
• Continuous Integration
• Continuous Delivery
At regular intervals, the team reflects on
how to become more effective, then
tunes and adjusts its behaviour
accordingly.
Hand Offs
Knowledge lost during each handoff
• Dev to QA
• Products to dev
• Dev to customer
• Build cross functional &
autonomous teams
• Shorten feedback loops
• Co-location
Business people and developers must
work together daily throughout the
project
Defects
Cost of reworking defective product
• Wrong software/system design
• Unclear requirements
• Build quality in
• Continuous Testing
• Fix issues immediately
The best architectures, requirements,
and designs emerge from self-
organizing teams
Editor's Notes
Early – speed
Continuous – no big bang
Valuable – business value
To understand Ohno's focus on waste elimination, you must first understand a bit of the problem faced by Toyota in the late 1940's. Manufacturing an automobile was an expensive process, and thus cars carried hefty price tags. And yet, the typical potential car buyer in Japan didn't have a great deal of money. For Toyota to succeed, they had to reduce the price of cars by reducing the cost of manufacturing.At that time, the only recognized means of manufacturing cost reduction was mass production. This would mean producing thousands of units of the same type of car. However, Japan's economy simply wasn't large enough to create the necessary demand for thousands of cars. Toyota had to find another way.
https://www.lean.org/whatslean/history.cfm
Inventory
Extra features: The popular 80/20 rule in software is that 80% of the users use only 20% of the features
Inventory
Extra features: The popular 80/20 rule in software is that 80% of the users use only 20% of the features
Build quality in – unit tests, coding standards
2 days waiting for mockup approvals
3 mockup approval iterations