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Ear-keeper
(Hearing-aid earbuds design based on DfAM work sheet & wearability)
산업경영공학과
201601415 문 정 윤
201701400 조 현 종
201902908 이 원 준
제 6회 INU Maker 경진대회
Index.
001. Introduction
002. Methodology
003. Result
004. Reference
Introduction
001
 Hearing-Loss
 인간의 노화로 인하여 발생하는 청력 손실은 달팽이관의 퇴행성 노화
와 관련된 청력손실 이고, 이는 일반적인 사람에게 흔히 발생할 수 있
는 질환임 [1,2]
 여러 연구에서 이러한 청력 손실이 나이든 사람의 삶의 질에 미치는
부정적인 영향을 보여주고있고, 교정할 수 없기 때문에 hearing aid의
사용이 권장 됨[2]
 실제 오른쪽 그림과 같이 인간의 노화에 따라 청력손실인구가 증가하
는 경향을 보임[4]
Figure 1. Percentage of Hearing Loss
Introduction
001
 Hearing aid
 보청기가 비용을 정당화하기에 충분한 가치를 제공하지 않는다는 믿음과 장애인으
로 보인다는 인식으로 인하여 사용률이 저조함[2,3]
 Sonova 그룹에서 조사한 2016년 B2C 시장 세분화 조사 결과에 따르면, 보청기
첫 사용자의 62%가 외관상으로 보이는 귀걸이형(BTE) 보청기보다 외관상 보이지
않는 외이도형(ITC)을 선호한다는 분석 결과가 존재함[5]
 Additive manufacturing은 다양한 유형의 커스터마이징을 가능하게 할 것으로 예상
된다.[7]
 보청기는 귀에 맞춤형 제작이 가능 해야하고 이러한 적층제조를 통해 제작된 사용
자의 귀의 모양과 완벽히 일치하여 더욱 사용하기에 편리함
Objective : DfAM worksheet와 hearing-aid wearability에 준거한 ITC hearing aid ear-buds part Design selection
Figure 2. ITC Figure 3. BTE
Methodology
002
 Target component
Figure 4. earbud part of hearing aid
 이에 보청기에 대한 거부감을 줄이고 착용자가 자신 있게 사용하고,
사회적 편견의 부담을 덜고자 외관상 보이지 않는 외이도형(ITC) 보청
기디자인에 초점을 맞춤
 ITC형 보청기들의 디자인하여 Scoring하고, 이후 Dfam Worksheet 를
통해 Scoring하여, 해당 점수를 Criteria에 반영
Methodology
002
 AHP
Goal : Hearing-aid earbuds parts design selection
DfAM
worksheet score
Hearing-aid
wearability
Design
Complexity
aesthetic
design
 AHP는 의사결정의 목표 또는 평가기준이 다수이며 손쉽게 결정 내리지 못하는 경우 요인들을 계층화 하
여 분해하고, 이러한 요인들의 쌍대 비교(Pairwise Comparison을 통해 중요도를 산출하는 분석 방법이다.
Methodology
002
 DfAM Work sheet
Figure 5. DfAM work sheet [8]
 DfAM시 디자이너가 고려해야할 사항들에 대하여 반영해 놓은
worksheet이다.
 디자인을 확인하여 해당되는 항목들을 체크하고, 체크된 개수를 Sum
Across Rows에 입력
 Sum Across Rows와 설정된 가중치를 곱하여 Total 점수 도출.
 이후 Total 점수를 모두 더하여 Overall Total 값 계산
Methodology
002
 DfAM work sheet scoring
• DfAM work sheet에 의거하여 디자인별 work sheet score 산출
Design1 Design2 Design3 Design4
User1 24 9 17 16
User2 28 13 31 30
User3 25 9 22 18
Average 25.6667 10.3333 23.3333 20.6667
Round
25 10 23 22
Design1 Design2 Design3 Design4
complexity Total
부품이 일반 스톡 재료와 동일한 모양이거나 완전히 2D입니다. 5 0 0
부품은 대부분 2D이며 클램프에서 위치를 변경하지 않고 밀 또는 선반에서 만들 수
있습니다.
4 0 0
부품은 밀 또는 선반에서 만들 수 있지만 클램프에서 적어도 한 번 위치를 변경한
후에만 가능합니다.
3 1 3
밀링 또는 선반과 같은 가공 작업의 경우 부품 곡률이 복잡합니다(스플라
인 또는 호).
2 0 0
내부 기능이 있거나 표면 곡률이 너무 복잡하여 기계로 가공할 수 없습니
다.
1 0 0
.
.
.
geometric exactness 0
부품에 크고 평평한 표면이 있거나 정확해야 하는 중요한 형태가 있습니
다.
5 0 0
부품에 중간 크기의 평평한 표면이 있거나 정확해야 하는 형태가 있습니
다.
3 0 0
부품에 평평한 표면이 작거나 전혀 없습니다. 또는 정확해야 하는 형식 1 1 1
Overall Total 16
weight
Methodology
002
 Dfam worksheet scoring과 User Survey를 통한 Criteria 설정
DfAM
worksheet
score
Criteria 1
Criteria 4
Criteria 2
Criteria 3
Design complexity
Hearing aid wearability
Design aesthetics
Methodology
002
 Weight calculation
• 의사결정자 총 8명의 설문을 통해 보청기
사용시 4가지 요인에 대해 정의하고 각 요
인별 비교를 통하여 설문결과를 바탕으로
쌍대 행렬 작성.
• 이때, 점수는 1~9점을 메기는 것을 원칙으
로 하여 설문을 진행하였음.
항목 항목
Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design Complexity
Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 hearing aid wearability
Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic
Design Complexity 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 hearing aid wearability
Design Complexity 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic
hearing aid wearability 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic
상대적 중요도(0=같다)
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
1 5 7 9
Design
Complexity
0.2000 1.0000 3 3
hearing aid
wearability
0.1429 0.3333 1.0000 2
Design
aesthetic
0.1111 0.3333 0.5000 1.0000
Methodology
002
 Weight calculation
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6878 0.7500 0.6087 0.6000
Design
Complexity
0.1376 0.1500 0.2609 0.2000
hearing aid
wearability
0.0983 0.0500 0.0870 0.1333
Design
aesthetic
0.0764 0.0500 0.0435 0.0667
sum 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6819 0.6888 0.6933 0.6838
Design
Complexity
0.1562 0.1487 0.1542 0.1606
hearing aid
wearability
0.0932 0.0922 0.0862 0.0894
Design
aesthetic
0.0688 0.0703 0.0662 0.0661
행합계
정규화
(Eigen
Vector)
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7478 0.6869
Design
Complexity
0.6198 0.1549
hearing aid
wearability
0.3610 0.0903
Design
aesthetic
0.2715 0.0679
합계 4.0000 1.0000
쌍대비교행렬
X Eigen Vector
(①)
①/Eigen Vector
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7046 3.9374
Design
Complexity
0.7669 4.9508
hearing aid
wearability
0.3759 4.1624
Design
aesthetic
0.2410 3.5494
0.1500
CI 0.0500
RI 0.89
CR 0.0562
Consistency Yes
n

max

1. Generalization 2. Matrix multiplication 3. Consistency test 4. Deriving weight
Methodology
002
 Weight calculation
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Com
plexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
1 5 7 9
Design
Com
plexity
0.2000 1.0000 3 3
hearing aid
wearability
0.1429 0.3333 1.0000 2
Design
aesthetic
0.1111 0.3333 0.5000 1.0000
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
1 5 5 1
Design
Complexity
0.2000 1.0000 1 2
hearing aid
wearability
0.2000 1.0000 1.0000 2
Design
aesthetic
1.0000 0.5000 0.5000 1.0000
.
.
.
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
1 7 7 5
Design
Complexity
0.1429 1.0000 1 3
hearing aid
wearability
0.1429 1.0000 1.0000 1
Design
aesthetic
0.2000 0.3333 1.0000 1.0000
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6819 0.6888 0.6933 0.6838
Design
Complexity
0.1562 0.1487 0.1542 0.1606
hearing aid
wearability
0.0932 0.0922 0.0862 0.0894
Design
aesthetic
0.0688 0.0703 0.0662 0.0661
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6819 0.6985 0.4050 0.2083
Design
Complexity
0.2189 0.1487 0.0862 0.0497
hearing aid
wearability
0.2189 0.1487 0.0862 0.0497
Design
aesthetic
0.5352 0.5386 0.3122 0.0661
Dfam
worksheet
score
Design
Complexity
hearing aid
wearability
Design
aesthetic
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6819 0.9876 0.5919 0.5021
Design
Complexity
0.1184 0.1487 0.0978 0.0819
hearing aid
wearability
0.1000 0.1420 0.0862 0.0730
Design
aesthetic
0.1172 0.1683 0.1014 0.0661
행합계
정규화
(Eigen
Vector)
Dfam
worksheet
score
1.9936 0.4477
Design
Complexity
0.5035 0.1131
hearing aid
wearability
0.5035 0.1131
Design
aesthetic
1.4521 0.3261
합계 4.4527 1.0000
행합계
정규화
(Eigen
Vector)
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7634 0.6799
Design
Complexity
0.4468 0.1099
hearing aid
wearability
0.4013 0.0987
Design
aesthetic
0.4531 0.1115
합계 4.0645 1.0000
행합계
정규화
(Eigen
Vector)
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7478 0.6869
Design
Com
plexity
0.6198 0.1549
hearing aid
wearability
0.3610 0.0903
Design
aesthetic
0.2715 0.0679
합계 4.0000 1.0000
쌍대비교행렬
X Eigen Vector
(①)
①/Eigen Vector
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7046 3.9374
Design
Com
plexity
0.7669 4.9508
hearing aid
wearability
0.3759 4.1624
Design
aesthetic
0.2410 3.5494
0.1500
CI 0.0500
RI 0.89
CR 0.0562
Consistency Y es
n

max

쌍대비교행렬
X Eigen Vector
(①)
①/Eigen Vector
Dfam
worksheet
score
1.9808 4.4244
Design
Com
plexity
0.5184 4.5834
hearing aid
wearability
0.5184 4.5834
Design
aesthetic
0.8774 2.6906
0.0705
CI 0.0235
RI 0.89
CR 0.0264
Consistency Y es
n

max

쌍대비교행렬
X Eigen Vector
(①)
①/Eigen Vector
Dfam
worksheet
score
2.7428 4.0341
Design
Com
plexity
0.5470 4.9775
hearing aid
wearability
0.4112 4.1664
Design
aesthetic
0.3472 3.1140
0.0730
CI 0.0243
RI 0.89
CR 0.0273
Consistency Y es
n

max

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Result
003
 Weight calculation
• 의사결정자 총 8명의 설문을 통해 보청기 사용시 4가지 요인에 대하여 AHP방법론을 통한 최종 가중치 산출
답변1 답변2 답변3 답변4 답변5 답변6 답변7 답변8 평균
Dfam
worksheet
score
0.6869 0.4477 0.6799 0.3485 0.5423 0.4324 0.7032 0.6121 0.5566
Design
Complexity
0.1549 0.1131 0.1099 0.1121 0.1350 0.1137 0.1324 0.1287 0.1250
hearing aid
wearability
0.0903 0.1131 0.0987 0.4613 0.2365 0.3412 0.0121 0.0913 0.1806
Design
aesthetic
0.0679 0.3261 0.1115 0.0781 0.0862 0.1127 0.1523 0.1679 0.1378
Result
003
 Design selection
• 각 가중치를 디자인과 곱하여 최종 Design selection
alternatives DfAM Design complexity Hearing-aid wearability aesthetic design
#1 2 10 2 1
#2 4 25 10 8
#3 2 15 7 5
#4 2 30 5 3
9 80 24 17
Criteria
alternatives DfAM Design complexity Hearing-aid wearability aesthetic design
#1 0.173420477 0.125 0.083333333 0.058823529
#2 0.432709345 0.3125 0.416666667 0.470588235
#3 0.19128353 0.1875 0.291666667 0.294117647
#4 0.202586648 0.375 0.208333333 0.176470588
1 1 1 1
Criteria Dfam worksheet score 0.556625
Design Complexity 0.124975
hearing aid wearability 0.1805625
Design aesthetic 0.1378375
alternatives Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Score Rank
#1 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.541 4
#2 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 1.680 1
#3 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.892 2
#4 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.886 3
Criteria
Generalization
Result
003
 Design selection
• Rank 1 을 가진 디자인을 최종 디자인으로 선정 → Design2 design selection
Design Rank
4
1
3
2
Printed part
Wearability test
[1] Cox, R. M., Johnson, J. A., & Xu, J. (2014). Impact of advanced hearing aid technology on speech understanding for older listeners with mild to moderate, adult-onset, sensorineural hearing
loss. Gerontology, 60(6), 557-568.
[2] Ciorba, A., Bianchini, C., Pelucchi, S., & Pastore, A. (2012). The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of elderly adults. Clinical interventions in aging, 7, 159.
[3]박영근, 보청기 착용을 꺼리거나 늦추게 되는 이유, 스타키보청기 청각음향연구소, 2020.06.01,1쪽, http://www.hearbest.net/hearing-
acoustics/?q=YToyOntzOjEyOiJrZXl3b3JkX3R5cGUiO3M6MzoiYWxsIjtzOjQ6InBhZ2UiO2k6NDt9&bmode=view&idx=3927853&t=board&category=u18KD78EWV
[4] cochlear center for hearing and public health, EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEARING LOSS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg school of public health,
https://jhucochlearcenter.org/epidemiology-hearing-loss-prevalence-and-risk-factors.html
[5] https://www.sonova.com/en/media/about-new-phonak-virtotm-b-titanium-hearing-aid
[6] https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevebanker/2013/10/15/3d-printing-revolutionizes-the-hearing-aid-business/?sh=12aa9515ef21
[7] Reeves, P., Tuck, C., & Hague, R. (2011). Additive manufacturing for mass customization. In Mass customization (pp. 275-289). Springer, London.
[8] Booth, J. W., Alperovich, J., Chawla, P., Ma, J., Reid, T. N., & Ramani, K. (2017). The design for additive manufacturing worksheet. Journal of Mechanical Design, 139(10), 100904.
Reference
004

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In umaker ppt_version1.5

  • 1. Ear-keeper (Hearing-aid earbuds design based on DfAM work sheet & wearability) 산업경영공학과 201601415 문 정 윤 201701400 조 현 종 201902908 이 원 준 제 6회 INU Maker 경진대회
  • 3. Introduction 001  Hearing-Loss  인간의 노화로 인하여 발생하는 청력 손실은 달팽이관의 퇴행성 노화 와 관련된 청력손실 이고, 이는 일반적인 사람에게 흔히 발생할 수 있 는 질환임 [1,2]  여러 연구에서 이러한 청력 손실이 나이든 사람의 삶의 질에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 보여주고있고, 교정할 수 없기 때문에 hearing aid의 사용이 권장 됨[2]  실제 오른쪽 그림과 같이 인간의 노화에 따라 청력손실인구가 증가하 는 경향을 보임[4] Figure 1. Percentage of Hearing Loss
  • 4. Introduction 001  Hearing aid  보청기가 비용을 정당화하기에 충분한 가치를 제공하지 않는다는 믿음과 장애인으 로 보인다는 인식으로 인하여 사용률이 저조함[2,3]  Sonova 그룹에서 조사한 2016년 B2C 시장 세분화 조사 결과에 따르면, 보청기 첫 사용자의 62%가 외관상으로 보이는 귀걸이형(BTE) 보청기보다 외관상 보이지 않는 외이도형(ITC)을 선호한다는 분석 결과가 존재함[5]  Additive manufacturing은 다양한 유형의 커스터마이징을 가능하게 할 것으로 예상 된다.[7]  보청기는 귀에 맞춤형 제작이 가능 해야하고 이러한 적층제조를 통해 제작된 사용 자의 귀의 모양과 완벽히 일치하여 더욱 사용하기에 편리함 Objective : DfAM worksheet와 hearing-aid wearability에 준거한 ITC hearing aid ear-buds part Design selection Figure 2. ITC Figure 3. BTE
  • 5. Methodology 002  Target component Figure 4. earbud part of hearing aid  이에 보청기에 대한 거부감을 줄이고 착용자가 자신 있게 사용하고, 사회적 편견의 부담을 덜고자 외관상 보이지 않는 외이도형(ITC) 보청 기디자인에 초점을 맞춤  ITC형 보청기들의 디자인하여 Scoring하고, 이후 Dfam Worksheet 를 통해 Scoring하여, 해당 점수를 Criteria에 반영
  • 6. Methodology 002  AHP Goal : Hearing-aid earbuds parts design selection DfAM worksheet score Hearing-aid wearability Design Complexity aesthetic design  AHP는 의사결정의 목표 또는 평가기준이 다수이며 손쉽게 결정 내리지 못하는 경우 요인들을 계층화 하 여 분해하고, 이러한 요인들의 쌍대 비교(Pairwise Comparison을 통해 중요도를 산출하는 분석 방법이다.
  • 7. Methodology 002  DfAM Work sheet Figure 5. DfAM work sheet [8]  DfAM시 디자이너가 고려해야할 사항들에 대하여 반영해 놓은 worksheet이다.  디자인을 확인하여 해당되는 항목들을 체크하고, 체크된 개수를 Sum Across Rows에 입력  Sum Across Rows와 설정된 가중치를 곱하여 Total 점수 도출.  이후 Total 점수를 모두 더하여 Overall Total 값 계산
  • 8. Methodology 002  DfAM work sheet scoring • DfAM work sheet에 의거하여 디자인별 work sheet score 산출 Design1 Design2 Design3 Design4 User1 24 9 17 16 User2 28 13 31 30 User3 25 9 22 18 Average 25.6667 10.3333 23.3333 20.6667 Round 25 10 23 22 Design1 Design2 Design3 Design4 complexity Total 부품이 일반 스톡 재료와 동일한 모양이거나 완전히 2D입니다. 5 0 0 부품은 대부분 2D이며 클램프에서 위치를 변경하지 않고 밀 또는 선반에서 만들 수 있습니다. 4 0 0 부품은 밀 또는 선반에서 만들 수 있지만 클램프에서 적어도 한 번 위치를 변경한 후에만 가능합니다. 3 1 3 밀링 또는 선반과 같은 가공 작업의 경우 부품 곡률이 복잡합니다(스플라 인 또는 호). 2 0 0 내부 기능이 있거나 표면 곡률이 너무 복잡하여 기계로 가공할 수 없습니 다. 1 0 0 . . . geometric exactness 0 부품에 크고 평평한 표면이 있거나 정확해야 하는 중요한 형태가 있습니 다. 5 0 0 부품에 중간 크기의 평평한 표면이 있거나 정확해야 하는 형태가 있습니 다. 3 0 0 부품에 평평한 표면이 작거나 전혀 없습니다. 또는 정확해야 하는 형식 1 1 1 Overall Total 16 weight
  • 9. Methodology 002  Dfam worksheet scoring과 User Survey를 통한 Criteria 설정 DfAM worksheet score Criteria 1 Criteria 4 Criteria 2 Criteria 3 Design complexity Hearing aid wearability Design aesthetics
  • 10. Methodology 002  Weight calculation • 의사결정자 총 8명의 설문을 통해 보청기 사용시 4가지 요인에 대해 정의하고 각 요 인별 비교를 통하여 설문결과를 바탕으로 쌍대 행렬 작성. • 이때, 점수는 1~9점을 메기는 것을 원칙으 로 하여 설문을 진행하였음. 항목 항목 Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design Complexity Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 hearing aid wearability Dfamworksheet score 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic Design Complexity 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 hearing aid wearability Design Complexity 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic hearing aid wearability 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Design aesthetic 상대적 중요도(0=같다) Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 1 5 7 9 Design Complexity 0.2000 1.0000 3 3 hearing aid wearability 0.1429 0.3333 1.0000 2 Design aesthetic 0.1111 0.3333 0.5000 1.0000
  • 11. Methodology 002  Weight calculation Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 0.6878 0.7500 0.6087 0.6000 Design Complexity 0.1376 0.1500 0.2609 0.2000 hearing aid wearability 0.0983 0.0500 0.0870 0.1333 Design aesthetic 0.0764 0.0500 0.0435 0.0667 sum 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 0.6819 0.6888 0.6933 0.6838 Design Complexity 0.1562 0.1487 0.1542 0.1606 hearing aid wearability 0.0932 0.0922 0.0862 0.0894 Design aesthetic 0.0688 0.0703 0.0662 0.0661 행합계 정규화 (Eigen Vector) Dfam worksheet score 2.7478 0.6869 Design Complexity 0.6198 0.1549 hearing aid wearability 0.3610 0.0903 Design aesthetic 0.2715 0.0679 합계 4.0000 1.0000 쌍대비교행렬 X Eigen Vector (①) ①/Eigen Vector Dfam worksheet score 2.7046 3.9374 Design Complexity 0.7669 4.9508 hearing aid wearability 0.3759 4.1624 Design aesthetic 0.2410 3.5494 0.1500 CI 0.0500 RI 0.89 CR 0.0562 Consistency Yes n  max  1. Generalization 2. Matrix multiplication 3. Consistency test 4. Deriving weight
  • 12. Methodology 002  Weight calculation Dfam worksheet score Design Com plexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 1 5 7 9 Design Com plexity 0.2000 1.0000 3 3 hearing aid wearability 0.1429 0.3333 1.0000 2 Design aesthetic 0.1111 0.3333 0.5000 1.0000 Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 1 5 5 1 Design Complexity 0.2000 1.0000 1 2 hearing aid wearability 0.2000 1.0000 1.0000 2 Design aesthetic 1.0000 0.5000 0.5000 1.0000 . . . Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 1 7 7 5 Design Complexity 0.1429 1.0000 1 3 hearing aid wearability 0.1429 1.0000 1.0000 1 Design aesthetic 0.2000 0.3333 1.0000 1.0000 Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 0.6819 0.6888 0.6933 0.6838 Design Complexity 0.1562 0.1487 0.1542 0.1606 hearing aid wearability 0.0932 0.0922 0.0862 0.0894 Design aesthetic 0.0688 0.0703 0.0662 0.0661 Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 0.6819 0.6985 0.4050 0.2083 Design Complexity 0.2189 0.1487 0.0862 0.0497 hearing aid wearability 0.2189 0.1487 0.0862 0.0497 Design aesthetic 0.5352 0.5386 0.3122 0.0661 Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Dfam worksheet score 0.6819 0.9876 0.5919 0.5021 Design Complexity 0.1184 0.1487 0.0978 0.0819 hearing aid wearability 0.1000 0.1420 0.0862 0.0730 Design aesthetic 0.1172 0.1683 0.1014 0.0661 행합계 정규화 (Eigen Vector) Dfam worksheet score 1.9936 0.4477 Design Complexity 0.5035 0.1131 hearing aid wearability 0.5035 0.1131 Design aesthetic 1.4521 0.3261 합계 4.4527 1.0000 행합계 정규화 (Eigen Vector) Dfam worksheet score 2.7634 0.6799 Design Complexity 0.4468 0.1099 hearing aid wearability 0.4013 0.0987 Design aesthetic 0.4531 0.1115 합계 4.0645 1.0000 행합계 정규화 (Eigen Vector) Dfam worksheet score 2.7478 0.6869 Design Com plexity 0.6198 0.1549 hearing aid wearability 0.3610 0.0903 Design aesthetic 0.2715 0.0679 합계 4.0000 1.0000 쌍대비교행렬 X Eigen Vector (①) ①/Eigen Vector Dfam worksheet score 2.7046 3.9374 Design Com plexity 0.7669 4.9508 hearing aid wearability 0.3759 4.1624 Design aesthetic 0.2410 3.5494 0.1500 CI 0.0500 RI 0.89 CR 0.0562 Consistency Y es n  max  쌍대비교행렬 X Eigen Vector (①) ①/Eigen Vector Dfam worksheet score 1.9808 4.4244 Design Com plexity 0.5184 4.5834 hearing aid wearability 0.5184 4.5834 Design aesthetic 0.8774 2.6906 0.0705 CI 0.0235 RI 0.89 CR 0.0264 Consistency Y es n  max  쌍대비교행렬 X Eigen Vector (①) ①/Eigen Vector Dfam worksheet score 2.7428 4.0341 Design Com plexity 0.5470 4.9775 hearing aid wearability 0.4112 4.1664 Design aesthetic 0.3472 3.1140 0.0730 CI 0.0243 RI 0.89 CR 0.0273 Consistency Y es n  max  . . . . . . . . .
  • 13. Result 003  Weight calculation • 의사결정자 총 8명의 설문을 통해 보청기 사용시 4가지 요인에 대하여 AHP방법론을 통한 최종 가중치 산출 답변1 답변2 답변3 답변4 답변5 답변6 답변7 답변8 평균 Dfam worksheet score 0.6869 0.4477 0.6799 0.3485 0.5423 0.4324 0.7032 0.6121 0.5566 Design Complexity 0.1549 0.1131 0.1099 0.1121 0.1350 0.1137 0.1324 0.1287 0.1250 hearing aid wearability 0.0903 0.1131 0.0987 0.4613 0.2365 0.3412 0.0121 0.0913 0.1806 Design aesthetic 0.0679 0.3261 0.1115 0.0781 0.0862 0.1127 0.1523 0.1679 0.1378
  • 14. Result 003  Design selection • 각 가중치를 디자인과 곱하여 최종 Design selection alternatives DfAM Design complexity Hearing-aid wearability aesthetic design #1 2 10 2 1 #2 4 25 10 8 #3 2 15 7 5 #4 2 30 5 3 9 80 24 17 Criteria alternatives DfAM Design complexity Hearing-aid wearability aesthetic design #1 0.173420477 0.125 0.083333333 0.058823529 #2 0.432709345 0.3125 0.416666667 0.470588235 #3 0.19128353 0.1875 0.291666667 0.294117647 #4 0.202586648 0.375 0.208333333 0.176470588 1 1 1 1 Criteria Dfam worksheet score 0.556625 Design Complexity 0.124975 hearing aid wearability 0.1805625 Design aesthetic 0.1378375 alternatives Dfam worksheet score Design Complexity hearing aid wearability Design aesthetic Score Rank #1 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.541 4 #2 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 1.680 1 #3 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.223 0.892 2 #4 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.222 0.886 3 Criteria Generalization
  • 15. Result 003  Design selection • Rank 1 을 가진 디자인을 최종 디자인으로 선정 → Design2 design selection Design Rank 4 1 3 2 Printed part Wearability test
  • 16. [1] Cox, R. M., Johnson, J. A., & Xu, J. (2014). Impact of advanced hearing aid technology on speech understanding for older listeners with mild to moderate, adult-onset, sensorineural hearing loss. Gerontology, 60(6), 557-568. [2] Ciorba, A., Bianchini, C., Pelucchi, S., & Pastore, A. (2012). The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of elderly adults. Clinical interventions in aging, 7, 159. [3]박영근, 보청기 착용을 꺼리거나 늦추게 되는 이유, 스타키보청기 청각음향연구소, 2020.06.01,1쪽, http://www.hearbest.net/hearing- acoustics/?q=YToyOntzOjEyOiJrZXl3b3JkX3R5cGUiO3M6MzoiYWxsIjtzOjQ6InBhZ2UiO2k6NDt9&bmode=view&idx=3927853&t=board&category=u18KD78EWV [4] cochlear center for hearing and public health, EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEARING LOSS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg school of public health, https://jhucochlearcenter.org/epidemiology-hearing-loss-prevalence-and-risk-factors.html [5] https://www.sonova.com/en/media/about-new-phonak-virtotm-b-titanium-hearing-aid [6] https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevebanker/2013/10/15/3d-printing-revolutionizes-the-hearing-aid-business/?sh=12aa9515ef21 [7] Reeves, P., Tuck, C., & Hague, R. (2011). Additive manufacturing for mass customization. In Mass customization (pp. 275-289). Springer, London. [8] Booth, J. W., Alperovich, J., Chawla, P., Ma, J., Reid, T. N., & Ramani, K. (2017). The design for additive manufacturing worksheet. Journal of Mechanical Design, 139(10), 100904. Reference 004