Poster Presentation at LET2018, Osaka on August 8, 2018

1. Mariko Kawasaki
Kwansei Gakuin Universty
maasan1004@gmail.com
Copyright © 2018 Mkawasaki All Rights Reserved.
Adult EFL Learners’ Ability
to Form Sentences with Be Verb
-- A Survey at Elementary
to Pre-Intermediate Levels –
(EFL初中級学習者のBE動詞を含む文の産出能力調査)
KG LOGO

2. *
Typical Errors by J-Instructed English learners)
Despite the fact that
more G7 textbooks begins with SVC sentences.
What do you like is sports? I like sports is soccer.
How is your tall? (“How old are you?” is often correct!)
*Negative transfer of Japanese?
What are you doing now? I studying homework.
*Omission of Be-verb in Be+V-ing
Progressive to be used at the end of G7

3. *
*Large scale longitudinal study
On junior high students (Kanatani et al. 2015)
G7 to G9
Acquisition of noun phrase
Instrument: Billy’s Test
Identification of be-verb position
Result： Accuracy 50-60% maintained
On senior high students (Kanatani et al. 2017)
G10 and beyond
Approx. 5000 participants
Investigated on the use of
what they have learned in junior high.
Result： Not reached the “acquisition” level.

4. *
*35 Items from “Billy’s Test” (Kanatani, et al.2015)
*Noun phrases with be verb
*Identify the correct position for “is”
＝ recognition of Head Noun (Head noun size controlled.)
*Statements: ex) This old blue cap is too big for me.
The tall man in suit is my brother.
The furniture to be shipped is in that store.
*Questions: ex) Who is your best friend?
Which Chinese song is your favorite?
do you think Q When do you think is the best time for picnic?

5. *
なまえ
一つこたえたら、右の顔マークにも○をつけてから、つぎにすすみましょう。
番
号
問題 すべての文は “is”が抜けています。
“is”が入る場所の番号に○
自信が
｛ある・ふつう・ない｝
いずれかに○
1
This old blue cap too big for me.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦
2
How the newspaper delivered?
① ② ③
3
When the next class?
① ② ③
“is” is missing. Circle
the number where “is”
should be inserted.
Confidence Level:
Confident, Neither, Not Confident
Choose the confidence
level marker each time
before going on to the
next item.

6. *
April July January
---|----------------------|----------------------------------|----
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
*Pre-test：Numbered all positions (between words)
*Post/Delayed-test: Discarded numbers not selected in
the Pre-test. ex) Between an article and a noun,
an adjective and a noun

7. *
N = 129
Class
Frequency/
week
Class
Frequency/
week
previous year
Mean
accuracy
at Time 1
Year 1
(n1=61)
4 (n2=36) ? .72 (.12)
2 (n2=25) ? .68 (.14)
Year 2
(n1=68)
4 (n2=35) 4 .68 (.16)
2 (n2=33) 2 .74 (.14)

8. *
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 1 Time 2 Time 3

9. *
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Year 1
Significant increase
p <0.05
☆.86 Intermediate 4/week

10. *
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Year 2
Significant increase
p <0.05
☆.84 Intermediate 4/week

11. *
Items Accuracy
When is the next class? 0.98
Who is your best friend? 0.95
The same chair is in my room. 0.95 (Y1 < Y2)
What day is it? 0.95
*WH＋is pattern familiar
*Fixed expressions

12. Items（Wrong answers and their ratio） Accuracy
The sofa (0.65) to be shipped is in that store. 0.26
*Misunderstood the meaning? “The destination of the sofa is
that store.”
*Unknown word?
Which (0.63) old book is about Singapore? 0.35 (Y1>Y2)
Which (0.58) pink shirt is in the box? 0.41
Which (0.54) American girl is in your classroom? 0.44
*WH＋is pattern familiar.
*

13. *
*Total
Year 1 students 70% correct:
Better than G9 50-60% in Kanatani et al. (2015)
*No significant difference between the Year 1 and Year 2
*Lower accuracy group showed improvement during the first
semester.
Higher accuracy group did not show improvement.
*Intermediate with 4 English classes per week showed
the accuracy of .84(.05) at Time 3.
---→The accuracy of .80 could be the approximate ceiling.

14. *
*Look into what is happening with beginners = Spoken protocol
*Effect of implicit/explicit instruction
*What does the accuracy ceiling of 80% mean?
Is it necessary to exceed this level?
Is there a way to exceed this level?
*Look into the influence of early start of ILL
*Younger learners G5s ~
*G7s with English learning experience
*Assisted measurement for young learners

15. *
*金谷憲・小林美音・告かおり・贄田悠・羽山恵 (2015).『中
学英語いつ卒業？』東京：三省堂.
*金谷憲・臼倉美里・大田悦子・鈴木祐一・隅田朗彦(2017)
『高校生は中学英語を使いこなせるか？』東京：アルク