Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
RICHARD III.pptx
1.
2. Refers to the main character in the play, Richard III.
He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty in
England. His reign lasted only two years (1483-1485)
and ended when he was killed in the Battle of
Bosworth Field which also put an end to the War of the
Roses.
Most literary critics refer to Richard III as a “history
play”, however some others consider it to be a tragedy.
3. In the First Quarto edition in 1597 the play was called
The Tragedy of King Richard the Third, containing his
treacherous plots against his brother Clarence: the
pitiful murder of his innocent nephews: his tyrannical
usurpation: with the whole course of his detested life
and most deserved death, and the publisher classified
it as a tragedy.
4.
5. Later, in the First Folio edition of 1623, it was listed
under the “Histories” and the title was The Life and
Death of Richard III.
6.
7. Richard III cannot be said to have been created, but
only to have been touched up and improved, by
Shakespeare, who drew upon several different sources
of inspiration. Shakespeare took his fable from the
history books, which described Richard, Duke of
Gloucester, afterwards King Richard III, as a deformed
monster, dreadful to see, and in his mind, cruel, false
and bloody.
In the English Chronicles of Edward Hall (1548) and
Raphael Holinshed (1577,1587) Shakespeare found a
portrait of his hero that was already a finished work of
art.
8. An extract taken from the second edition from Holinshed,
volume 3 illustrates Richard’s appearance, character and
general behaviour.
Richard, the third son… was in wit and courage equal with
either of them [his brothers], in body and prowess far under
them both, little of stature, ill-featured of limbs, crook-
backed,his left shoulder much higher than his right, hard
favoured of visage… He was malicious, wrathful, envious,
and from afore his birth ever forward. It is for truth reported
that the Duchess his mother had so much ado in her travail,
that she could not be delivered of him uncut; and that he
came into the world with the feet forward… and, as the fame
runneth also, not untoothed. (p.712; compare II. 4.27-9,
IV.4.163-8)
9. External evidence: Six editions of the play were
published between 1597 and 1622 in Quarto, a seventh
edition was published in 1623 in the Folio. The first
Quarto of Richard III (1597) provides evidence for
dating the play but it is believed that it was written
soon after Henry VI, Part 3, as it is the final sequel to a
series of Shakespearian history plays known as the
“first tetralogy”, which also includes Henry VI Parts 1, 2
and 3.
The style is also typical of early Shakespeare as the
dramatist seems to still be under the influence of his
predecessors.
10. Internal evidence: Richard III concludes Shakespeare’s first
tetralogy of history plays, his panorama of the Wars of the
Roses, and so knits together a greater variety of threads
than any single drama. It dramatizes English historical
events: Richard III (1452 - 1485) was King of England for
two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the
Battle of Bosworth Field. Richard was the last Yorkist king
of England, whose death at the Battle of Bosworth
effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. He has become
infamous because of the disappearance of his young
nephews - the Princes in the Tower - and through William
Shakespeare's play 'Richard III' as he put on stage all
Richard’s malice, wrath, envy, dissimulation and wit.
11. TIME
Discourse Time: The events in the play occur over a
period of time in history between Henry VI’s death
(1471) up to Richard III’s death (1485). However, in the
play the actions take place in less time than the 14
years in which the events actually happened. The
events in the play occur in a period of probably less
than a month.
Story Time: It can be said that Richard III is set in
England in the late 1400s.
12. Most events in the play take place in London, England:
streets (II,3) (III,1)
the palace rooms (I,3) (II,1)
Tower of London (I,4)
Scrivener´s house (III,6)
Pomfret Castle (III, 3)
Salisbury (V,1)
Camp nearTamworth (V,2)
Bosworth Field (V,3)
Lord Derby´s house(IV,5)
Baynard´s castle (III,7)
13. Dread and gloom: Margaret’s prophetic curses (I, iii,
194-213 and 221-232). When the ghosts visit Richard (V,
iii).
Deception: Richard tells Buckingham to convince the
citizens that Edward IV's children are illegitimate (III 5
71-74), Richard convinces Clarence's children that the
King, influenced by Elizabeth was responsible for their
father's death (II 2 20-23)
14. The play consists of 5 acts containing different scenes.
Act I SC i – Richard’s plan to take over the throne
SC ii- Richard courts Anne
SC iii- Richard cursed by Margaret
SC iv- Clarence’s murder
ACT II SC i- Edward trying to reconcile the family.
SC ii- Queen Elizabeth announces Edward’s death.
SC iii- Citizens afraid of a fight to seize the throne.
SC iv- The imprisonment of River, Grey and Vaughn.
15. ACT III SC i- Prince Edward is taken to the Tower
SC ii – Catesby and Stanley arriving at
Hasting’s in the morning.
SC iii- Grey, Vaughan and Rivers led to
execution
SC iv- Richard condemns Hastings to death.
SC v- Richard’s motives for his decisions.
SC vi- The scrivener’s discovery of the
conspiracy against Hastings.
SC vii- Richard’s reluctance to accept the
throne
16. ACT IV SC i- Richard forbids visits to the Princes
SC ii- Richard orders the Princes’ murders
SC iii- The Princes are killed
SC iv- Richard’s plot to marry Queen Elizabeth’s
daughter
SC v- The arrangement of Elizabeth and
Richmond’s marriage
ACT V SC i- Buckingham’s last speech
SC ii- Richmond encouraging his men
SC iii- The ghosts of Richard’s victims appear to
him and Richmond
SC iv- The King fights in battle
SC v- Richard’s death and Richmond’s
coronation as king Henry VII
18. A man who is determined to obtain the throne and is
capable of doing horrible things to get what he wants.
19. Cruelty: Richard’s actions are vile and cruel. He kills
many innocent people without remorse.
Power of language: Reflected in Richard’s ability to
convince everyone by manipulating them with his words.
Some characters like Lady Anne fall for his tricks even
knowing Richard’s true nature.
Corruption: Besides Richard’s plots to obtain the throne
we can find many corrupt characters in the play that are
capable of doing anything in order to get what they want.
Justice: All characters in the play who have committed a
crime get their corresponding punishment by the end of
the play. Justice is distributed and those who sinned get
what they deserve.
20. Introduction: Richard’s monologue in which he
addresses the audience speaking about his physical
deformity.
Opening conflict: Richard is determined to obtain the
throne and prove himself a villain. (I, i, 30)
21. Clarence is sent to the Tower of London.
Richard persuades Lady Anne to marry him.
Queen Margaret curses him.
Richard has his brother Clarence murdered.
Edward IV dies.
Rivers, Grey and Sir Thomas Vaughan are arrested.
The young princes are sent to the Tower.
Hastings is accused of treason and killed.
Richard tells Buckingham to convince citizens that Edward
IV’s children are illegitimate.
22. Richard pretends to refuse the crown but finally
accepts and becomes King Richard III.
23. Buckingham hesitates about obeying Richard’s request of
killing the princes and flees after realizing that he has
fallen out of Richard’s favor.
Richard has the princes murdered.
Richard murders Anne and tells Elizabeth that he wants to
marry her daughter.
Richmond’s navy lands.
Buckingham is captured and executed.
Richmond will marry young Elizabeth and is seen as
rightful heir to the throne.
Richard has advantage over Richmond at Bosworth Field.
Richard and Richmond are visited by the ghosts of
Richard’s victims.
26. Richard Duke of Gloucester is King Edward IV’s
youngest brother. He becomes King Richard III after
he takes the crown from his nephew.
He is ugly and physically deformed (I, i, 14-23), he is
evil, unscrupulous and will stop at nothing in his quest
for power (I, i, 30-40).
He is deceitful and treacherous (I, iii, 335-337).
Static, flat.
27.
28. He is Richard’s right-hand man and helps him with his
plans to become king.
He is ambitious and convinced that his fortune will
grow if he follows Richard though he hesitates when
Richard orders him to kill the Princes and finally stops
supporting him when he is not rewarded as he
expected (IV, ii).
Dynamic, flat.
29.
30. She is the widow of Edward Prince of Wales, the son of
King Henry VI. She marries Richard in the play.
She succumbs to Richard’s charms despite knowing he
is responsible for her husband and father-in-law’s
deaths (I, i).
She is naïve but ambitious and probably scared of
Richard.
Dynamic, flat.
31.
32. She is the widow of King Henry VI.
She is a strong-minded woman who resents Richard
for killing her husband and son.
She has lost all her power and feels bitter about her
situation.
She curses Richard and other characters and all her
prophecies come true (I, iii).
Static, flat.
33.
34. She is King Edward IV’s wife.
Richard refers to her as “Lady Grey” because of her
previous husband Lord Grey and refuses to call her
Queen.
She is aware of Richard’s true character and asks
Queen Margaret to teach her how to curse her enemies
(IV, iv, 116-117).
Static, flat.
35.
36. He becomes King Henry VII at the end of the play.
He is Richard’s opposite in every way.
He is humble, noble and treats his men as peers.
In the play he is depicted as the savior of England as he
kills Richard, takes the throne and marries Elizabeth
thus uniting Lancasters and Yorks (V, v).
Static, flat.
37. King Edward IV: Richard’s brother. He dies early in the
play.
The Young Princes: Richard’s nephews. They are rather
intelligent and astute. They are murdered in the Tower
of London.
Duke of Clarence: Richard’s brother. He is sent to
prison and killed.
38. Duchess of York: Richard’s mother. She curses Richard
(IV, iv)
Lord Hastings: He refuses to support Richard as he is
loyal to Edward IV.
Young Elizabeth: Queen Elizabeth’s daughter. She
marries Richmond at the end of the play.
39. Style: The style in which it was written is simple and
contains poetic passages, for example, Clarence’s dream
about escaping the Tower of London (where he's locked up
on treason charges) by ship (I 4 9-63). Also, we can see the
use of imagery and symbolism, for example, Richard’s
deformity that can be related to his wicked behavior.
“Lump of foul deformity” ( I 2 58). Shakespeare also made
use of the verse form iambic pentameter,for example in
Richard’s soliloquy: “ made GLORious SUMMer BY this
SUN of YORK” (I 1 2) This presumes that “glorious” is
pronounced more like "GLOR-yus" than "GLOR-e-us,".
“Sun” is a pun in this line, playing upon the word son.
40. Prose: The lower-class characters, like the two
murderers and the citizens, speak in prose. Prose is
less formal than verse, so it's a reflection of their "low"
social status.
Soliloquy: Shakespeare uses it to represent dialogues
between the mind of the character and the audience
and to create a sense of intimacy between them as the
audience is given access to the internal world of the
characters and is able to keep track of and understand
the series of events in the play. For example, Richard
in I 1 1-41, and Tyrrel act IV 3 1-22).
41. Asides: It is a remark that someone makes in a quiet
voice because they do not want everyone to hear it. In
drama, it is heard in this case by the audience but not
by the other characters.
Rhyming couplet: It is a pair of rhyming lines and it is
used to signal the end of the scene or the whole play
and seems to give a sense of completeness.
43. The boar: This symbol portrays Richard’s perverse
character. His personality is very much like the boar;
ferocious and undefeatable. Both the animal and
Richard are considered to be hideous and violent.
Richmond says that Richard is a destructive boar
during his speech at Bosworth Field (V, ii).
Ghosts: They represent death as Richard is visited by
his murder victims in dreams and each of the ghosts
condemns him to death in the battlefield. “Despair
and die” (V, v). Richard’s evil actions come to haunt
him.
44. Richard’s deformity: His physical appearance
emphasizes his sinful nature and monstrosity. In
Richard’s opening soliloquy, he tells the audience that
he is “deformed, unfinish’d” (I, i). This deformity
symbolizes his villainy and moral corruption as in
Shakespeare’s times it was believed that ugliness in
form denoted ugliness in character.
The tower: It is a symbol of suffering and
imprisonment and also of death. Furthermore, the
tower is symbolic of ascent as it connects earth and
heaven. (III, i)
The throne: It is a symbol of power. Richard wants to
be the centre of the kingdom.
45. Saint Paul (I, ii): He was one of Jesus’ apostles.
Julius Caesar: There is a parallelism between Prince
Edward and Julius Caesar who was famous for his
courage and cleverness and who was also murdered in
a conspiracy. “Did Julius Cesar built that place, my
lord?” (III, i).
Nest of Spicery: Richard calls young Elizabeth’s womb
a nest of spicery (IV, iv). It refers to the phoenix, a
mythical bird that builds a nest every 500 years which
is set on fire and as a result a new phoenix emerges
from the ashes.
46. All Souls’ Day: Buckingham’s execution (V, i). Day of
prayer for souls stuck in between Heaven and Hell.
(Salm 37.14-15) “Thus doth he force the swords of
wicked men /to turn their own points in their master´s
bosoms”: It means that evil men will be punished
through their own wickedness by the justice of God
and it clearly refers to Richard (V, i). The only escape is
through repentance and faith in God. Shakespeare
understood that no true penitence exists when the
sinner still clings to his sin or fails to repair the wrong.
47. Saint George (V, iii): Soldier of the Roman Empire and
Christian martyr. He is often depicted on horseback,
which is fitting given Richard's final horseless state,
when Richmond (who had appealed to Saint George)
defeats him.
Proverbs 18:10 “…the name of the horde is a strong
tower”: In other words it is strong, tall, and
unassailable. Richard believes that having the king’s
name means that he will be victorious in battle.
“Besides, the king´s name is a tower of strength” (V, iii)
