The spike proteins of coronaviruses aid in avolding the immune response better than other viruses because They protrude from the virion more than most viruses and prevent lymphocytes from recognizing all of the epitopes They are smaller than those on most other viruses They are embedded in the viral envelope They produce immunosuppresants QUESTION 2 ExtraCorporeal Membranous Oxygenation is a way to aleviate stress on the lungs by performing gas exchange in the blood outside of the body. True False QUESTION 3 SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are similar in that they both target the ACE2 receptor. True False Coronavirus genomes are classifed as +sSRNA-RT-ssRNA+ssRNAdsDNA QUESTION 5 Coronaviruses undero mutation more rapidly than most RNA viruses (aside from Influenza and HIV) because their genome The spike proteins are large Is a single RNA molecule that is separated into smaller pieces It is an enveloped virus They convert RNA into DNA QUESTION 6 The biggest concern with new variants is We don't know if the next variant will be more/less virulent or transmissible We don't know if the next variant will respond to our current antivirals and therapies We don't know if the new variant will mutate enough for the current vaccines to still be effective All of the above Unlike most viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple tissues because The spikes bind to sialic acid which is found only in respiratory cells. All symptoms of viral infections are immunogenic. The spikes bind to ACE2 receptors that are found on multiple tissues/organs. It only infects the respiratory tract and does not reproduce/infect other organs. QUESTION 8 All of the major pathogens in the Coronaviridae Family are found within what Genus? Delta-Coronaviruses Alpha-Coronaviruses Gamma-Coronaviruses Beta-Coronaviruses QUESTION 9 MERS-CoV has had multiple cases in the United States. True False Most cases of COVID-18, including severe cases and deaths, are now almost completely in the unvaccinated population True False QUESTION 11 mRNA vaccines such as the ones made by Plizer and Modema use a virus to deliver the mRNA to host cells. True False QUESTION 12 Tho first Beta-Coronavirus outbreak ever seen in humans occured in and laid the groundwork for the current vaccines. \begin{tabular}{|} \hline 2019 \\ \hline 2002 \\ \hline 2012 \\ \hline 2021 \\ \hline \end{tabular} QUESTION 13 Therpies such as Hydroxychloroquine, Vetamin supplements, and Ivermectin were never tested as possible COVID-19 therapies. True False There have been NO serious complications reported from the mRNA vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna. True False QUESTION 15 We know the exact mechanism of action of each of the current antiviral therapies against COVID-19? True False QUESTION 16 RAAS is involved in primarliy regulating what homeostatic function? Temperature Blood Pressure Inflammation pH Roughly how many coronaviruses have been identified? 101000100 3 QUESTION 18 The most common animal reservoir for coronavirus.

1. The spike proteins of coronaviruses aid in avolding the immune response better than other
viruses because They protrude from the virion more than most viruses and prevent lymphocytes
from recognizing all of the epitopes They are smaller than those on most other viruses They are
embedded in the viral envelope They produce immunosuppresants QUESTION 2 ExtraCorporeal
Membranous Oxygenation is a way to aleviate stress on the lungs by performing gas exchange in
the blood outside of the body. True False QUESTION 3 SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are
similar in that they both target the ACE2 receptor. True False
Coronavirus genomes are classifed as +sSRNA-RT-ssRNA+ssRNAdsDNA QUESTION 5
Coronaviruses undero mutation more rapidly than most RNA viruses (aside from Influenza and
HIV) because their genome The spike proteins are large Is a single RNA molecule that is
separated into smaller pieces It is an enveloped virus They convert RNA into DNA QUESTION
6 The biggest concern with new variants is We don't know if the next variant will be more/less
virulent or transmissible We don't know if the next variant will respond to our current antivirals
and therapies We don't know if the new variant will mutate enough for the current vaccines to
still be effective All of the above
Unlike most viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple tissues because The
spikes bind to sialic acid which is found only in respiratory cells. All symptoms of viral
infections are immunogenic. The spikes bind to ACE2 receptors that are found on multiple
tissues/organs. It only infects the respiratory tract and does not reproduce/infect other organs.
QUESTION 8 All of the major pathogens in the Coronaviridae Family are found within what
Genus? Delta-Coronaviruses Alpha-Coronaviruses Gamma-Coronaviruses Beta-Coronaviruses
QUESTION 9 MERS-CoV has had multiple cases in the United States. True False
Most cases of COVID-18, including severe cases and deaths, are now almost completely in the
unvaccinated population True False QUESTION 11 mRNA vaccines such as the ones made by
Plizer and Modema use a virus to deliver the mRNA to host cells. True False QUESTION 12
Tho first Beta-Coronavirus outbreak ever seen in humans occured in and laid the groundwork for
the current vaccines. begin{tabular}{|} hline 2019 hline 2002 hline 2012 hline 2021
hline end{tabular} QUESTION 13 Therpies such as Hydroxychloroquine, Vetamin
supplements, and Ivermectin were never tested as possible COVID-19 therapies. True False
There have been NO serious complications reported from the mRNA vaccines by Pfizer and
Moderna. True False QUESTION 15 We know the exact mechanism of action of each of the
current antiviral therapies against COVID-19? True False QUESTION 16 RAAS is involved in

2. primarliy regulating what homeostatic function? Temperature Blood Pressure Inflammation pH
Roughly how many coronaviruses have been identified? 101000100 3 QUESTION 18 The most
common animal reservoir for coronaviruses are mice humans bats soil QUESTION 19 The
origins of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been traced back to Live animal markets in
China. The Wuhan coronavirus research lab in China.
Angiotensin-2 causes an increase in Sodium levels in the blood. Why does this help increase
blood pressure? Osmosis. The blood is now ISOTONIC relative to urine so the body will retain
water. Osmosis. The blood is now HYPOTONIC relative to urine and will attract water away
from urine. Osmosis. The blood is now HYPERTONIC relative to urine and will attract water
away from urine. It acts as a DIURETIC which causes the body to secrete water into urine.
QUESTION 21 The most commen serious complication associated with COVID-19 is ARDS
Myocarditis Vasculitis RAAS imbalance QUESTION 22 The R-value of a disease represents
How many vaccine doses are needed to produce effective immunity The severity of an infection
How many people an infected individual typically spreads and infection to The chances that you
will produce symptoms if exposed to a pathogen
Most of the symptams of severe CoViD-19 occur due to a decrease in lympohcyate numbers and
Type a Hypersentilivily hypemensitive innate responses lesding to "oylokine storms" Viral
tawins blocking oel signaling and cbusing cytotoxicly Autoimmunlity reactions QUESTION 24
Ivemectin has bent shown to improve tymploms, prevent disease, and stop viral replicason in
human trials for COVID-19. True False