Discourse

1. Discourse analysis
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Creating social identities
Understanding vision of
the world
Infinite in thought and
speech
Conversation, running of
ideas and exchanges
Is power to shape
(mis)understanding
Interpretation of
language
Written and spoken
language
Comprises semantics
Discourse

2. Verbal
Communication is
the exchange of
information by words.
It has less chance of
confusion and
misunderstanding the
message.
It leads
to prompt interchange
of information.
It doesn't essentially
require the presence of
both the parties at the
same place.
Nonverbal
Communication is the
exchange of
information by
wordless cues.
It has
more chance of
confusion and
misunderstanding
the message.
It can take more time.
It requires the presence
of both the parties at
the same place.
Both are symbolic.
Both are rule guided.
Both can be
intentional or
unintentional. Both
are culture-bound
Nonverbal
Communication
Verbal
Communication

3. is an alphabetical list of
ideas that are in the
book It tells readers
what page the idea is on
friction
Text Features
Special Print
When a word is bold
Italics, or underlined
an important word for
readers to know
Similar to a dictionary.
A glossary helps readers
define words from the
book
Table of Contents
helps readers identify key
topics in the book in the
order they are presented
are words near a picture
or photograph to help
readers better understand
Glossary
are special headings that
help readers know what
the next section of text will be
about
Index
Subtitles
Captions
Text
Features

4. Recognizing Discourse Structure
Decompose text into subunits
Questions:
What type of
structure is
derived?
• Sequential spans,
hierarchical trees,
arbitrary graphs
What is the
granularity of the
subunits?
• Clauses?
Sentences?
Paragraphs?
What information guides
segmentation?
• Local cue phrases? Lexical
cohesion?
- How is the information
modeled? Learned?
How do we measure success?

5. Discourse structure
What
is the world
like?!
What
about the
life of rats?!
The
life of rats is
stressful and
dangerous
What
about rats?!
Who
does what
to rats?
domestic cats
catch rats
What
do cats do
to rats?
Due to the noise
of traffic
By what
are they
made sick?'
They are
made nervous
and become sick

6. Tone Intonation
Tone is the degree of
highness or lowness of
a tone or voice
Intonation is the
variation of the pitch
in the spoken language
There are two main
types of tone as high
tone and low tone
There are three types of
intonations as falling intonation,
rising intonation, and
partial/fall-rise intonation
Tone / Intonation

7. Written Spoken
Can be referred to
many times
Non-interactive
Has to be understood
immediately
Interactive
Not casual
Formal and special
occasions
Casual
Informal and everyday
Written / Spoken Discourse

8. Types of Non-
Verbal
Communication
Body
Language
Tone of Voice
Pitch of Voice
Gestures
Blinking
Eye contact
Facial
Expressions Posture

9. Paralinguistic is a
feature to speak
nonverbally (words are
not used)
Quality
Volume Pace/Rate
Articulation
Pitch
Paralinguistic Feature of Communication

10. Phonetic features
look beyond the individual
segments at the sound
system of language.
correspond to physical
articulatory or acoustic
events
Phonological features
features to characterize speech
sounds in the languages of the
world.
some features are relevant only
for consonants; others are only
for vowels.

11. Traditional Literature: Stories that are passed down
from one group to another in history. This includes
folktales, legends, fables, fairy tales, tall tales, and
myths from different cultures.
Realistic Fiction: A story using made-up characters
that could happen in real life.
Mystery: A suspenseful story about a puzzling event
that is not solved until the end of the story.
Fantasy: A story including elements that are
impossible such as talking animals or magical powers.
Make-believe is what this genre is all about.
Historical Fiction: A story including elements that
are impossible such as talking animals or magical
powers.
Informational: Texts that provide facts about a
variety of topics (sports, animals, science, history,
careers, travel, geography, space, weather, etc.)
Biography: The story of a real person's life written by
another person
Autobiography: The story of a real person's life that
is written by that person
Other Genre
Poetry: Poetry is verse written to create a response of
thought and feeling from the reader, It often uses
rhythm and rhyme to help convey its meaning.

12. Text
Types
Narrative Descriptive
Narrative texts have to do with
time. What is characteristic is the
passing, the sequencing of time
events. There is the use of dynamic
verbs and adverbials such as, and,
then, first, second, lastly and many
others..
Example: First we went to the
airport, then we had a
coffee and after the check-in
we caught the plane.
Example: The room was quite
large with mirrors everywhere,
but the strange was that those
mirrors were all veiled with
black and thick curtains.
Descriptive texts are concerned
with the setting of people and things
in space. State/stative/static verbs
and usually adjectives are used, In
descriptions there is no passing of
time.

13. Generally classroom discourse consists of different types of written
and spoken communication that happen in the teaching and
learning process in the classroom.
Arguing
Debating
Disagreeing
Agreeing
Expressing
Reflecting
Thinking
Constructive classroom
Classroom Discourse

14. Word Stress Patterns
-tion
One syllable before
eMOtion
accomoDAtion
situAtion
-ate
Two syllables before
GRAduate
DEcorate
auTHENticate
Nouns: usually first
syllable
Verbs: usually
second syllable
PREsent
REpeat
INcrease
REcord
REfund
preSENT
rePEAT
inCREASE
reCORD
reFUND
Two syllables
Suffix