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fgdfgdfgdfgdfsIntroIntro
Page 1 of 2
Probation and Parole
©2012 Argosy University Online Programs
The Evolution of the Federal Probation System
The following timeline highlights key historical events related
to the federal probation system.
1925 President Calvin Coolidge signs the Probation Act of
1925, establishing probation as a sentence in the
federal courts.
1927 The first federal probation officer, Richard McSweeney, is
appointed in the District of Massachusetts.
1930 Congress creates the National Parole Board and amends
the Probation Act to give the responsibility of
supervising federal parolees to officers.
1937 The first issue of the scholarly journal Federal Probation
is published.
1943 The first policy monograph, The Presentence Investigation
Report, tells officers how to conduct
presentence investigations and prepare reports.
1946 Officers take on the duty of investigating the parole plans
of Army and Air Force prisoners and
supervising them following their release from disciplinary
barracks.
1950 A national training center is established in Chicago to
provide officers with orientation and refresher
training.
1955 Officers form their own professional organization, the
Federal Probation Officers Association.
1963 The Judicial Conference of the United States forms a
permanent committee—the Committee on the
Administration of the Probation System—to address probation
system issues.
1975 Pretrial services agencies are established as an experiment
in ten districts. The Judicial Conference of
the United States adopts a policy that allows each district court
to decide whether officers should carry
firearms.
1978 Congress gives the Director of the Administrative Office
of the US Courts the authority to provide
contract aftercare treatment services to drug-dependent persons
under probation system supervision.
1982 President Ronald Reagan signs the Pretrial Services Act,
which authorizes expansion of pretrial
services to each district court.
fgdfgdfgdfgdfsIntroIntro
Page 2 of 2
Probation and Parole
©2012 Argosy University Online Programs
1984 The Bail Reform Act allows judges to consider danger to
the community as a factor in deciding whether
to release or detain persons awaiting trial.
1986 The Sentencing Reform Act fundamentally changes the
sentencing process in the federal courts.
1986 US Probation Officer Thomas Gahl (Southern District of
Indiana) is killed in the line of duty.
1986 The home confinement program is launched in the federal
courts.
1989 Most persons under supervision of federal probation
officers are not sentenced to probation, but
sentenced to prison terms to be followed by community
supervision.
1999 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts a
policy requiring updated background
investigations for officers and officer assistants.
2000 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts a
workplace drug testing program for officers and
officer assistants and a zero-tolerance policy for the use of
controlled substances.
2001 Officers take on the responsibility of obtaining DNA
samples from persons under their supervision who
have been convicted of certain crimes.
2002 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts
medical requirements and guidelines for officers
and officer assistants.
2005 A national training academy for new officers is
established at the Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center (FLETC) in Charleston, South Carolina.
Reference: United States Court. (n.d.). Probation and pretrial
services. Retrieved from
http://www.uscourts.gov/federalcourts/ProbationPretrialServices
/History.aspx
The Evolution of the Federal Probation System

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fgdfgdfgdfgdfsIntroIntro Page 1 of 2 Probation and Parol.docx

  • 1. fgdfgdfgdfgdfsIntroIntro Page 1 of 2 Probation and Parole ©2012 Argosy University Online Programs The Evolution of the Federal Probation System The following timeline highlights key historical events related to the federal probation system. 1925 President Calvin Coolidge signs the Probation Act of 1925, establishing probation as a sentence in the federal courts. 1927 The first federal probation officer, Richard McSweeney, is appointed in the District of Massachusetts. 1930 Congress creates the National Parole Board and amends the Probation Act to give the responsibility of supervising federal parolees to officers. 1937 The first issue of the scholarly journal Federal Probation is published.
  • 2. 1943 The first policy monograph, The Presentence Investigation Report, tells officers how to conduct presentence investigations and prepare reports. 1946 Officers take on the duty of investigating the parole plans of Army and Air Force prisoners and supervising them following their release from disciplinary barracks. 1950 A national training center is established in Chicago to provide officers with orientation and refresher training. 1955 Officers form their own professional organization, the Federal Probation Officers Association. 1963 The Judicial Conference of the United States forms a permanent committee—the Committee on the Administration of the Probation System—to address probation system issues. 1975 Pretrial services agencies are established as an experiment in ten districts. The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts a policy that allows each district court to decide whether officers should carry firearms. 1978 Congress gives the Director of the Administrative Office of the US Courts the authority to provide
  • 3. contract aftercare treatment services to drug-dependent persons under probation system supervision. 1982 President Ronald Reagan signs the Pretrial Services Act, which authorizes expansion of pretrial services to each district court. fgdfgdfgdfgdfsIntroIntro Page 2 of 2 Probation and Parole ©2012 Argosy University Online Programs 1984 The Bail Reform Act allows judges to consider danger to the community as a factor in deciding whether to release or detain persons awaiting trial. 1986 The Sentencing Reform Act fundamentally changes the sentencing process in the federal courts. 1986 US Probation Officer Thomas Gahl (Southern District of Indiana) is killed in the line of duty. 1986 The home confinement program is launched in the federal
  • 4. courts. 1989 Most persons under supervision of federal probation officers are not sentenced to probation, but sentenced to prison terms to be followed by community supervision. 1999 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts a policy requiring updated background investigations for officers and officer assistants. 2000 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts a workplace drug testing program for officers and officer assistants and a zero-tolerance policy for the use of controlled substances. 2001 Officers take on the responsibility of obtaining DNA samples from persons under their supervision who have been convicted of certain crimes. 2002 The Judicial Conference of the United States adopts medical requirements and guidelines for officers and officer assistants. 2005 A national training academy for new officers is established at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Charleston, South Carolina. Reference: United States Court. (n.d.). Probation and pretrial services. Retrieved from