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RocDyn-3 Conference_25-29 June 2018, Trondheim, Norway Presentation: Rockburst Management in Deep South African Mines

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1 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) 1 ROCKBURSTMANAGEMENTIN DEEP SOUTHAFRICAN MINES William Joughin Shaun Murphy Lindsay Linzer Rock Dynamics and Applications © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved. RockDyn-3
2 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Overview • Brief introduction to South African deep mines • Rockburst support systems • Mine design • Support design • Seismic hazard assessment?
3 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Witwatersrand Goldfields
4 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Witwatersrand Geology
5 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mining of narrow tabular reefs at depth
6 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mining of narrow tabular reefs at depth Pneumatic hand held drills and airlegs Scrapers pulled by winches
7 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Engineered timber props (elongates) Timber packs on gullies Backfill
8 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Engineered timber props (elongates) Backfill
9 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Backfill Yielding support element Yield after 2.5 event Rockburst support systems (stope) Performance during a seismic event Footwall/floor Hangingwall/roof Total closure (no backfill)
10 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Before After 2.8 event Rockburst support systems (stope) Performance during a seismic event
11 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Hangingwall failure between support
12 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Bolts installed in 1m stope height Rockburst support systems (stope)
13 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) High tensile steel netting Rapid Yielding Hydraulic Props Extensions???
14 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope)
15 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel)
16 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Chain link (diamond) mesh and lacing (de-stranded high tensile hoist rope)
17 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Failed bolts (insufficient energy absorption)
18 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Extreme damage
19 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Tunnel after 2.8 mag. event in close proximity Rockburst support systems (tunnel)
20 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Tunnel support with circular sets and foam cement (0.3 MPa strength – “shock absorber”)
21 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Tunnel support with circular sets and foam cement (0.3 MPa strength – “shock absorber”)
22 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (layouts) Mined out (green) CLR Planned mining Planned development VCR Planned mining West Section East Section
23 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (limiting span – closure) ERR = ½  Mo  GA
24 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (sequence)
25 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support Design (tunnel stress) Similar to CRH and Martin et. al. 1999
26 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (geological structures) Major faults and dykes Circular sets and foam cement
27 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Map PPV due to ML = 1.9 onto excavation surfaces PPV (m/s) Wesseloo 2012 Ground motion data Support design (PPV)
28 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (modelling of PPV) Malovicho & Basson, 2014 Malovicho, 2017 Adaptation of Salamon-Linkov Method
29 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (dynamic capacity)
30 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (dynamic capacity)
31 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Seismic hazard (daily) Prediction?
32 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Seismic hazard (daily) Traffic light system Red = withdrawal?
33 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Acknowledgements • AngloGold Ashanti • Australian Centre for Gomechanics (ACG) • New Concept Mining (NCM) • Institute of Mine Seismology (IMS)

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Rockdyn3 Conference_William Joughin

  • 1. 1 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) 1 ROCKBURSTMANAGEMENTIN DEEP SOUTHAFRICAN MINES William Joughin Shaun Murphy Lindsay Linzer Rock Dynamics and Applications © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved. RockDyn-3
  • 2. 2 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Overview • Brief introduction to South African deep mines • Rockburst support systems • Mine design • Support design • Seismic hazard assessment?
  • 3. 3 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Witwatersrand Goldfields
  • 4. 4 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Witwatersrand Geology
  • 5. 5 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mining of narrow tabular reefs at depth
  • 6. 6 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mining of narrow tabular reefs at depth Pneumatic hand held drills and airlegs Scrapers pulled by winches
  • 7. 7 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Engineered timber props (elongates) Timber packs on gullies Backfill
  • 8. 8 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Engineered timber props (elongates) Backfill
  • 9. 9 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Backfill Yielding support element Yield after 2.5 event Rockburst support systems (stope) Performance during a seismic event Footwall/floor Hangingwall/roof Total closure (no backfill)
  • 10. 10 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Before After 2.8 event Rockburst support systems (stope) Performance during a seismic event
  • 11. 11 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) Hangingwall failure between support
  • 12. 12 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Bolts installed in 1m stope height Rockburst support systems (stope)
  • 13. 13 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope) High tensile steel netting Rapid Yielding Hydraulic Props Extensions???
  • 14. 14 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (stope)
  • 15. 15 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel)
  • 16. 16 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Chain link (diamond) mesh and lacing (de-stranded high tensile hoist rope)
  • 17. 17 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Failed bolts (insufficient energy absorption)
  • 18. 18 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Extreme damage
  • 19. 19 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Tunnel after 2.8 mag. event in close proximity Rockburst support systems (tunnel)
  • 20. 20 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Tunnel support with circular sets and foam cement (0.3 MPa strength – “shock absorber”)
  • 21. 21 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Rockburst support systems (tunnel) Tunnel support with circular sets and foam cement (0.3 MPa strength – “shock absorber”)
  • 22. 22 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (layouts) Mined out (green) CLR Planned mining Planned development VCR Planned mining West Section East Section
  • 23. 23 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (limiting span – closure) ERR = ½  Mo  GA
  • 24. 24 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Mine Design (sequence)
  • 25. 25 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support Design (tunnel stress) Similar to CRH and Martin et. al. 1999
  • 26. 26 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (geological structures) Major faults and dykes Circular sets and foam cement
  • 27. 27 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Map PPV due to ML = 1.9 onto excavation surfaces PPV (m/s) Wesseloo 2012 Ground motion data Support design (PPV)
  • 28. 28 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (modelling of PPV) Malovicho & Basson, 2014 Malovicho, 2017 Adaptation of Salamon-Linkov Method
  • 29. 29 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (dynamic capacity)
  • 30. 30 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Support design (dynamic capacity)
  • 31. 31 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Seismic hazard (daily) Prediction?
  • 32. 32 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Seismic hazard (daily) Traffic light system Red = withdrawal?
  • 33. 33 © SRK Consulting (SA) Ltd 2018. All rights reserved.Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3) Acknowledgements • AngloGold Ashanti • Australian Centre for Gomechanics (ACG) • New Concept Mining (NCM) • Institute of Mine Seismology (IMS)