Potential for Novel Health Ingredients Creation in Red Loamy Soil Regions - India

Title slide
Extracted from Crops/Plants
Cultivable in
Red Loamy Soils
INDIA
Novel Agri-Products/Ingredients
for
Health Benefits

2 of 39Novel Agri-Products from Crops/Plants Cultivated in Red Loamy Soils - India RS/Jun 20
*There is a good potential for creation of
novel ingredients with ample health
benefits from agri-products derived from
crops/plants cultivated in the Red Loamy
Soil regions in India.

3 Of 39Novel Agri-Products from Crops/Plants Cultivated in Red Loamy Soils - India RS/Jun 2020
Red Loamy Soils in India are mainly found in Karnataka (Shimoga, Chikmaglur and Hassan districts),
Andhra Pradesh (Rayalaseema),Telangana [whole Telangana], eastern Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Jharkhand
(Chotanagpur), Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Chhindwara), Rajasthan
(Banswara, Bhilwara, Bundi, Chittaurgarh, Kota and Ajmer districts), Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur and
Nagaland states. (Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_soil#Distribution)
Red Loamy Soil Regions – India
(The representative map shown below is an approximate sketch
made for illustration purpose only)

Novel Agri-Products/Ingredients for Health Benefits
 This presentation aims to detail crops/plants of various commercial
categories (vegetables, fruits, flowers, spices, aromatic/medicinal and
other important types) cultivable in the red loamy soil regions in India
and to reveal their novel and beneficial ingredients for exploitation as
commercially viable health ingredients.
 Several agri-products/ingredients manufacturing industries in India
for example, Kancor Ingredients (Mane), E.I.D Parry, Arjuna Natural
Extracts, Synthite and several others have been active in exploiting the
agri-produce for food and non-food applications.
 Tremendous amounts of agri-wastes generated during processing
and due to storage/shelf-life issues can be valorized in this regard for
exploitation in India.
 It is imperative that optimal extraction process and modern
technology needs to be implemented to derive novel and valuable
health ingredients by the concerned industries.

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Red Loamy Soil Regions – India Genesis for
Novel Agri-Products imparting Food & Health Benefits
Novel Agri-Products from Crops/Plants Cultivated in Red Loamy Soils - India RS/Jun 2020
Wastes generated during
and after processing
Processed
products
Bioactive compounds (BAC) and value
added products are produced through
extraction and solid state fermentation
Applications in Health & Functional Food Industry
Food /Agricultural Produce

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Agri-Products as Novel, Beneficial Ingredients
Agri-Products provide excellent ingredients such as
 Pigments
 Phenolic compounds (e.g., anthocyanins,
phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols and tannins)
 Dietary fibers
 Sugar derivatives
 Organic acids (mainly ascorbic acid) and
 Minerals among other components

Examples of Phytochemicals - Pigments, Essential Oils & Oleoresins
manufactured in India from various Crops/Plants for Health Benefits

Examples of Phytochemicals /Nutraceuticals manufactured in India from
various Crops/Plants for Health Benefits

Examples of Phytochemicals/Phytonutrients/Additive Ingredients
Manufactured in India from various Crops/Plants for Health Benefits

Few examples of Ingredients manufactured in India
from Fruit Extracts for Health Benefits

Few examples of Ingredients from Vegetable Crop/Plant Extracts
Marketed in India for Health & Personal Care Benefits

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Agri-Products as Novel Ingredients for Health Benefits
Novel Ingredients’ multiple health benefits include
• Antioxidant
• Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Anti-Protozoal
• Anti-diabetic, Hypoglycemic
• Anti-diarrheal
• Diuretic, Hypotensive
• Antispasmodic, Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-carcinogenic, Anti-mutagenic
• Anti-asthmatic
• Anti-amnesic, Neuro protective
• Hepato protective
• Immuno modulatory
• Urease / Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors
• Pre-biotic properties

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Novel Ingredients from Agri-Products as
Biologically Active Compounds (BAC)
BAC can be derived from various medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, their
wastes and by-products.
Wastes remaining after food processing (skins, pomace, kernels, stones and
seeds) have the potential to provide valuable and sustainable raw material
for economic and eco-friendly production of health products.
BAC include an extremely diverse
 Class of compounds - polyphenols, tocopherols, organosulfur
compounds, carotenoids, etc.
 Chemical structures (hydrophilic or lipophilic)
 Distribution in nature (specific to fruit/vegetable/medicinal plant sp.)
 Range of concentrations and biological action.

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Optimal Extraction of Novel Agri-Products
Extraction Process
 Plant extracts rich with BAC have been produced by conventional
extraction.
 The extraction process necessitates the use food compatible solvents
as water, ethanol or mixtures of them.
 Thermal treatments are generally necessary to inactivate enzymes
that can degrade the phytochemicals during the extraction process.
 The extracts obtained need to be concentrated and spray dried or
freeze dried as per feasibility and depending on the price for them in
the market.
 In some cases, the extract purification is done through non-ionic
polymeric resins to concentrate the phytochemicals before drying.

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Optimal Extraction of Novel Agri-Products
Optimal Extraction Processes
 Application of an optimal extraction procedure efficiently extracts
the target compounds from the fresh raw materials in desired
concentrations with high biological value.
 Modern sustainable methods aligned with “green” concepts provide
raw materials on industrial scale with optimal expenditure of energy
and chemicals.
 Supercritical fluids extraction (SFE)
 Microwave-assisted extraction (MWE)
 Ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE)
 High-pressure assisted extraction (HPE)
 High voltage electric discharges assisted extraction (HVE)
 Pulse electric fields assisted extraction (PEE)
 Choice of best extraction process is made based on the polarity of the
BAC to be obtained.

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Suitable Extraction of Beneficial Ingredients
Extraction Technology for various Ingredients
 Polysaccharides are extracted from pulp by conventional extraction
using hot water and ethanol as solvents.
 Pectin is obtained additionally from the same part of the plant but
with the application of enzymatic extraction.
 Oils from seeds are best obtained by conventional extraction with a
suitable solvent or with SFE procedures using CO2 which limit thermal
degradation and hydrolytic processes.
 Carotenoids can be lost with exposure to harsh thermal treatments.
Innovative technologies such as HPE and PEE preserve the native
contents of carotenoids in vegetables and other foods.

Agri-Products from Vegetables Category of Crops – Examples
Allium species
 Allium sp. (e.g., Onion, garlic, leeks, and chives) is an important
vegetable representative known for its organosulfur compounds (OSC) while
they also contain high amounts of flavonoids, steroidal saponins, and
phytosterols.
Garlic cloves contain Allicin & Allin in their clove portions.
 Onion including its peels are wasted in very substantial amounts.
According to an estimate, in European Union annually 450,000 tons are
wasted.
 Onion wastes are a source of flavor components and fiber compounds
and particularly rich in quercetin glycosides. The major flavonoids of mature
onion bulbs are quercetin 3,4’-diglucoside and quercetin 4’-monoglucoside.

Agri-Products from Vegetables Category of Crops/Plants –
Examples
Tomato
Considerable amounts of Tomato produce is wasted as it is. About 3–7% of
the raw material is lost as waste during tomato juice pressing. The seeds
account for approximately 10% of the fruit and 60% of the total waste,
respectively. Tomato skin extract is rich in Lycopene and β-carotene.
Cauliflower
Cauliflower byproduct extracts contain flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic
acids (caffeic acid and sinapic acid) along with different combinations of
flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin compounds viz., kaempferol-3-
-sophoroside- 7--glucoside and its sinapoyl derivative (kaempferol-3--
(sinapoylsophoroside)-7-Oglucoside.
Leafy green vegetables contain mostly Lutein and Zeaxanthin.

Agri-Products from Fruits Category of Crops/Plants –
Examples
Citrus
Citrus/Lemon peel & wastes are rich in various valuable
 Phytochemicals
 Limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, naringin and hesperidin
 Eriocitrin, narirutin, neohesperidin, quercitrin, eridictyol,
didymin, naringenin, luteolin, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin
 Limonoids (chemo preventive agents for protection of the lungs)
 Essential oils
 Polysaccharides, Sugars
 Xylan and Pectin-like structures (anticytotoxic compounds)
 Dietary fiber
 Ascorbic acid
Orange pomace is rich in fibre suitable for applications requiring high
water hydration capacity (4.40 mL/g).

Agri-Products from Fruits Category of Crops - Example
Grapes
Grape pomace resulting during processing has various polyphenolic
antioxidants as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenolic alcohols, stilbenes,
and lignans.
Grape pomace is an economic source of polyphenols (extracted by the
50% ethanol) which can be used for the production of nutraceuticals/
functional foods. Grape seed extracts (GSE) are being incorporated
extensively in nutritional supplements for their antioxidant activity.
Grape pomace is very useful for the products of ethanol, tartrates and
malates, citric acid, grape seed oil, hydrocolloids and dietary fibre.

Agri-Products from Herbs/Medicinal Plants Category
-Example
Aloe vera
Aloe is used extensively in many medicinal and therapeutic remedies.
Aloe extract gel very rich in polysaccharide and glucoside structures
exhibits very good antioxidant activity comparable to that of
synthetic butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT).
Aloe contains Saponins in abundance which are useful as “natural
detergents”. Saponins inhibit the multiplication of cancer cells by
interfering with their DNA.

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Fruit Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Sweet Lime P
(Citrus limetta)
SDP
Pulp, Peel
Pectin; Essential Oils (d-Limonene)
Hesperidin
Pomelo P
(Citrus grandi)
EDP
Pulp, Peel
Naringenin, Naringin, Lycopene
Essential Oils; Ascorbic acid
Lemon/ Citrus Lime P
(Citrus aurantifolia)
SDP; EDP
Pulp, Peel
Pectin, Fiber; Essential oils
Limonoids; Terpenoids
Banana P
(Musa sp.)
SDP; EDP
Pulp: Peel
Stem; Flower
Leaves
Polyphenols, Biogenic Amines,
Carotenoids, Phytosterols
Lectin, Potassium
Cashew P
(Anacardium occidentale)
EDP
Pulp, Kernel,
Testa, Hard Shell
Phytonutrients/ Phytochemicals
Tannins, Cashew shell liquid
SDP: Spray Dried Powder EDP: Extraction derived products
P Used in Un-Processed form

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Products
Novel Products
Coconut P
(Cocos nucifera)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Endosperm
Kernel, Flower, Fiber
Nutrient Minerals
Virgin coconut oil; Fatty acids
Phytohormones; Phytochemicals
Mango P
(Mangifera indica)
SDP; EDP
Pulp; Peel, Leaves
Seed Kernel
Stem bark
Special Polyphenol-Mangiferin
Mangiferonic acid, hydroxymangiferin,
Gallic acid, Carotenoids, Essential oils,
Enzymes, Pectin, Ascorbic acid
Papaya P
(Carica papaya)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Seeds
Stem, Leaves
Carotenoids – Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β-
Carotene, Cryptoxanthin;
Latex-Papain; Alkaloid-Carpaine
Saponins, Phenolics, Cardenolides
Water Melon P
(Citrulus lanatus)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Seeds
Rind
Lycopene, Phenolics, Flavonoids,
Ascorbic acid; Seed Oil, Phytosterols,
Tocopherols

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Products
Novel Products
Ber/Jujube P
(Zizyphus sp.)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Skin, Seed
Flavonoids, polysaccharides,
Triterpenic acid; cAMP (nucleotide)
Jujuboside
Guava P
(Psidium guajava)
SDP; EDP
Pulp. Leaves
Polyphenols - Flavonoids
Essential Oils – Cineol, Triterpenes,
Eugenol; Carotenoids-Lycopene
Ascorbic acid
Jambul /Jamoon P
(Syzygium cumini)
SDP; EDP
Pulp. Seed
Leaves
Phytochemicals- Tannins, Cynidin
glycoside, Oleanolic acid, Flavonoids,
Essential Oils, Betulinic acid, Friedelin
Grape P
(Vitis vinifera)
SDP; EDP
Pomace, skin,
Seed
Polyphenols, Rutin, Seed oil extract,
Resveratrol

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Products
Novel Products
Custard Apple P
(Annona sp.)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Seed, Root,
Leaves, Bark
Ascorbic acid; Phenolics,
Acetogenins; Asimicin, Bullatacin
Jack fruit P
(Artocarpus
heterophyllus)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Seed
Phytonutrients, Flavonoids, Flavones,
Carotenoids, Ascorbic acid, Lectin-
Jackin
Pine Apple P
(Ananas sativus)
SDP; EDP
Fruit pulp, Peel
Bromelain, β-Carotenes
Ascorbic acid, Polyphenols
Pomegranate P
(Punica granatum)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Arils, Peel
Seeds
Phytonutrients; Seed Oil;
Polyphenols; Flavonoids,
Ellagitannins, proanthocyanidin

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Products
Novel Products
Chikoo/Sapota P
(Manilkara zapota)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Peel, Seeds
Phenolics, Flavonoids, Ascorbic acid
Seed Oil
Noni
(Morinda citrifolia)
EDP
Fruit unripe
Seed, Leaves
Saponins; Flavonoid-Rutin;
Scopoletin (Coumarin derivative)
Anthraquinones; iridoid glycosides;
Seed Oil; volatile compounds
Tamarind P SDP; EDP
Fruit pulp, Seed,
Leaves, Bark
Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Flavonols,
Carotenoids, alkaloids, Ascorbic acid
Polysaccharides, Gums; Seed oil

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ND: Natural Dye NFD: Natural Food Dye EDP: Extraction derived products
Flower Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Asters P
(Aster sp.)
ND; EDP
Flowers
Leaves, Roots
Essential Oils; Saponins, tannins,
flavonoids, Syringic acid
Golden Rod P
(Solidago sp.)
ND; EDP
Flowers
Roots
Flavonoids-hyperoside, rutin, astragalin;
polyphenoic acids-Rosemarinic &
Chlorogenic acids; Solidagenones
Chrysanthemum P
(Chrysanthemum sp.)
EDP
Flowers, Leaves
Pyrethroids, phenolics, sterols, luteolin,
Rutin, Quinic acid, polyacetylenic acid
Marigolds P
(Tagetes sp.)
NFD; EDP
Flowers. Leaves
Phenolics; Alkaloids; Flavonoids; Rutin,
Quercetin; Lutein esters; Essential Oil
Annatto
(Bixa orellana)
NFD; EDP
Seeds, Leaves
Carotenoids – Bixin; Polyphenols -
Hypolatin and Caffeic acid; Annatto Oil

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ND: Natural Dye NFD: Natural Food Dye EDP: Extraction derived products
Flower Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Hibiscus P
(Hibiscus sp.)
NFD; EDP
Flower
Leaves
Hibiscus Oil; Anthocyanins – Cyanidin, delphinidin-3-
sambubioside; flavonoids - gossypitrin, hibiscitrin;
organic acids, chlorogenic acid, polysaccharides
Henna P
( Lawsonia inermis)
ND; EDP
Leaves
Hair dye - Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-
naphthoquinone); Henna Oil
Indian MadderP
(Rubia Cordifolia)
ND ; EDP
Roots, Stem
Pigment; Anthraquinones, Naphthoquinones -
Glycosides; Terpenes; Purpurin, munjistin,
xanthopurpurin, pseudopurpurin; Manjishta Oil
Rose P
(Rosa sp.)
SDP
Flowers
Leaves
Anthocyanins, Phenolic compounds, Carotenoids,
Ascorbic acid; Essential Oil, Volatiles - Linalool,
Citronellol
Jasmine P
(Jasminum sp.)
EDP
Flowers
Leaves
Essential Oil; Volatiles; alkaloids, steroids, saponins,
flavonoids; 2-Phenylthiolane, Cyclohexene, 3-
ethenyl- , N-Methylallylamine, Propanamide,
Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester

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FGSDP: Fresh Green Spray Dried Powder
VP: Vegetable Powder EDP: Extraction derived products
Vegetable Crops Processed
Products
Novel Products
Plantain (raw) P
(Musa sp.)
EDP; VP
Fruit, Leaves
Stem, Flower
Carotenoids; Phenolic compounds
Alkaloids; Ascorbic acid
Cucumber P
(Cucumis sp.)
EDP
Fruit, Peel,
Seeds
Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins,
Steroids; Essential Oils
Bitter Gourd P
(Momordica charantia)
FGSDP; EDP
Fruit, Seed,
Leaves
Phenols, Flavonoids, Terpenes–
Charantin; Glucosinolates,
Anthroquinones; Essential Oil
Bell Pepper P
(Capsicum fruitesens)
SDP; NFD
Fruit, seed,
Leaves
Carotenoids, Tocopherols,
Capsaicinoids, Flavonoids-Quercetin,
Luteolin, Essential Oils

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FGSDP: Fresh Green Spray Dried Powder EDP: Extraction derived products
Products
Novel Products
Drumstick P
(Moringa oleifera)
FGSDP
Root, Bark
Seed, Leaves
Ben oil; saponins, Pterygospermin,vMoringin,
Moringinine Glucosinolate precursors
Phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids,
isothiocyanates, glucosinolates, carotenoids
Cauliflower P
(Brassia oleracea
Var. Botrytis)
EDP; SDP
Leaves, Stems
Polyphenols - protocatechuic acid, quercetin,
pyrogallol, vanillic acid, coumaric acid,
kaempferol; carotenoids, flavonoids, ascorbic
Tomato P
(Lycopersicon
esculentum)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, skin
seeds
Lycopene, β-Carotene, Polyphenols -
chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acid, rutin
Brinjal P
(Solanum melongena)
SDP; EDP
Fruits, Peel
Leaves
Anthocyanins (derivatives of delphinidin,
cyanidin, malvidin, petunidin….); Phenolics-
Flavonoids; alkaloids, steroids

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VP: Vegetable Powder EDP: Extraction derived products
Products
Novel Products
Peas P
(Pisum sativum)
FGSDP; EDP
Cotyledons, pods
Polyphenols, Flavonoids; β-Sitosterol
Onion P
(Allium cepa)
SDP; EDP
Stem/bulb, leaves
Organosulfur compounds; flavonoids;
steroidal saponins; phytosterols
Carrots P
(Daucus carota)
VP; SDP; EDP
Pomace, peel
Polyphenols, Uronic acids; Essential Oil;
Carotenes (α, β), Cryptoxanthin
Amaranth P
(Amaranth sp.)
FGSDP; EDP; NFD
Leaves
Betalains, Betacyanins, Betaxanthines;
Phenolic acids
Bhendi/Okra P
(Abelmoschus
esculentus)
EDP; SDP
Pod, Peel, flower,
Seed, Leaves
Polyphenols, Phytosterols, mucilage-
polysaccharides, Gums, Fibre, Seed Oil,
Carotene, Ascorbic acid, Oxalic acid
Sweet Potato P
(Ipomoea batata)
EDP; SDP
Root, Leaves
Phenolic acids, anthocyanins, Triterpenes,
carotenes, Flavonoids, Tannins, Fiber,
4-ipomeanol

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Products
Novel Products
Cabbage (Green) P
(Brassia oleracea Var. Capitata)
EDP
Leaves
Indoles; Isothiocyanates; carotenoids;
Chlorophylls; phenolics, glucosinolates
Beet root P
(Beta vulgaris)
SDP; EDP; NFD
Root, Peel, Leaves
Betalains; ascorbic acid; carotenoids;
polyphenols; flavonoids; saponins
Spinach P
(Spinacia oleracea)
FGSDP; EDP; NFD
Leaves, Seeds
Chlorophyllin; Lutein, Zeaxanthin;
flavonoids; phenolic acids; Seed Oil
Indian Beans P
(Dolichos lablab)
EDP
Pod, seeds, peel
leaves
A Protein (Insulin like); Lectin; Steroids,
essential oils, flavonoids, phenols;
tannins; anthanoids, glycosides…..
French Bean P
(Phaseolus vulgaris)
EDP
Pod, seeds, peel
leaves
Flavonoids, anthocyanins, polyphenols,
tannins, flavones; Saponins;
Pumpkin P
(Cucurbita sp.)
EDP
Pulp, Peel, Seeds
Phytosterols; carotenoids; fixed oils
polysaccharides, pectin proteins
NFD: Natural Food Dye EDP: Extraction derived products

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FGSDP: Fresh Green Spray Dried Powder EDP: Extraction derived products NFD: Natural Food Dye
Spice Crops Processed
Products
Novel Products
Ginger P
(Zingiber officinale)
FGSDP; EDP
Rhizomes, Leaves
Essential Oil; Oleo resins; phenolics-gingerols,
shogaols, paradols, Zingiberene; terpenes
Garlic P
(Allivum sativum)
SDP; EDP
Bulbs, Leaves
Thiosulfinates-alliin, methiin, propiin; cyclic
organosulfur compounds; Polyphenols,
tannins, flavonoids
Fenugreek P
(Trigonella sp.)
SDP; EDP
Seeds, Leaves
Stem
Essential Oil; Oleo resins; Diosgenin;
Steroidal Saponins; Fiber; Gums; Alkaloids-
Trigonellin
Curry leaves P
(Murraya koenigii)
FGSDP
Leaves, flower,
seeds, bark
Polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, Essential
Oils - coumarine, bicyclo mahanimbicine,
phebalosin, linalool
Chilli P
(Capsicum sp.)
FGSDP; NFD; EDP
Fruits, Leaves,
Seeds
Oleoresins, Capsaicinoids; carotenoids,
flavonoids, Volatiles, ascorbic acid,
tocopherol
Turmeric P
(Curcuma longa)
NFD; EDP
Rhizome, Leaves
Terpenes-Curcumin; Essential Oil; Flavonoids,
Phenolic compounds- Calebin-A, vanillic acid,
vanillin, quercetin
Agri-Products from Crops/Plants cultivated in Red Loamy Soils - India RS/Jun 2020

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Medicinal Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Safed Musli/Golden Root
(Chlorophytum borivilianum)
EDP
Root, Stem
Fruits, Leaves
Phenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids,
tannins, steroids, triterpenoids
Aswagandha
(Withania somnifera)
EDP
Root
Alkaloids; Steroidal lactones–Withaferin,
deoxy withastramonolide, withanolide,
Saponins
Bhumi Amla
(Phylanthus niruri)
EDP
Leaves
Alkaloids, Glycosides; Flavonoids; Lignans-
Phyllanthin, Sterols, Tannins, Triterpenes,
volatile oils
Guggulu
(Commiphora wightii)
EDP
Leaves, stem,
root, bark
Oleo gum resin; alkaloids, phenols,
quinones, flavonoids, saponins
Psylium (Isabgol)
(Plantago ovata)
EDP
Seeds, husk,
Leaves
Soluble fiber - Arabinoxylan; Phenolic
compounds – Acetoside; Isoacetoside;
Polysachharides; Triterpenes; Flavonoids
Atimadhuram/ Licorice
(Glycyzrrhiza glabra)
EDP
Roots, Leaves
Triterpene Saponins; Flavonoids;
Glycyrrhizin; pinocembrin, glabranin,
licoflavanone; dihydrostilbenes
EDP: Extraction derived products

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Products
Novel Products
Brahmi
(Bacopa monnieri)
EDP
Herb, Leaves
Saponins –Bacosides, Hersaponin, apigenin,
monnierasides, plantainoside, cucurbitacin;
Alkaloids - brahmine, herpestine, nicotine
Aloe Vera
(Aloe Barbadensis M.)
EDP
Pulp, Leaves
Phytochemicals; Saponins, gum resin,
Glycoside Barbaloin, iso Barbaloin and β
Barbaloin; Aloesin and volatile oils, Emodine,
Chryphanic acid
Veld Grape
(Cissus quadrangularis)
EDP Carotenoids, Triterpenoids, Ascorbic acid;
3-Ketosterones
Bhringaraj
(Eclipta alba)
EDP
Stem, Root,
Flower, Leaves,
Flavonoids; Coumestans-Wedelolactone,
alkaloids, thiopenes, polyacetylenes,
triterpenes-glycosides; Ecliptin; ecliptal, β-
amyrin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, stigmasterol,
hentriacontanol, heptacosanol
Indian Senna
(Cassia angustifolia)
EDP
Fruits/pods,
Leaves
Sennosides; anthraquinone glycosides;
Flavonoids

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Products
Novel Products
Tulsi/holy Basil P
(Ocimum sanctum)
EDP
Leaves, Seeds
Camphor, eucalyptol, eugenol, alpha
bisabolene, beta bisabolene, beta
caryophyllene; Ursolic acid; phenolic acids
Long pepper/ Pippali
(Piper longum)
EDP
Fruits, Roots
Piperlongumin; piperine, piplartine
Coleus
(Coleus forskohlii)
EDP
Roots, Stem
Leaves
Terpenoids- Forskolin; Flavonoids,
Glycosides, Phenolics, Volatiles
Sankha pushpi
(Convolvulus pluricaulis)
EDP Volatile oils; Steroids-phytosterols;
flavonoids; Coumarins-scopoletin,
ayapanin and scopolin
Glory Lily
(Gloriosa superba)
Rhizomes
Flower, Seeds
Leaves
Colchicine, superbine; resins; saponins
Amla P
(Phylanthus emblica)
SDP; EDP
Fruit, Leaves
Polyphenols (ellagic acid, chebulinic acid,
gallic acid, chebulagic acid, apeigenin,
quercetin, corilagin, leutolin; Ascorbic

37 of 39
Aromatic Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Lemon grass
(Cymbopogon
flexuosus)
EDP
Plant, Stalk,
Leaves
Essential Oils – Neral, Citral, Geranyl
acetate; Terpenes, alcohols, ketones,
aldehydes, esters; Flavonoids; Phenolic
compounds; Phytosterols
Geranium
(Pelargonium
graveolens)
EDP
Leaves,
Flower, Root
Essential Oil; Citronellol, trans-geraniol;
Terpenes; coumarins, tannins, phenolic
acids, cinnamic acids, flavones, flavonoids
Pepper Mint P
(Mentha piperita)
EDP, SDP
Leaves,
Flowers, Stem
Essential oil - menthol, menthone, menthyl
acetate; flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenes,
tocopherols, saponin, choline
Betel vine P
(Piper betel)
EDP, SDP
Leaves
Eseential Oil- Eugenol; Phenolic compounds
- hydroxychavicol; flavonoids, alkaloids;
anti tumor agent

38 of 39
Aromatic Plants Processed
Products
Novel Products
Musk Mallow
(Abelmoschus moschatus)
EDP
Flower,
Seeds
Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, sterols,
tannins, fixed oils; Caryophyllene,
octodeconoic acids, hexadecanoic acid,
ascorbic acid, squalene
Patchouli
(Pogostemon sp.)
EDP
Leaves,
Flowers
Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Phenolic
compounds; Essential Oil – Sesquiterpenes;
tannins, flavonoids, phenolic alkaloids
Davanam
(Artemisia pallens)
EDP
Leaves,
Seeds
Essential Oil; alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids,
reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, phenols,
terpenoids, anthraquinone, saponins
Palmarosa
(Cymbopogon martinii)
Leaves,
Seeds
Essential Oil; Geraniol, Linalool,
Caryophyllene, Geranyl acetate

End SlideNovel Agri-Products from Crops/Plants Cultivated in Red Loamy Soils - India RS/Jun 2020
Other
Important Crops
Processed
Products
Novel Products
Sandal wood P
(Santalum album)
EDP
Wood, Berries,
Kernels, Leaves
Essential Oil – Terpenes and oxygenated
species; Flavonoids-anthocyanins, flavanols,
flavonols; polyphenolic acids; Enzymes;
Secondary Metabolites
Stevia sp. EDP; DP
Leaves
Steviosides; polyphenols, chlorophylls,
carotenoids, ascorbic acid
Castor P
(Ricinus communis)
EDP; DP
Seeds, Leaves
Oil; Ricinolic acid; Lupeol; steroids, terpenoids,
saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides
Soapnut P
(Sapindus sp.)
DP; EDP
Fruit, Leaves,
Bark, Root
Triterpenoid Saponins - Phytoanticipins;
Glycosides; Flavonoids; Natural Surfactants
Jojoba
(Simmondsia chinensis)
EDP
Hulls; seeds;
Leaves
Oil; Natural vegetable liquid wax; cyanogenic
glucosides; Simmondsin; Flavonoids;
Saponins; Polysachharides
SDP: Spray Dried Powder DP: Derived products

Potential for Novel Health Ingredients Creation in Red Loamy Soil Regions - India

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