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This document describes a study that used Australian census data from 2006, 2011, and 2016 to analyze the occupational outcomes of graduates with bachelor's degrees in engineering. It found that while 25% of engineering graduates worked as professional engineers, 23.5% were not working. The majority of the professional engineering workforce had bachelor's degrees in engineering or related technologies. However, over time, fewer graduates were working as professional engineers and more were working in other roles or not at all. The study provides insight into the transferable skills of engineering graduates and the diversity of careers they enter.

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Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Stuart Palmer Malcolm Campbell Deakin University Using census data to better understand engineering occupational outcomes
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Historically high rates of graduate employment Benefited from Australian mining boom More recently, both enrolments and graduate employment have declined Semi-regular appeals for engineering curricula to be more ‘authentic’, ‘real-world’, ‘industry- relevant’, etc. Almost always premised on a view that most, if not all, graduates from undergraduate engineering programs will go into professional engineering practice in ‘industry’ However, the reality is that, internationally, many engineering graduates never work in professional engineering practice, or if they do, they do not remain in that sector very long Here we use Australian national census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016 to identify the makeup of the professional engineering workforce and the occupational outcomes for graduates of undergraduate engineering programs in Australia Background – Engineering in Australia 2
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 3 Australian census 23.4M
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 4 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K
25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 5 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs
25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 6 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M
25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 7 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M Prof Eng occupation 141K
25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 8 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M Prof Eng occupation 141K Professional engineering 65,240 25.0% Engineering and Related Technologies - Bachelor 65,240 46.3% Not working 61,345 23.5% E&RT Postgraduate 18,469 - 13.1% General 38,411 14.7% E&RT Adv. Diploma 9,572 - 6.8% General management 30,995 11.9% E&RT Certificate 8,231 - 5.8% I.T. 22,908 8.8% No post-sec. 8,119 - 5.8% Technical 12,421 - 4.8% P.G. Manage.4,125 - 2.9% All other occupations 29,536 11.3% All other qualifications 27,207 19.3% Total 260,167 Total 140,963 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Graduated with Bachelor of Engineering, working in… In a Professional Engineering role, highest qualification… NUMBERSOFPERSONS(1000S) 43.2% 45.6% 46.3% 10.5% 12.9% 14.3% 46.2% 41.5% 39.4% 108,406 141,116 140,963 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2006 2011 2016 %ofpeopleinprof.eng.rolewith... Year Engineering bachelor degree Engineering higher degree Other qualification Year total Sort by highest qual reported
25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Proportions of occupation classifications of engineering bachelor graduates – based on 2016 Australian census data 9
41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B 10 Employment status of engineering bachelor graduates in five-year age ranges – based on 2006, 2011 & 2016 Aust. census data
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Engineering qualification and occupation data – based on 2016 Australian census data 11 Professional engineering 65,240 25.0% Engineering and Related Technologies - Bachelor 65,240 46.3% Not working 61,345 23.5% E&RT Postgraduate 18,469 - 13.1% General 38,411 14.7% E&RT Adv. Diploma 9,572 - 6.8% General management 30,995 11.9% E&RT Certificate 8,231 - 5.8% I.T. 22,908 8.8% No post-sec. 8,119 - 5.8% Technical 12,421 - 4.8% P.G. Manage.4,125 - 2.9% All other occupations 29,536 11.3% All other qualifications 27,207 19.3% Total 260,167 Total 140,963 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Graduated with Bachelor of Engineering, working in… In a Professional Engineering role, highest qualification… NUMBERSOFPERSONS(1000S)
43.2% 45.6% 46.3% 10.5% 12.9% 14.3% 46.2% 41.5% 39.4% 108,406 141,116 140,963 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2006 2011 2016 %ofpeopleinprof.eng.rolewith... Year Engineering bachelor degree Engineering higher degree Other qualification Year total Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Qualifications of people working in professional engineering occupations – based on 2006, 2011 & 2016 Aust. census data 12
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Many new engineering graduates, and eventually most graduates, do not work in a PE role Where graduates work out of field, it is often framed negatively – as ‘wastage’ or ‘attrition’ There are literally not enough PE roles in Australia for all Australian engineering graduates (I contend) An engineering graduate working ‘out of field’ is not a second-class outcome What is considered an authentic curriculum should be reconceptualised Those significant number of engineering graduates who have historically found themselves working out of field have, knowingly or otherwise, turned a problem into an opportunity, finding gainful ways to use their engineering knowledge and skills This empirically validated engineering solution offers guidance to engineering educators Implications for undergraduate engineering curricula 13
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Over time, various models of reformed/contemporary/authentic engineering education have been proposed to make graduate more ‘employable’ The next advance in engineering education in Australia is likely to come via the acceptance that it is educating many students for work outside of the profession, including for many immediately following graduation Designers of engineering curriculum need to become more skilled at mapping generic graduate skills to ensure that graduates see these skills more visibly within the curriculum and recognise their application to a broader sector of the job market Implications for undergraduate engineering curricula 14
Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Thank you for your time

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Sp181012ss

  • 1.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Stuart Palmer Malcolm Campbell Deakin University Using census data to better understand engineering occupational outcomes
  • 2.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Historically high rates of graduate employment Benefited from Australian mining boom More recently, both enrolments and graduate employment have declined Semi-regular appeals for engineering curricula to be more ‘authentic’, ‘real-world’, ‘industry- relevant’, etc. Almost always premised on a view that most, if not all, graduates from undergraduate engineering programs will go into professional engineering practice in ‘industry’ However, the reality is that, internationally, many engineering graduates never work in professional engineering practice, or if they do, they do not remain in that sector very long Here we use Australian national census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016 to identify the makeup of the professional engineering workforce and the occupational outcomes for graduates of undergraduate engineering programs in Australia Background – Engineering in Australia 2
  • 3.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Method 3 Australian census 23.4M
  • 4.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Method 4 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K
  • 5.
    25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9%0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 5 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs
  • 6.
    25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9%0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 6 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M
  • 7.
    25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9%0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 7 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M Prof Eng occupation 141K
  • 8.
    25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9%0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176 Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Method 8 Australian census 23.4M E&RT Bachelor highest qual 260K Sort by occupation reported 477 Occs Group in 5 year age ranges 41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1% 8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals 23.4M Prof Eng occupation 141K Professional engineering 65,240 25.0% Engineering and Related Technologies - Bachelor 65,240 46.3% Not working 61,345 23.5% E&RT Postgraduate 18,469 - 13.1% General 38,411 14.7% E&RT Adv. Diploma 9,572 - 6.8% General management 30,995 11.9% E&RT Certificate 8,231 - 5.8% I.T. 22,908 8.8% No post-sec. 8,119 - 5.8% Technical 12,421 - 4.8% P.G. Manage.4,125 - 2.9% All other occupations 29,536 11.3% All other qualifications 27,207 19.3% Total 260,167 Total 140,963 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Graduated with Bachelor of Engineering, working in… In a Professional Engineering role, highest qualification… NUMBERSOFPERSONS(1000S) 43.2% 45.6% 46.3% 10.5% 12.9% 14.3% 46.2% 41.5% 39.4% 108,406 141,116 140,963 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2006 2011 2016 %ofpeopleinprof.eng.rolewith... Year Engineering bachelor degree Engineering higher degree Other qualification Year total Sort by highest qual reported
  • 9.
    25.0% 23.5% 14.7% 11.9% 8.8% 4.8% 3.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9%0.8% 0.3% Engineering - 25.0% Not working - 23.5% General - 14.7% Management - 11.9% IT - 8.8% Technical - 4.8% Marketing - 3.4% Construction - 1.9% Professional other - 1.6% Finance - 1.5% Education - 0.9% Unknown - 0.9% Science - 0.8% Health - 0.3% Total - 260,176Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Proportions of occupation classifications of engineering bachelor graduates – based on 2016 Australian census data 9
  • 10.
    41.1% 46.7% 24.4% 41.9% 46.2% 34.6% 35.7% 39.0% 31.3% 32.8% 33.2% 28.7% 29.0% 31.7% 26.3% 28.5% 28.2% 25.4% 29.8% 28.4% 22.5% 27.6% 27.9% 21.9% 20.5% 22.1% 16.6% 10.2% 13.0% 10.6% 39.8% 30.7% 39.1% 47.1% 41.4% 47.4% 56.2% 51.5% 56.6% 59.2% 58.5% 60.4% 63.1% 60.2% 63.7% 63.6% 63.0% 63.6% 60.6% 62.1% 64.3% 54.7% 56.2% 57.9% 40.7% 43.1% 44.1% 22.8% 25.6% 25.5% 19.2% 22.6% 36.5% 11.1% 12.5% 18.0% 8.1% 9.5% 12.1%8.0% 8.3% 11.0% 7.9% 8.1% 9.9% 7.9% 8.8% 11.0% 9.6% 9.5% 13.2% 17.7% 15.9% 20.1% 38.8% 34.7% 39.3% 67.0% 61.4% 63.9% '06: 10262 '11: 11784 '16: 18580 '06: 21887 '11: 29545 '16: 38802 '06: 22396 '11: 28249 '16: 38376 '06: 18717 '11: 27087 '16: 32801 '06: 18296 '11: 21963 '16: 29020 '06: 16123 '11: 20227 '16: 23049 '06: 13912 '11: 16812 '16: 20507 '06: 10696 '11: 14221 '16: 16649 '06: 6935 '11: 11016 '16: 14207 '06: 4829 '11: 7082 '16: 11181 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% '06 20 - '11 24 '16 yrs '06 25 - '11 29 '16 yrs '06 30 - '11 34 '16 yrs '06 35 - '11 39 '16 yrs '06 40 - '11 44 '16 yrs '06 45 - '11 49 '16 yrs '06 50 - '11 54 '16 yrs '06 55 - '11 59 '16 yrs '06 60 - '11 64 '16 yrs '06 65 - '11 69 '16 yrs Percentageofengineeringbachelorgrads... Age range …working as professional engineer …otherwise employed …not working Year totals Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B 10 Employment status of engineering bachelor graduates in five-year age ranges – based on 2006, 2011 & 2016 Aust. census data
  • 11.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Engineering qualification and occupation data – based on 2016 Australian census data 11 Professional engineering 65,240 25.0% Engineering and Related Technologies - Bachelor 65,240 46.3% Not working 61,345 23.5% E&RT Postgraduate 18,469 - 13.1% General 38,411 14.7% E&RT Adv. Diploma 9,572 - 6.8% General management 30,995 11.9% E&RT Certificate 8,231 - 5.8% I.T. 22,908 8.8% No post-sec. 8,119 - 5.8% Technical 12,421 - 4.8% P.G. Manage.4,125 - 2.9% All other occupations 29,536 11.3% All other qualifications 27,207 19.3% Total 260,167 Total 140,963 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Graduated with Bachelor of Engineering, working in… In a Professional Engineering role, highest qualification… NUMBERSOFPERSONS(1000S)
  • 12.
    43.2% 45.6% 46.3% 10.5%12.9% 14.3% 46.2% 41.5% 39.4% 108,406 141,116 140,963 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2006 2011 2016 %ofpeopleinprof.eng.rolewith... Year Engineering bachelor degree Engineering higher degree Other qualification Year total Deakin University CRICOS Provider Code: 00113B Qualifications of people working in professional engineering occupations – based on 2006, 2011 & 2016 Aust. census data 12
  • 13.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Many new engineering graduates, and eventually most graduates, do not work in a PE role Where graduates work out of field, it is often framed negatively – as ‘wastage’ or ‘attrition’ There are literally not enough PE roles in Australia for all Australian engineering graduates (I contend) An engineering graduate working ‘out of field’ is not a second-class outcome What is considered an authentic curriculum should be reconceptualised Those significant number of engineering graduates who have historically found themselves working out of field have, knowingly or otherwise, turned a problem into an opportunity, finding gainful ways to use their engineering knowledge and skills This empirically validated engineering solution offers guidance to engineering educators Implications for undergraduate engineering curricula 13
  • 14.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Over time, various models of reformed/contemporary/authentic engineering education have been proposed to make graduate more ‘employable’ The next advance in engineering education in Australia is likely to come via the acceptance that it is educating many students for work outside of the profession, including for many immediately following graduation Designers of engineering curriculum need to become more skilled at mapping generic graduate skills to ensure that graduates see these skills more visibly within the curriculum and recognise their application to a broader sector of the job market Implications for undergraduate engineering curricula 14
  • 15.
    Deakin University CRICOSProvider Code: 00113B Thank you for your time