The document discusses nuclear power, including its history, operations, and use in India. It provides details on nuclear reactions of fission and fusion. Advantages include clean energy without greenhouse gas emissions. India operates multiple nuclear plants totaling over 6,000 MW of capacity. However, risks include nuclear waste disposal and potential accidents.

2. 1. Introduction to atomic power.
2. Nuclear reactions
3. Economic advantages
4. Nuclear power in India
5. Pros of nuclear energy
6. Cons of nuclear energy

3. • Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin
Klaproth, a German chemist, and named after
the planet Uranus.
• The science of atomic radiation, atomic change
and nuclear fission was developed from 1895 to
1945.
• Over 1939-45, most development was focused
on the atomic bomb
• From 1945 attention was given to harnessing
this energy in a controlled fashion for naval
propulsion and for making electricity
• Since 1956 the prime focus has been on the
technological evolution of reliable nuclear
power plants.

4.  Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that
release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently
is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear
power plant. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay
and nuclear fusion.
 Nuclear power is a clean and efficient way of boiling water to
make steam, which turns turbines to produce electricity.
 Except for the reactor itself, nuclear power stations work like
most coal or gas-fired power stations.
 As nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, they do not produce
greenhouse gas emissions.

5. Nuclear Reactions
• Nuclear reactions deal with
interactions between the nuclei of
atoms including of nuclear fission
and nuclear fusion.
• Both fission and fusion processes
deal with matter and energy.
• Fission is the process of splitting
of a nucleus into two "daughter"
nuclei leading to energy being
released.
• Fusion is the process of two
"parent" nuclei fuse into one
daughter nucleus leading to
energy being released

6.  The energy in one pound of highly
enriched Uranium is comparable to that
of one million gallons of gasoline.
 One million times as much energy in one
pound of Uranium as in one pound of
coal.
 Nuclear energy annually prevents 5.1
million tons of sulfur 2.4 million tons of
nitrogen oxide 164 metric tons of carbon.
 First commercial power plant, England
1956.
 17% of world’s electricity is from nuclear
power

7.  Nuclear power is the fifth-largest
source of electricity in India after
coal, gas, hydroelectricity and wind
power.
 As of 2016, India has 22 nuclear
reactors in operation in 7 nuclear
power plants, having a total
installed capacity of 6,780 MW.
 Nuclear power produced a total of
35 TWh of electricity in 2016.
 6 more reactors are under
construction with a combined
generation capacity of 4,300 MW.

8. Operational nuclear power plants in India
Power
station
Operator State Units
Total
capacity
(MW)
Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka 220 x 4 880
Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat 220 x 2 440
Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu 1000 x 2 2,000
Madras
(Kalpakkam)
NPCIL Tamil Nadu 220 x 2 440
Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh 220 x 2 440
Rajasthan NPCIL Rajasthan
100 x 1
200 x 1
220 x 4
1,180
Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra
160 x 2
540 x 2
1,400
Total 6,780
** NPCIL -Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.

9. 1. Low Pollution: Nuclear power also
has a lot fewer greenhouse emissions. It
has been determined that the amount of
greenhouse gases have decreased by
almost half because of the prevalence in
the utilization of nuclear power. Nuclear
energy has the least effect on nature since
it doesn’t discharge any greenhouse
gasses.
2. Low Operating Costs: Nuclear power
produces very inexpensive electricity.
The cost of the uranium, which is utilized
as a fuel in this process, is low. Also, even
though the expense of setting up nuclear
power plants is moderately high, the
expense of running them is quite low
low.

10. 3. Reliability: A nuclear power plant when in the mode of
producing energy can run uninterrupted for even a year. As
solar and wind energy are dependent upon weather conditions,
nuclear power plant has no such constraints and can run
without disruption in any climatic condition.
4. More Proficient Than Fossil Fuels: The other primary point
of interest of utilizing nuclear energy is that it is more
compelling and more proficient than other energy sources.
They have high energy density as compared to fossil fuels. The
amount of fuel required by nuclear power plant is
comparatively less than what is required by other power plants
as energy released by nuclear fission is approximately ten
million times greater than the amount of energy released by
fossil fuel atom.

11. 5. Renewable: Nuclear energy is not renewable resource.
Uranium, the nuclear fuel that is used to produced nuclear
energy is limited and cannot be produced again and again
on demand. On the other hand, by using breeder and
fusion reactors, we can produce other fissionable element.
One such element is called plutonium that is produced by
the by-products of chain-reaction.

12. 1. Environmental Impact: The process
of mining and refining uranium hasn’t
been a clean process. Actually
transporting nuclear fuel to and from
plants represents a pollution hazard.
Also, once the fuel is used, you can’t
simply take it to the landfill – it’s
radioactive and dangerous.
2. Radioactive Waste Disposal: As a rule, a
nuclear power plant creates 20 metric tons
of nuclear fuel per year, and with that
comes a lot of nuclear waste. The greater
part of this waste transmits radiation and
high temperature, implying that it will
inevitably consume any compartment that
holds it. It can also cause damage to living
things in and around the plants.

13. 3. Nuclear Accidents: The radioactive waste produced can pose serious
health effects on the lives of people as well as the environment. The
Chernobyl accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine was the worst nuclear accident in the
history. Its harmful effects on humans and ecology can still be seen
today.
4. Uranium is Finite: Just like other sources of fuel, uranium is also
finite and exists in few of the countries. It is pretty expensive to mine,
refine and transport uranium. It produces considerable amount of
waste during all these activities and can result in environmental
contamination and serous health effects, if not handled properly.

14. 5. Hot Target for Militants: Nuclear energy has
immense power. Today, nuclear energy is used to
make weapons. If these weapons go into the
wrong hands, that could be the end of this world.
Nuclear power plants are prime target for
terrorism activities. Little lack in security can be
brutal for humankind.