Accidental Inventions

Accidental Inventions
"Accidental" discoveries are inventions that were discovered through no intention of discovery.
From the good to the bad these types of inventions have changed our lives forever. These types of
things are both things we use everyday, down to food people eat everyday.
Food is a necessity to live, but what will surprise you is that some of the food people today were all
"accidental" discoveries. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener people use to sweeten their food. This
was discovered in 1879 when Constantin Fahlberg was trying to find alternative use for coal tar and
forgot to wash his hands after work. The potato chip was invented by fed–up chef George Crum who
to teach an annoy customer a lesson sliced the potatoes thin, fried them and put salt on them, which
to his surprise the customer liked. When Coca Cola was discovered by pharmacist John Pemberton,
it was meant to be a medication, however as things would work out it is now a common soft drink
that will work out for any party. In an attempt to make his own soda pop 11–year–old Frank
Epperson combined powder and water stuck a stick in it and left it on the porch overnight and found
it the next morning still stuck to the stick. With a combination of a neighboring waffle stall and an
ice cream shall the cone was discovered. Will Kellogg accidently left bread dough out for several
hours and discovered it flaky, so he baked it and discovered Cornflakes.
Asides from food things such as Smart Dust where discovered by mistake
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Lyme: A Short Story
Earl turned onto Main Street of his new home, Lyme Connecticut and was immediately struck with
a child–like sense of wonder. The cobblestone road was lined with white shops packed side to side;
everything from toys to mannequins stare back at him from the windows. As he, his mother, and his
father continued down the road, a beautiful shimmering bay could be seen from the distance, the
August sun reflecting brilliantly off the ocean water, seemingly calling for him to jump in. They
continued, taking many turns and different road for about 15 minutes until they arrived at their new
home in a small neighborhood of about 20 houses. Earl exited the car and took his suit case out of
his family's black hatchback Volvo and walked towards the house, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Earl was sitting in a police cruiser being driven to Minnesota to live with his Aunt and Uncle upon
his parents orders. The night had gone by in a blur. Earl and Spencer were performing a big show in
Bridgeport when someone in the crowd yelled something to Spencer on stage. He yelled back at the
jeering fan, which in turn caused a fight. The fan charged the stage and fought Spencer, which
triggered a chain reactions of fights, mixing Earl up in the middle of it. Eventually, a whole squad of
police cars and officers stormed the scene, zip tying and apprehending everyone involved in the
tussles, including Earl. Upon hearing news of Earl being arrested again, they refused to accept him
back in their house and sent him to live with his Aunt and Uncle in Minnesota. On the way there, the
driving officer agreed to let Earl use his phone which he used to call Claudia. They had been dating
for about a month now, after Earl finally decided to tell her how he felt and she felt the same way
the whole time, after the months of loneliness and sadness from a lack of her When he told her she
burst into tears immediately, and they talked it over painstakingly for hours, agreeing that it couldn't
work long–distance, ending the relationship in heart break. They agreed to talk still, but it never was
the same, and they knew it would never be the

I Am The Cheese Movie And Book Comparison
I Am The Cheese is a book written by Robert Cormier in 1977. It more than likely takes place in the
1960's to the early seventies. In 1983, a movie was made based off this book. Both the movie and
the book follow the same fundamental plotline but there are some differences. This includes
different characters, points of view, and a different ending. In I Am The Cheese, a boy named Adam
Farmer is being interrogated about his life by a man named Brint. There are three separate plotlines
in this story including the past, a bike ride, and the interrogation. Adam has many hardships in his
life and seems to be going crazy. He starts to become suspicious of his dad because it seems like he
is hiding something from him. Later on his dad reveals

Who Moved My Cheese Reflection
As the days go by, we notice our world is constantly changing and evolving; for better or for worse.
Many individual cope well with their lives changing, but for others, (like myself), have a harder
time adapting to a new routine. A lot of us enjoy living a life–style that is expected every day,
furthermore, we live happier and comfortably. In 1998, Dr. Spencer Johnson introduced Who Moved
My Cheese, to the world a fable on how to adapt to major chances to one's life and to do so in a
more positive attitude. The book as influenced many people, such as well–respected broadcaster
Charlie Jones of NBC. He admits that Dr. Johnson's book may have saved his carrier. Jones is very
familiar with broadcasting Track and Field events at Olympic games, he then found out that his boss
had removed him from his familiar events and was then assign to broadcast swimming and diving, a
sport he knew very little about. Jones grew doubtful and frustrated with the adjustment of his career.
Like most people, he did that adapt well to change. His anger affected everything thing he did,
including himself, he became very unhappy with his job that he enjoyed doing. Jones then heard Dr.
Johnson's successful and life changing story of Who moved my Cheese. He then altered his attitude
and outlook on his new way of living. He stated that doing something new; out of his old routine
made him feel youthful and refreshed. His boss then recognized his new positive energy and
attitude, and he soon got better, beneficial assignments for work. He became more successful than
ever and was then inducted into Pro Football's Hall of Fame, Broadcaster's alley. This domino effect
can demonstrate how such an impactable book like "Who Move my Cheese" can do to someone.
From difficulties at work, or even struggling in a relationship, the book can open anyone's life to a
new positive beginning. Dr. Johnson is a strong believer that his novel can impact and touch the
lives of countless people. The book is divided into 3 sections. The first section shows a former
classmate reunion, they discuss how much their life has changed out of high school. The second
section is the focus of Who Moved My Cheese? At last, the third section

Herbert Spencer Essay
[pic][pic]
[pic]
[pic][pic]
Herbert Spencer
| |
|Biography: Herbert Spencer |
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political
economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played
an important part in the development of economics, political science, biology, and philosophy.
Herbert Spencer was born in Derby on April 27, 1820. His childhood, described in An
Autobiography (1904), reflected the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His views concerning a science of sociology are elaborated in two major works, Descriptive
Sociology (published in 17 volumes, 1873–1934) and The Study of Sociology (1873).
Spencer was particularly influential in the United States until the turn of the century. According to
William Graham Sumner, who used The Study of Sociology as a text in the first sociology course
offered in an American university, it was Spencer's work which established sociology as a separate,
legitimate field in its own right. Spencer's demand that historians present the "natural history of
society," in order to furnish data for a comparative sociology, is also credited with inspiring James
Harvey Robinson and the others involved in the writing of the New History in the United States.
Economic Theories
Social philosophy in the latter part of the 19th century in the United States was dominated by
Spencer. His ideas of laissez–faire and the survival of the fittest by natural selection fitted very well
into an age of rapid expansion and ruthless business competition. Spencer provided businessmen
with the reassuring notion that what they were doing was not just ruthless self–interest but was a
natural law operating in nature and human society. Not only was competition in harmony with
nature, but it was also in the interest of the general welfare and progress. Social Darwinism, or

Marks and Spencer Strategies
A Case Study on Marks and Spencer by stoked, Jul 24, 2008 A case study on Marks and Spencer
which includes: The company at present, Background of the Study, Case Background, Problem,
SWOT Analysis, Alternative Courses of Action, Recommendation, Conclusion. A Case Study on
Marks and Spencer The Company at Present Marks and Spencer has over 450 stores located
throughout the UK, this includes the largest store at Marble Arch, London. In addition, the Company
has 150 stores worldwide, including over 130 franchise businesses, operating in 30 countries.
Background of the Company * Marks and Spencer (M&S) of Britain (often referred to as Marks &
Sparks by locals) is a general retailer that sells clothes, gifts, home ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
M&S have a wide opportunity to go more global to improve and expand its business. They also have
the opportunity to consider more overseas supplier which will actually give them cost advantage,
rather than suppliers available on a local level. They also have the opportunity to maximize the use
of available technology to improve their functioning and to gain competitive advantage. Threats
They are in strong competition with Gap, Oasis and Next, who are offering similarly priced products
yet more fashionable. M&S is also in competition from discount stores like Matalan, and "George"
range at Asda. M&S is also in threat from Tesco and Seinsbury 's who moved into offering added
value foods, which had been pioneered by M&S. Alternative Courses Of Action 1. Substantial
research before operations and correct interpretation of the information derived from the research.
Advantages To identify the target market segment To identify the demand To identify the particular
products needed in the market To identify the necessary promotional needs To identify the process
of distribution of the goods Disadvantages The company will spend much for the research Research
takes time Research may not always

Social Darwinism And Its Impact On Society
Social Darwinism was a concept that was an accepted theory in the nineteenth–century. It originated
from Charles Darwin, which stated ' survival of the fittest', meaning the poor and weak were going
to die and that the rich and powerful received more power and growth. However, even though
Charles came up with the 'idea' of Social Darwinism, he had other social Darwinists who actually
grasped the entire concept of Darwinism and applied it to Social Sciences. Social Darwinists like
Herbert Spencer who believed that the government should not try to change any type of social
environment because it would hurt the process of nature. An important aspect of Social Darwinism
is the Cultural one, which goes through Religion, Art, and music. Religion being something that
people in society believe in and followed wholeheartedly. Art has a range of paintings, drawings,
and sculptures from artists who were influenced by Darwin. Music has always been a part of
peoples' lives and many different artists that occurred before and after Darwin.
Religion was an important issue that many people adhered to for the way of life. Herbert Spencer
preached family loyalty, personal providence, family responsibility, hard work, and proud self–
sufficiency which were middle–class virtues. In the nineteen–century biblical criticism and religion
of a fundamental faith prepared many Americans for the acceptance of Darwinism. Religion has
always been something that people for many centuries have

Post It Notes Are Made By Accident Summary
Press 'n Peel What's the first words that come to your mind when you hear the word accident or
mistake? Most people think of the bad side effects, but did you ever think of the good side effects.
Penicillin, chocolate chip cookies, fireworks, and many other wonderful things we have today were
made by accident. Post It notes were made by mistake and they have took over the office sales
industry. This mistake landed a company a ton of money–$1 billion a year to be exact. That's crazy,
right. In November 2011 Daven Hiskey wrote an article, "Post–It Notes were Invented by
Accident",on todayifound.com informing us that in 1968 and Spencer Silver is busy in his office at
3M. He is hunched over his oak desk: a sticky mess. Silver is trying to invent a super strong
adhesive to use in the aerospace industry. This adhesive, if it works, is going to be the next big thing
to help build airplanes. Silver thinks he is finally done with his adhesive. He steps back and scopes
his office for something of medium weight to test out this adhesive. If it works, the object will stick
to the wall and stay up by just using this glue. Silver presses the object onto the wall, his fingers
crossed. It holds for a second or two and then it: falls. Instead of making a super strong adhesive ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can now buy them in 27 different sizes, and 25 different shapes, and 57 different colors, and 20
different fragrances. That's incredible. Now remember that time you made a small mistake that you
just were so upset about: it doesn't matter. Mistakes good or bad could possible make you a very rich
person. So don't be afraid to make mistakes. If Silver didn't keep trying to get us mistake to take off
he wouldn't be know for the most bought office item. Next time you use a Post It Note remember
that it came from a mistake and thank god you are not on a plane that could had used this

On the Origin of Species
In his On the Origin of Species, written in 1859, Charles Darwin clearly explained the gradual
progression toward the speciation of organisms with his five main principles: variation, inheritance,
competition, selection, and propagation. Darwin hesitated to publish his findings because he
understood that his findings were based on the animal kingdom and on an evolutionary process that
had to have spanned millennia. He specifically did not think that his discoveries were applicable to
the evolution of human society. Contrary to Darwin's preference, Herbert Spencer did exactly what
Darwin hoped to avoid by publishing numerous works supporting his own, new thesis of "Social
Darwinism," which claimed that Darwin's principles of evolution ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He lived off of his family's wealth and instead of working, he devoted himself wholly to his studies.
In 1896, he published his most comprehensive work, The Synthetic Philosophy, a work
encompassing many of his theories on society, evolution, morality, and psychology. Spencer died
December 8, 1903 while working on his autobiography, which was then published in 1904. Through
his anti–clerical and rejectionist upbringing, Spencer was raised to attach to a theory like Darwinian
evolution. In his first published article on the development of Social Darwinism, entitled The
Development Hypothesis, 1852, Spencer established his lack of faith and claimed that creationism
was a "theory" which is "supported by no facts at all." He further elaborated on the issue and
asserted that there must be another mode by which the world was created. He even went as far as to
write that, if he were to interrogate any leading geologist or physiologists they would "be forced to
confess that the notion was put into his mind in childhood as part of a story which he now thinks is
absurd." Spencer believed that creationism was not a viable medium on which to base scientific
thought, and as a result, he was forced to find another way to explain the creation of the world. For
this reason, he was drawn to evolutionary Darwinism. Spencer however, could not just accept
Darwinian evolution as fact. Rather, he expanded the theory of Darwinian evolution to meet his own

Marks and Spencer
MARKS & SPENCER (Individual Analysis)
Words Count:2064(excluding tables)
[pic]
Introduction:
Marks and Spencer plc is a UK–based company. The business is known best as a retailer. There are
over 622 Marks & Spencer stores throughout the UK that sell clothing, food and household goods.
The core of its retailing business is clothing, particularly women's.
What market segments do the three different product ranges serve? Assume that the Perfect and
Classic ranges serve essentially the same segment.
| |Perfect and Classic ranges |Autograph range |Per Una range |
|Logo |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With Per Una been translate into For One show that M&S is prepared to offered this new target
group with special and detail style to make it a unique piece of clothes. Customers in this range
wanted a sense of style which is value for their money and with a reasonable quality which meets
the basic quality such as colour fading or shrinkage after washing. Per Una is targeted at the young
and sophisticated women are not afraid to put colours into their wardrobe. Therefore, the Per Una is
nothing like the Autograph or Classic range as there are more colour choices in the range. (See
Appendix 3)
What are the order winners and qualifiers for these different ranges?
Order–winning factors are those things which directly and significantly contribute to winning
business. They are regarded by customers as key reasons for purchasing the product or service.
Raising performance in an order–winning factor will either result in more business or improve the
chances of gaining more business. (N Slack, S Chambers and R Johnston, Operation Management,
p.72) These criteria win orders and they differentiate a product or service from those of the
competition by offering product or service features that are superior to those competition.
As in the M&S case, the three different range of clothing line have its own order winners to make it

The Impact of Non-Financial Resources
The Impact of Non–Financial Resources In this assignment I will provide information for the
Human Resources Director of Babcock Plc, about how my chosen business uses physical,
technological and human resources. I have chosen to research about Marks and Spencer's, which is a
private limited company and sells high quality clothing, home products and food. They operate
internationally, but mostly concentrating on UK. Managing the human, physical and technological
resources are very important for Marks and Spencer's because, they help the company operate
efficiently, and productively. Managing these resources well helps them with the day to day running
of the business.
Physical Resources
Physical resources are the resources that are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also more customers will be coming to the shop if the staff is kind and helpful to them, which will
increase the sales and therefore profit.
The human resources department monitors performance of the employees and makes sure they are
well trained for their job. They provide training for the staff, for each sector they work in, which will
help them to do their job more easily and successfully. If an employee doesn't do their job right, they
could fire them and recruit another person to fill their space. Also they make sure that they fill up
work for people on holiday or sick. This is to make sure that the work that needs to be done is not
affected by people being on holiday etc. Another thing that human resources in Marks and Spencer's
do, is that they make sure there is the required number of staff on each shop floor to keep the
business run smoothly and provide the right customer service. This has been successful because
there is always available staff to help on the shop floor, which means the customer service is
improved therefore sales increase because customers keep coming back to the store and this
increases profit.
Technological Resources
Technological resources are the resources that help the business to function more efficiently and
quickly. However these are not as important for the business as the human resources.
Marks and Spencer's used BizTalk which is a server that helps the business to manage business
processes more

Stakeholders of Marks and Spencer and Their Influence and...
Ma Strategic Management
Module of Organisational Strategy
Submitted by:
Ahmad Hussain Kaisrani
Submitted to:
Dr Leslie Doyle; Dr Emanuela Todeva
University of Wales
List of CONTENTS
Strategic Investigative Questions (03)
History of Marks and Spencer (04)
General Introduction of M&S (04)
The SWOT Analysis (06)
Source of Information (07)
Stakeholders and their power and ability (08)
Stakeholder Summary (09)
Organisational Configuration (10)
Evaluation of Corporate Structure (11)
Functional lines of communication (11)

Internal and External Linkages (13)
Conclusions (15)
References (16)
Strategic Investigative Questions
Following are the two questions which our group were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most respected brand values of Marks and Spencer are
Quality
Value
Service
Innovation
Trust
**************************
The SWOT Analysis can show all the characteristics of M&S.
[pic]
Source of Information
The main source of data presented in this paper is the official website of Marks and Spencer. The
details of links are provided at the end of this paper under the title of References.
Bolland's Strategic Rethink – An article by Rosie Baker appeared in Marketing Week, UK (News
Section, Page 19 under the section of Retail. October 18–24, 2010).
New man at M&S looks to reconquer overseas markets and win hearts in home wares – An article
by Julia Finch, appeared in The Guardian on November 06, 2010.
An Informal Interview of Mr. Shomail Abbas Khan (The Marketing Executive M&S).
Thus since now we know the remarkable history and brief introduction about M&S it is going to be
indeed more interesting to know the stakeholders and their power and ability, organizational
structure and its business operations which is described in detail in following sections.
Stakeholders of the Marks & Spencer
There are two types of stakeholders in M&S.
Internal Stakeholders
Management
Owners
Employees and staff

Shareholders
External Stakeholders
Suppliers
Customers
General public/ Communities/ Pressure groups
Media/Reporters/Commentators
Powers and abilities of Stakeholders to influence choices and decisions of M&S

Panic ! At The Disco (P ! ATD)
Panic! At the Disco Panic! At the Disco (P!ATD) is a pop punk rock band that consists of the lead
singer and face of the group, Brendon Urie, and several unnamed/unpopular guitarists and
drummers. The biggest competitor for P!ATD is the other main stream pop punk rock band called
Fall Out Boy (FOB) which consists of Patrick Stump, Pete Wentz, Joe Trohman, and Andy Hurley.
Although P!ATD and FOB have similar musical styles, the different music videos each group
presents, the varying tunes and lyrics, and disparate stage presence during live concerts, is why I
lean toward P!ATD as my favorite overall band, with FOB falling just behind it. The themes and
theatrics behind P!ATD music videos are superior to FOB music videos. The themes P!ATD choose
are deep and meaningful and at a first glance, doesn't even seem to relate to the song but once you
start looking closer, you start to see the hidden connections. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of my favorites lyrics from P!ATD song, Don't Threaten Me With A Good Time, is "Memories
tend to just pop up/Drunk pre–meds and some rubber gloves/Five–thousand people with designer
drugs/Don't think I'll ever get enough." The first time I heard this part of the song, I surprisingly
started laughing out loud in public (I'm a pre–med student). Ever since then, I became a fan of
P!ATD and I can proudly say that I know the lyrics to 80% of their songs. FOB lyrics are catchy but
not as comedic and unique as I would like. For example, in their song My Song Knows What You
Did in the Dark, the chorus is "I'm a young lover's rage/Gonna need a spark to ignite/My song
knows what you did in the dark/So light 'em up up up...," the lyrics are somewhat predictable and
not that memorable as the lyrics used in P!ATD songs. Because of the lyrics and tune that P!ATD
use, I find myself looking more forward to listening to P!ATD songs because it's easier for me to
sing along to

Charles Darwin 's Theory Of Evolution
Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution is the most successful theory of it's kind. Darwin's idea of
Natural Selection has found success not just in the organic world, but also in human society. This is
no coincidence. After Darwin's Beagle voyage, he returned to England during the Industrial
Revolution. As a man of wealth, Darwin acted as a first–hand witness to the societal changes
occurring around him. The Industrial Revolution, along with the corresponding economic theories
played a large role in influencing Darwin's theory of evolution. The Beagle voyage lasted for five
years, during that time Darwin had no idea that London was going through a period of extreme
urbanization. The city became a sewage filled wasteland where people lived in squalor,
overcrowding paved the way for roaring epidemics, and the Thames River was so dirty it resembled
"Monster Soup". Darwin, being from a wealthy family, distanced himself from the poverty, which
allowed him to see the enormous stratification of social classes. He connected what he saw in
London, the competition for resources and the struggle for survival, and applied those ideas to the
organic world as the basis for his evolutionary theory. The massive industrialization and it's impact
on the city of London created a new social dynamic, one that reflects itself in the animal kingdom.
The Industrial Revolution was not the only cultural influence for Darwin. Many economic theories
emerged at this time in correspondence with the

Marks and Spencer Case Study
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
CS1208
The Association of Business Executives Advanced Diploma
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CASE STUDY
Marks & Spencer plc afternoon 2 December 2008
This is an open–book examination and you may consult any previously prepared written material or
texts during the examination. Only answers that are written during the examination in the
answerbook supplied by the examination centre will be marked.
CS1208
© ABE 2008
D/500/3717
BLANK PAGE
CS1208
Notes:
●
As in real life, anomalies may be found in this Case Study. Please simply state your assumptions
where necessary when answering questions. The ABE is not in a position to answer queries on ...
During the year, the company entered 4 new territories and opened 36 new stores including its
largest ever franchise store in Dubai at 52,000 sq ft. In May 2007, it opened its first store in Taiwan
under a joint venture with President Chain Store Corporation. 2007 sales turnover (exc. VAT) was
£610.6m, representing a growth of 16.8% over 2006. Clothing & Home Clothing & Home sales

accounted for 44.8% of the UK business. In womenswear the company expanded its Autograph
range and the fast fashion choice in Limited Collection; in menswear, Blue Harbour remained the
UK's biggest men's casualwear brand; the lingerie market share rose to 26.1%, offering clearly
defined brands; and in childrenswear, previous poor performance was reversed with stronger ranges.
Home, representing 5.4% of the UK business, had had two years of strong growth helped by
outstanding value and strong demand in furniture. In 2007 UK divisional sales turnover was
£4,002.8m (exc. VAT), representing a growth of 9.6% over 2006. Food Food accounted for 49.8% of
UK business and a market share of 4.3%. In 2006/07, the company launched a range of 120
Nutritionally Balanced ready meals which were free from artificial colours, flavours and
hydrogenated fats and followed government

The Locomotive Firefighters 's Magazine By William Graham...
In the 1893 edition of the Locomotive Firemen's Magazine, William Graham Sumner published a
piece on social Darwinism called the "Fruits of Evolution". In this article William Sumner applies
Darwin's law of evolution to labor. He believes that because of the "processes of evolution" human
intellect has become more robust and should be cultivated within the classroom. He argues "that
those who command the largest educational advantages control those of inferior opportunities". By
examining the works of other authors Sumner's law of evolution has proven to be false.
Horatio Alger Jr. tells the story about a young boy named Ragged Dick. Dick was a shoe shiner in
the bustling city of New York. Like all the other shoe shiner Dick was poor. He ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
After four years of she was able to graduate with a degree in teaching, however, she could not secure
a job. She was unclean. Her skin was oily, her clothes was not properly fixed, her nails were
chipped, and she was overall not a well kempt woman. Because of her uncleanliness she was looked
down upon. The dean of her college even refused to give her the diploma and recommend her as a
teacher because she was not clean and properly dressed. Many people talk about her appearance and
regularly reminded her that "soap and water are cheap. Anyone can be clean". Unfortunately, she
could not enjoy the same luxury. She worked eight hours a day doing other people's laundry so that
they could be clean and well dressed. She then had to rush to school with no time to wash unlike her
peers. Also unlike her peers she could not go out on walks nor did she have time to rest. After such a
large and tiring day she only had enough strength to walk home and go to sleep. As a result, she was
deemed as unfit to be a teacher and was unable to obtain a steady job for ten years. William
Sumner's law of evolution states "that those who command the largest educational advantages
control those of inferior opportunities'. In this story the protagonist has gone to college and received
a degree, yet her position in life has stayed the same. She was still inferior even though she took
advantage of the educational system. Her story confirms that

Analysis of Marks & Spencers Business Environment
Introduction
The aim of this report is to discuss and analyse the business environment of M&S. It will
identify and analyse the appropriate key factors and issues affecting the environment in which the
organisation operates in. This will be completed through the use of strategic analysis tools, Porter's 5
force, PESTLE, SWOT, financial trend analysis and lastly ration analysis. The report will also
discuss and evaluate the findings from the tools in order to provide appropriate recommendations in
which the organisation can act upon to improve their business performance.
Company Background
Marks and Spencer plc (also known as M&S and Marks & Sparks) is a British retailer
headquartered in the City of Westminster, London, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
but buyers can easily go to a rival store so this makes them more powerful.
5. barriers to entry – dependent on the industry, it may be hard or easy for new firms to enter the
market. examples include economies of scale – m+s obviously has as it is so large, therefore
difficult for small independent retailers to enter the market. However ther may be little brand loyalty
in the fashion market so new entrants may not find it difficult to gain new customers. the industry is
not highly specialised or patented (like, for example, pharmaceuticals) so this is not an issue, the
knowledge needed to enter is easy to acquire.
Financial analysis of Marks and Spencer
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL RATIOS
The assessment of financial ratios in this report is not meant to provide an extensive analysis of the
performance of Marks and Spencer. This would be an analysis based on a few key measures that
would provide an indication of the performance of Marks and Spencer. The ratios included are
across five areas: profitability; efficiency; liquidity; gearing; and, investor ratios. These ratios
provide a view across various areas and provide an indication of the overall performance of Marks
and Spencer. The results and the analysis of these ratios are discussed further. The absolute measures
presented are in £ millions except for the per share figures which are in pence per share and the
percentages which depict the ratios.
1.1 Profitability Ratios
Exhibit 1 shows the

On Collective Memory, By Maurice Halbwach
The central theme of Maurice halbwach in his book On Collective memory is the relationship
between memory and the society. This book constitutes nature, memories of individuals, social class
and religion. Not only is the nature of collective memory important but also the linguistic part of the
collectivity is also looked upon. Halbwach is of the view that memory is not static, it is a dynamic
one. It is because memory is continuously reconstructed and one of the medium is through language
with which they convey. Within the structure of family, class and religion there could be many
frameworks of memory working simultaneously. From the works of scholars like Emile Durkheim
and Henri Bergson, Maurice halbwach borrowed some ideas. Halbwach was ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
His friends used to talk about football for which halbwach did not have any interest because he
found it different from the one he knows and mane no sense to him. He found it hard to follow the
historical part popping out in any conversation. Halbwachs's experience in his early life made little
sense to his friends and vice versa. As it was difficult for him go along with people from other
communities and places, he was excluded from his friends collective memory and their memory
from Halbwachs's. He gives another example where after the disintegration of Soviet Union the
history books showed the biases as people who were killed then were now termed as heroes. Thus
collective real memory was shedding and reconstruction of new memories was taking place. The
whole soviet history had to be re–written of the last 70 years. The books also demolished the old and
real memories and new generations are learning the reconstructed

Marks and Spencer Merger with Sainsbury Essay
Title of Modules: Strategic change in organizations, Creativity & Innovation, Strategic HRM
Strategic Change
Unit 3 1. Background to organisational strategic change.
Marks and Spencer plc is a UK–based company. Many people regard the business as a national
institution. It is lovingly called "M&S" and "Marks and Sparks". M&S is known as a best
retailer. There are over 370 Marks & Spencer stores throughout the UK that sell clothing, food
and household goods. The core of its retailing business is clothing, particularly women's. Over 80%
of Marks & Spencer's stores are sited in traditional high street locations. More than 10 million
customers a week buy products from one of its stores. An increasing number of ... Show more
M&S clothing could also be sold through Sainsbury's stores, providing a powerful boost to the
supermarket's non–food business. Last night one City analyst said there was a "lot of logic
surrounding the deal" and suggested a move could come soon.
He said: "M&S have a fantastic property portfolio, there would be huge synergies between the
two companies. M&S is strong in non–food, Sainsbury is strong in food and Sainsbury is
desperately trying to get into non–food so a deal is a possibility. It would also help to find a
successor to Sir Stuart Rose."
Despite Rose persuading the City that the company's profits are going to take a hit while the
recession lasts, he has enraged some shareholders by breaching the City's best–practice standards
with his twin roles of chairman and chief executive.
City investors and local authority pension funds that hold shares in M&S have demanded that
the company appoint an independent chairman or a new chief executive by next summer, and it is
now widely expected that Rose will step down long before the mid–2011 deadline set last year. A
potential tie–up between the two has been rumbling ever since Rose let slip at a retail conference in
2007 that his shareholders would consider him "an idiot" if he did not think about mounting a
takeover, before adding: "Watch this space."
But since then, the fortunes of the two have changed. While M&S is struggling against a

M&S Economic Study Essay
Economics: Assignment Marks and Spencer's Marks and Spencer's is a multinational chain of
department stores, which sell a wide range women's, men's and children's clothing and footwear,
gifts, home furnishings, beauty products, financial services and food, all exclusive to Marks and
Spencer's. It is a successful company that has 375 stores in 29 countries worldwide and over
10million shoppers a week. As well as owning the US supermarket group "Kings Supermarkets"
M&S website The company has expanded both vertically and conglomerately. Looking at home
ware, foods, flowers, (see appendix) cafés, gifts and cards. They have invested in many different
styles of clothing ranges such as Per Una, Per Una Due and the Limited Collection. ... Show more
M&S also needs to look at its pricing strategy's because for a long time they relied on their strong
brand image to allow them to charge the premium prices. However with recent sales falling
dramatically this would be a key area for them to review. Consumers are now looking for cheaper
alternatives especially in clothing because trends are always changing. Cheaper forms of production
such as moving areas of production abroad where labour is cheap has allowed companies to spend
less and therefore sell items more cheaply. M&S products have become more elastic as people are
no longer buying into the brand and go for cheaper substitutes. The diagram below shows how the
product is elastic, people will still buy the products at a higher price as they buy into the brand
image however a small amount of customers will be lost due to cheaper alternatives as illustrated
below; M&S were too busy concentrating on expanding abroad and as a result the UK sales started
to drop. M&S did not spend a lot of time or finance on advertising. It was a policy of there's to run a
low key advertising campaign and relied heavily on their strong brand image and prominent location
of their stores to promote new ranges. Also M&S moved production abroad in order to keep
production costs down but this resulted in roughly 60,000 jobs being lost in the British textile
industry, and

Evaluate Internal Environment And Capabilities Of Marks...
Task–2
P–2: Evaluate internal environment & capabilities of Marks & Spencer
Marks and Spencer is working in an extremely focused condition and there are many variables that
influence the organisation. As they work in many fragments like food, cloth and home and
magnificence items they need to manage a great deal of contenders. M&S is exceptionally touchy to
mechanical, social and monetary variables. It needs to stay aware of consistently developing and
changing patterns of attire in the event that they need to contend in the market. The key drivers that
influence M&S are changing patterns and internet acquiring as they have no power over it. The
centre estimations of M&S: quality, reasonableness and administration were under the assault from
its competitors. M&S has challenge from all the business sections it is contending (Weathington, B,
Et al.2012).
SWOT analysis can be incorporated to evaluate internal environment & capabilities of Marks &
Spencer.
Figure: SWOT Analysis, (www.mindtools.com)
SWOT analysis will assist to examine internal capabilities of Marks & Spencer. The resulting
examination means to take a gander at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats looked
by M&S (Schaffer, R., Et al. 2012).
Strengths: Marks and Spencer plc. is recognised through its 1,382 stores around the world. The
organisation's worldwide extension by means of establishment understandings gives it a

The Case Of Marks And Spencer
Change Management Issue: The case of Marks and Spencer
Introduction
Marks & Spencer is founded by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. Since starting in 1884 by
selling clothes for men and women, the company has grown in the UK and soon in the rest of the
world they experienced tremendous market strength and even expanded their items from food, wine,
beverages and household items. In the 19th century they expanded to more than 1,250 stores in the
UK and major cities in different countries worldwide. It also gained more than 85,000 employees
during this decade. In the mid of the 19th century, however, it is challenged by the competition that
weakened their clothing and fashion for men and women, their popularity began to subside.
The management is challenged by external and internal factors where even their employees suffered
from low motivation because of fear of losing their job. There are also branches and shops that need
to be close because of the week sales. Although until today, the company is an accepted organization
because of their good reputation, it is obvious that the company struggle in the retail industry with
the competition including Debenhams, Primark, Zara, H&M and other popular fashion organization.
Some critics and market experts even believe that company has no place in today's modern industry
(Ruddick, 2015). Management does not give up easily, they identified that change management is
the issue and came up with solutions to overcome these problems.

Business Enviroment Unit 1 Task 1
Unit 1: Business Environment Assignment 1 Understanding the Purpose of Business of Marks and
Spencer PLC
Introduction
This assignment will focus on identifying the mission, values and key objectives of Marks and
Spencer PLC and also access the influences of three of their stakeholders. It will also explain the
responsibilities of the organisation and the strategies employed to meet them, overall showing a
general understanding of the purpose of business of Marks and Spencer.
Categories of Organisation
Marks and Spencer plc is a public limited company this means that they trade on stock markets such
as the London stock exchange, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any finance option that they choose to use, interest will need to be paid on top, e.g. 25% interest on
a 10,000 loan = £10,000 payable + £2,500 interest is the charge for having the loan, which makes
the total payable £12,500 to the creditor. Another factor is also secured and unsecured the term given
if the money borrowed is secured against a physical thing like property, this can be extra security for
the finance company to ensure that a loss is not made, if a person has no or limited history of credit.
Marks and Spencer can be a creditor in the sense that they provide finance options to their
customers on goods and services. The customer would then be referred to as a debtor because they
owe £x to Marks and Spencer, It can be risky because Marks and Spencer can suffer a loss if the
customer/debtor cannot afford to pay the balance back. Although can be a lucrative for Marks and
Spencer because the customer will need to pay interest on the items taken on credit.
The Central government has a big influence on the operations and way of business that Marks and
Spencer chooses to adopt, because of the legislation that Marks and Spencer must keep up to date
and also put into to practice for example to maintain safe, legal, fair way of business etc. There are
also issues in today's economy with

M&S Case Study
s Case Study: Marks and Spencer Where now for an icon of British retailing? History and
background Early history Marks and Spencer (M&S) was founded by Michael Marks and
Thomas Spencer in 1884 – he called his business 'penny bazaars' with signs reading "Don't ask the
price, it's a penny" (the forerunner of stores like Poundland today?) The company went public in the
1920's and by the 1970's M&S had established itself as a British institution with locations in
every major town and with 99% of products branded as M&S goods. By the late '80's the
company had over 700 stores in the UK, 300 stores in over 40 countries and prided itself on offering
high quality clothing, home decor products and premium quality food at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Despite these innovations however, the company has experienced another decline in its share price
and stagnating profits due to the financial crisis and increasing competition post 2008. Current status
* 2011/12 sales £9.9 billion with operating profit of £658m * Marks and Spencer currently has 703
stores in the UK with a further 390 stores in 44 countries worldwide (planned space growth of 3%
per year until 2015/16). Employs 78,000 people with 21m customers per week in the UK. * 5 year
plan (established 2010) identified key objectives: * Focus on core UK business * Establishing
M&S as high quality food retailer * Establishing M&S as leading multi channel retailer
with sales of £800m–1billion by 2013/14 * Increasing international sales to £800m–1billion by
2013/14 * Investment in IT / logistics / supply chain Product range M&S products can be
divided into 4 areas: 1) Clothing: women's, men's and children's wear, 2) Homeware: Home decor,
children's toys, books and cosmetics 3) Food: prepared, fresh and ethic foods, meats, alcoholic and
non alcoholic drinks 4) Financial services: store credit card, loans, unit trusts, insurance – business
sold to and now run by HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank) Values Marks and Spencer has been
built on a number of core company values which have remained largely unchanged since its earliest
beginnings: Quality: Delivering excellent standards

Comparison Of Next Shop, Topshop, Zara And M & P. Inc.
The apparel industry is full of different companies, which operate in the industry. There is a plethora
of competitors of Next plc. However, there are three main competitors for Next Plc that should be
considered. They are M&S, TopShop, Boohoo, French Connection, Zara and H&M.
8.1.1. Marks and Spencer
Marks and Spencer is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of
Westminster, London. It specializes in the selling of clothing, home products and luxury food
products. M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds. "M&S has
grown from a single market stall to an international, multi–channel retailer, selling stylish, high
quality, great value clothing and home products, as well as outstanding quality food, responsibly
sourced from around 3,000 suppliers globally. M&S have almost 800 stores throughout the UK." It
is the biggest and strongest competitor for Next.
8.1.2. TopShop ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Exemplifying up–to–the–minute affordable style, its brave and irreverent approach to fashion has
made it the number one high street stop for style conscious shoppers and industry insiders alike.
With over 300 stores in the UK and over a 100 in growing international territories, Topshop's
triumph has been all the more remarkable considering its humble beginnings. Now part of the long–
standing retail force Arcadia Group. An attitude that is accessible to all and a bold product range has
won Topshop a legion of loyal fans and truly placed it on the international style map – and now the
profile of the high street legend is set to expand further with more big stores planned, including a
flag ship store on Broadway in New York's

Marks And Spencer Plc : Distribution Problems
Marks and Spencer Plc. (M&S) IS Distribution Problems
Introduction
Marks and Spencer Plc. (M&S) is a major British multinational retailer. Located in London, the
company has for a long time been specializing in selling of clothes, home products and luxurious
food products (Thomson, 2013). On a weekly basis, there are more than 21 million people who are
served by the entity. The principal sources of the company's' products have been for a long time
stood at 2,000 suppliers in the entire world, which is a competitive rate when compared to other
market players. In order to achieve its efficiencies in operations and information system
management, the company's' core values have been based on the quality, value, service, innovation
and trust ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaluating the Current Problems
Brand new challenges are currently facing Marks and Spencer (M&S) in its quest of reviving its
core UK general merchandise business as Lisa Pilkington (2014) explains. The issues are elicited by
numerous happenings majorly from their critical fresh distribution center. Thomson (2013)
demonstrates that the organization is currently being faced with a wide range of Information
Technology issues in their 900,000 square foot warehouse at the Castel Donington in Leicestershire
that was being used as an ultimate fulfillment of their customers' online orders in different regions.
Summary of the current situation facing the clients
The disruptions that were evident in Castle Donington were seen as a sufficient scale of prompting
some of the major customers of the company to raise their concerns about the impacts of allowing
the company stock to flow through the new center. According to MacDonald (2013), their customers
had worries that this would negatively impact on the quality of goods and services that they have
been enjoying previously in the company. In addition, their clients were directly affected by the lack
of product integrity that interfered with the availability of high–quality products in the distribution
systems of the organization. This was evident when the distribution channel would not put into
consideration of the existing demands raised by the clients.
According

Call Of The Wild As A Zeitgeist Analysis
The Call of the Zeitgeist
Jack London's The Call of the Wild is a novel written during the literary era of Naturalism. It is
about a pampered dog, Buck, who was thrown into the Alaskan wilderness and becomes part of a
team of sled dogs. Eventually, he becomes the leader of a wolf pack. Naturalism takes place during a
time in America known as the Gilded Age. During the Gilded Age, the ideas of Social Darwinism
take hold. Social Darwinism is "a term scholars use to describe the practice of misapplying the
biological evolutionary language of Charles Darwin to politics, the economy, and society" ("Social
Darwinism in the Gilded Age"). But how is London's novel a zeitgeist of Naturalism? Jack London's
The Call of the Wild is a zeitgeist of Naturalism with its usage of Atavism, and a key ideology of
Social Darwinism, which is the survival of the fittest.
As mentioned before, London's novel is about Buck, who lives a comfortable life on a Californian
estate. However, Buck gets kidnapped by a gardener, so that he could pay off his gambling debts,
and sold to Alaskan sled drivers. When he arrives in Alaska, a friend he made on the trip over, is
killed horrifically when she attempts to befriend a dog who attacks her. Another dog, Spitz, laughs at
her death and develops a rivalry with him. Over the course of the novel he starts to subvert Spitz's
command and ultimately fights him, winning and becoming the leader of his sled team. However,
the sled team gets new drivers by inexperienced people joining the search for gold. Their
inexperience causes some dogs to die from exhaustion. On one trail, a man, John Thornton, tells the
drivers that the ice is dangerous because it is too thin. They refused to listen to him, but Buck was
too tired to move, causing one of the drivers to start clubbing him. Despite Buck's beatings, he
refused to get up, resulting in Thornton stepping in and taking him, saving him from death. A new
dog is put in place as leader and they move on the trail, but they fall through the ice and into the
frigid river where they presumably die. Under Thornton's ownership, Buck has nothing much to do,
save for small tasks, as Thornton is busy prospecting for gold. It is during this time that "call of the
wild"

Theories of Social Evolution Herbert Spencer versus Franz...
Theories of Social Evolution Herbert Spencer versus Franz Boaz
Herbert Spencer and Franz Boaz had two opposing theories on the social evolution
theory. Each theory was difficult to prove but great theories. But both theories had it's ups and
downs.
Herbert Spencer was born in England, he is best known for developing and applying the
evolutionary theory to philosophy and psychology. The evolutionary theory states that societies
go from simple societies to complex societies. The more complex a society is the more evolved
they are.
A complex society is more civilized with different social levels of politics, such as slaves
and kings. He proclaimed, "Only the strongest survives.". Spencer explained a ... Show more
Spencer compared societies by categorizing race and culture, which he viewed at one
term. Spencer felt race and culture were not different enough to be classified as two different
terms. Spencer believed that every race that belonged to a society is the same as the next, but some
are more evolved then others. A simple society developed into a complex society through
prospective steps. A society
can go only from simple to complex. The only time a society could go from complex to simple
was if a national disaster occurred, but he explained that the most evolved society would develop
back at a faster rate. Boaz was a Jewish German American anthropologist and ethnologist. His
theory on

social evolution stated that no truly pure race existed and no race is innately superior to any
other. He confirmed the differences in peoples were the result of historical, social and
geographic conditions and all people had equally developed cultures. Boaz was objective. He lived
within different societies around the world while collecting
data on everything he saw, from language, customs and history. He concluded that a society can
survive through corporation just as well as a society can through competition. How a society
survives depends on it's psychological conditions, what satisfies their human needs. No matter
how a

The Analysis of Mark and Spencer
1. Sample Case Study on Marks and Spencer 2. Marks and Spencer Case Study 3. Introduction 4. 5.
The essay explains what the important parts of Marks and Spencer's (M & S) current and
historic strategies are. The value chain is analysed to explain M & S's competitive advantages.
The value chain focuses on inbound logistics, operations and marketing & service analysis of
M & S. Furthermore, the essay interprets what the problems of present strategies M & S
will meet in the future and what new strategy M & S may follow. 6. 7. Key Components of M
& S's Current and Historic Strategies 8. 9. M & S implemented different strategies to
solve various problems when it was at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
M & S built good relationship with its supplier. The relationship between M & S and its
suppliers guarantees not only quality of products but also improves cooperation between them. The
relationship is concerned with encouraging its suppliers to use the most modern and efficient
production technologies and working with them to get the highest standards of quality. On the one
hand, M & S used mainly British suppliers in order to ensure the quality of products. On the
other hand, M & S established a trade mark 'St Michael' as the sign of its high quality. These
actions are helpful to satisfy customers' requirements about quality of product so that M & S
may get more competitive advantages for quality of products than its competitors. Moreover, one of
the successful facts is that M & S emphasised its store layout. It built a pilot store and other
stores are asked to follow it so that M & S may keep consistency of its image. It is good for
keeping good company image among customers. 20. 21. Finally, the changes about marketing
& service of M & S also added its competitive advantages. Initially, M & S built 'St
Michael' as its quality sign of product so as to build customer loyalty and attract customers to
purchase its products. However, M & S has to respond for the challenges for its competitors,
such as Tesco, Gap, because M & S's competitors has responded more fast for customers'

Essay about Marks and Spencer
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Topic chosen .........................................................................................2 1.2 Reason for choosing
the topic ............................................................... ....3 1.3 Research
approach..................................................................................5
1.4 Aims and objectives of the research.............................................................. 5
2. Information gathering
2.1 Sources of information ............................................................................7 2.2Liabrary
research...................... ..............................................................9 2.3 Limitations of information
gathering .............................................................10 2.4 Explanation of accounting techniques
............................................................11
3. Analysis and presentation
3.1 Financial analysis
General overview
Revenue analysis .......................................................................................13
Profitability
(i) Gross profit margin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These topics gives a chance to explore and develop business analysis ability, financial ratio
calculation and interpretation skills. This project gives an opportunity to deal with a public Co.
financial statement and allows transfer of theoretical knowledge into practical skill.
I developed my interest on M&S, one of the largest retailers in UK and significant international
presence, during my study of other entity's profile. As an ethical entity M&S earned respect from
people. Fairtrade and Plan A was very much appreciated by all level of people. Plan A dramatically
increase the environmental sustainability of the business with in 5 years and expected to cost £ 200
million. The Plan covers 100 commitments over 5 years to address the key social and environmental
challenges facing M&S today and in the future. The commitment span five themes: climate change,
waste, sustainable raw materials, fair partnership and health, with the aim that by 2012. It will
· Become carbon neutral
· Send no waste to landfill
· Extend sustainable sourcing
· Help improve the lives of their supply chain
· Help customers and employees live a healthier life style ( source: wikipedia)
Marks and Spencer has strong trading relationships across the world. The company is a secular

organization embracing all cultures, nationalities, races and religions. They don't support or
themselves to any country, nations, states, Governments,

Situation Analysis of International Marketing Environment...
Situation Analysis of International Marketing Environment
MKT362
Individual Assignment
[pic]
Written by: Ksenia Samsonova
For: Richard Cawley
Date: 25/10/2010
Table of Contents
1. Terms of Reference 3
2. Procedure 3
3. Findings 3 3.1 An analysis of the marketing environment for Spain 5 3.2 A SWOT analysis of
Marks & Spencer PLC for Spain 6
4. Recommendations 9
5. Appendices 11
6. Bibliography 20
1. Terms of Reference
This report will be carried out by Ksenia Samsonova, and it was prepared for Mr. Cawley. The main
aim of this paper is to give a situation analysis of Marks & Spencer in Spain from a view of a
marketing consultant. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fact is increasing the importance of private label references. The importance of price is
resulting in the growing importance of discounters as a place to make daily purchases. Discounters
recorded a positive performance in 2009 and it is a good sign for Marks and Spencer. There is the
arrival on to the Spanish market of low–cost outlets such as Kiabi or Primark, and the good
performance of second–hand shops which will not have a significant change on opening M&S in
Spain. (Ibid)

Marks and Spencer's main competitor would be El Cortes ingles and Mercadona. Also, the Spanish
retail market continues to be dominated by small, mostly family–owned companies. However,
chained retailers increased in importance over the review period. In 2009, Mercadona led the
Spanish retail market, taking El Corte Inglés's position. Mercadona is benefiting from the dropping
price strategy in order to help Spanish consumers deal with the crisis. Also, the company is seeing
sales through its website increase at a strong pace. Meanwhile, El Corte Inglés has suffered from the
poor economic conditions mostly due to its overpriced image. (Ibid)
As seen in previous years, non–store retailing saw a much stronger performance than store–based
retailing in terms of growth in value sales. This was due to the strong performance of Internet
retailing, albeit from a still very low base. The growing popularity of online shopping is a
consequence of the

Social Darwinism: Herbert Spencer and The Catholic Church...
Herbert Spencer was the most important Social Darwinist of the 19th Century. He was the first to
begin thinking about evolutionist long before Darwin came out with his book on the "Origins of
Species". He had many theories such as that everything evolves from one basic creature and then
breaks off into more diverse species (Haberman (Hab.), 171). His theory was that social, political,
and intellectual movements were caused by the development from the homogeneous to the
heterogeneous. Spencer once stated, "If the advance of man towards greater heterogeneity is
traceable to the production of many effects by one cause, still more clearly may the advance of
society towards greater heterogeneity be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is needed in order for the fit to stay on top of the economic and social struggle (Sweet). Spencer
played a large role in the 19th century and the effects on society, religion and politics that would
later affect our world today.
The Catholic Church
As the Catholic Church and its beliefs were still strong in the 19th century, it was about to be
challenged like never before in it's history. A man named Charles Darwin did this through his views
on nature, also challenging biblical theology and raising debates about the beliefs of people. This
uproar fuelled studying of ancient languages and the bible. What resulted was the new fact that the
bible was written by many people, at many different times (Hab). These studies suggested that man,
only to give himself a feeling of belongingness in the world created religion. This brought up major
questions and many doubts in faith to Christians and the Jewish. As well as more legitimacy to the
"Origin of Species" which proved scientifically many faults and untruths in the bible. However to
many, including the Protestants, Darwin was thought to be "The Devil" because of his atheistic
views.
The Catholic Church dealt with Social Darwinists in a way that was different from past methods,
they did not condemn Darwinism, as it

Marketing Plan For Marks And Spencer
Introduction This paper establishes a marketing plan that defines Marks and Spencer situation as
well as a marketing report that will consist of macro factors using PEST. Task One will be a
marketing plan regarding Mark and Spencer's clothing line since the company has faced a recent
loss of a significant proportion of its market share. Therefore, the marketing plan should be able to
construct ways for the company to regain the lost market share. In addition, Task Two will consist of
a Marketing Report that consists of external factors of the company. In the scenario, the marketing
trainee in Marks and Spencer will be designing a report addressed to the marketing manager.
About Marks & Spencer
According to Marks and Spencer Company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marketing plans are significant for business in order to help them achieve their objects and long–
term goals and how much it will cost them as well as knowing the time frame. Marketing plans help
out–line the steps that must be approached for the objectives to be achieved. It also helps the
company to know where they are, where they want to be and how they want to get there. With the
help of marketing plan, it will allow them to know how selling their product allows them to reach a
profitable growth in the long term. Target Audience Marks and Spence targets customers with all
age groups as well as all genders who have a passion for fashion. Nowadays, customers have grown
a great interest on having healthy diets and ethically produced goods (Baker, 2015). As a result,
M&S should focus on ways to attract their customers by producing goods and clothes ethically. This
will allow the brand image to expand since customers would be seeing it as a better choice as it will
be seen harmless to the environment. In addition, M&S should consider focusing on the younger
generations as once Nelson Mandela had said they are the 'children of the future'. Therefore,
younger generations are the ones who spread brands the fastest by wearing them and advertising
them among their peers.
Products and Services Marks and Spencer will be offering as Steve Rowe,

Select An Organization And A Group Of Employees
Learning and Development Chloe Jordan B00279412 Word count– 1590 Select an organisation and
a group of employees. This can be an organisation in which you have experience (as a worker or a
client). These employees are expected to develop the knowledge, skills or attributes (think about the
characteristics of the organisation and the group i.e. their role/s). Identify three methods used to train
and develop these employees and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods and
identify how they could be improved for training and developing employees. Within todays ever–
changing working society, training and development is a key part within any organisation.
Employees are the main capital within organisations which suggests ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Within these stores, there are many different departments and groups of job roles including sales
floor customer assistants, store operations, section managers and store managers
(Careers.marksandspencer.com, 2016). Marks and Spencer are devoted to providing great value and
services to their shareholders and customers within their business, which suggests customer service
is a key part within their organisation (Corporate.marksandspencer.com, 2016). The strategic
direction of Marks and Spencer is to prioritise profitability as well as growing the business,
alongside improving performance in all areas of the organisation (Corporate.marksandspencer.com,
2014). This essay will focus on sales floor customer assistant departments within Marks and
Spencer. There are many different training methods which the organisation utilises to train and
develop their employees in all different departments and groups, however, the three main training
methods used to train sales floor customer assistants within Marks and Spencer are on–the–job
training, coaching and off–the–job training (Blogs.thegrangeschool.net, N.D). According to Pineda
(2010) training within an organisation must be evaluated due to their training needs having to have
beneficial and profitable outcomes for the business. One of the main training methods used within
Marks and Spencer is on–the–job training. Cipd.co.uk (2014) states that on–the–job training is the
most used and effective training method utilised

Improving Customer Demand And Organisational Supply
The main objective of any organisation is to enhance the customer demand and organisational
supply that significantly results in increased business profit. For the specific purpose, Marks and
Spencer needs to improve its customer demand that will directly result in enhanced sales generation.
In the particular consideration, it is essential for organisation to attract new customer base. The aim
of particular research study is to determine the level of customers' demand of selected organisation
and ways in which it changes over time. At the same time, the paper also involves discussion on the
capacity of organisation to meet appropriate products supply. The information for the particular
research study is gathered through primary data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In consideration questionnaire has been designed that tends to involve 5 research relevant questions
taking into account Likert five–point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree notions
that support respondents to provide the most authentic response. In reference to quantitative research
investigation, random sampling techniques have been identified as the relevant aspect. For the
purpose of research examination, sample size of 10 participants were selected from whom responses
has been gathered.
In contrary, secondary data has been gathered from different books, journals and online database
according to the selected research topic. The other sources used for attaining qualitative data involve
magazines, archival records as well as website of Marks and Spencer has been used as well
(Bredillet, Dwivedula, & Müller, 2011).
3. Research Discussion
3.1 Level of Customer Demand
Marks and Spencer has the business strategy to become a market leader surpassing other brands
operating in specific business industry. In particular respect, company can achieve competitive
market position by satisfying the needs of existing customers as well as by significantly enhancing
the potential customer base through offering high quality range of products at preferably affordable
prices. It reflects that the main purpose and objective of organisation is to increase level of customer
demand which will result in higher organisational growth. By

William Shakespeare 's ' Romeo And Juliet '
(At the Quartermaine mansion, Dillon is asleep in his bed. He is sleeping on his back with his bare
chest shown. As he continues to sleep, his mind wanders) ***Fantasy Dream*** Woman: (sings)
"Dillon." (Dillon squints his eyes as he continues to try and sleep) Woman: "Dillon, can you hear
me?" (Dillon opens his eyes in confusion. He could swear he knew that voice) Dillon: "Lulu?"
(Dillon turns his head to face the woman 's voice, revealed to be Lulu) Dillon: "L–Lulu. What–What
are you doing here?" Lulu: (smiles) "I wanted to surprise you." Dillon: (nods) "You certainly did."
(He looks at what she 's wearing. He was mesmerized by her light blue lacy top that showed the
shape of her rounded breasts. He swallows loudly with his mouth open in delight. The straps of the
lingerie are thin and the lacy top goes down to just above her belly button. Her light blue thong
lingerie barely covers her lower area. She takes off her light blue rope that is see through) Dillon:
"You look so beautiful, Lulu." (She smiles as she crawls over him. With her robe on the floor by
Dillon 's bed, she gently sits down on his private area that was covered by his blanket. He groans at
the feel of her body against his cock) Dillon: "Do you have any idea of how much I want you right
now, Lulu? I have dreamed of his moment so many fucking times." (She smiles as she lets her hands
feel his bare chest. He closes his eyes to feel her gentle touches. He deeply breathes as she moves
her hands from

Who Is Ezra And Me?
It was difficult to survive without self–preservation, and I believed all things were fair in love and
war. I don't know what drive men like Ezra and me, Marco to do the things we do. I may be looked
upon as the villain of this love story, but the way I saw it, I am merely did what must be done in
order for justice to be served. Each person has their place in this world– some as leaders and others
as followers.
Ezra was known an honest CEO of a powerful company, and a strong man who had a story of rags
to riches. However, despite his renowned wealth he was still an outsider who did not fit into the
society that he strived to be part of.
***
It was a gloomy day in the Upper East Side. The traffic was minimal, as the sky filled up with gray
clouds; it looked like it was going to rain. The wind brought an eerie chill towards the direction of
two men who could be spotted in the distance, walking down the sidewalk.
"Marco, I love the beautiful Mona. I cannot believe she slipped away. How could she have chosen
such a man, when I love her," confessed Rodrigo.
"Spencer, he is not a fit man for the position he holds. And for god's sake he has chosen Chuck for
the new position. Chuck should have never gotten the job, and Ezra shouldn't even be my boss," I
responded. "I cannot deal with this misery, this weight that is crushing me. If Mona's brother, Ben
knew that his beloved sister was sleeping around with another while he sat undisturbed by this news,
he'd have a heart

Who Moved My Cheese, By Dr. Spencer Johnson
Introduction and summary of the book
Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life,
published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational tale by Dr. Spencer Johnson written in the style of
a parable or business fable. With this book, Dr. Johnson brings out the inherent human fear towards
change and the ways to deal with it.
Most people are fearful of change because they don't believe they have any control over how or
when it happens to them. There is a state of self–denial which holds everyone back. Since change
happens either to the individual or by the individual, Dr. Johnson shows us that what matters most is
the attitude we have about change. The story provides a method of self–reflection and motivation ...
Haw tries to reason Hem into getting back to finding new cheese but Hem is too passive to change.
Finally Haw realizes that 'If you do not change, you can become extinct'. He asks himself what his
fear had led him into and finally breaks the shackles of fear of change and ventures into the maze.
Haw's journey back in the maze is not very easy, depicting that all roads travelled in life are not so
smooth. But once he got the old spirits back, the sense of adventure and accomplishment prevailed.
Finding little cheese in the way kept his hopes high and his self–reflection gave way to new insights
and motivation. 'When you move beyond your fear, you feel free'.
Finding new strength and agility in his thoughts, Haw went back to Hem to persuade him. But to no
avail. But Hem was too afraid of change. Even before trying, he considered that he will not like the
new cheese. Haw, disappointed, returned to his search and came upon the largest pile of cheese he
had ever seen where the mice were already present. But this time, he was aware of the changes that
could happen and hence prepared for any unforeseen

Learning Organisation & Its Core Tenets
Introduction
This essay intends to understand the attributes of the learning organisation and its core tenets .For
this purpose the case example of Tesco is used. The advantages and disadvantages of applying these
practices of Tesco in other established organsiation have been critically analyzed with the help of
specific examples.
What is a learning organisation?
According to Peter Sange, the pioneer of the fifth discipline, learning organizations are organisation
in which people continually expand their capacity to learn in order to produce result which they
truly desire; where innovation and new ways of thinking is encouraged; where collaborative
aspiration is set free and people learn to see the big picture. (Senge, 1990) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The reporting lines are flattened as possible to ensure effective communication, which in turn
contributes to effective knowledge management
From the analysis of Tesco's primary practices, which reflects its status as a learning organsiation, it
is clear that Tesco adhere to learning in all aspects of the organsiation. For the same purpose Tesco
has developed its own academy which was established in 1998, not only helps in the human
resource management of the organisation but also encompasses the knowledge management for the
entire organisation.
(The Scottish govt, 2012)
Advantages of applying the tenets of Tesco:
Tesco as an organisation places emphasis on training and development as more than a HR process. It
attributes them as critical factors for knowledge and learning management within the organization.
Here are the specific advantages of applying such tenets in an established organisation.
Extensive training development like Tesco: Any established organisation should have an established
training and development process. This will enhance the quality of workers within the organisation
The shared value concept: The emphasis on educating people about the values of the company helps
employees to imbibe the culture of the organization.

Company's like John Lewis and Co–operative food have benefitted from this practice of informing
and educating its employees about the core

Accidental Inventions

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Sonia Sanchez

More from Sonia Sanchez (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Accidental Inventions