1. Class Note
On
Ethernet
Course Title: Data Communication
Course code: CSE 313
Submitted To
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of CSE
City University
Submitted By
Somaya Akter
ID: 1834902142
Batch:49th
(B)
Department of CSE
City University
Submission date:17.10.2021
2. What is Ethernet?
Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network (LAN)
Or wide area network (WAN). It enables devices to communicate with each other via a protocol,
which is a set of rules or common network language.
Ethernet describes how network devices format and transmit data so other devices on the same
LAN or campus network can recognize, receive and process the information. An Ethernet cable
is the physical, encased wiring over which the data travels.
Connected devices that use cables to access a geographically localized network -- instead of a
wireless connection -- likely use Ethernet. From businesses to gamers, diverse end users rely on
the benefits of Ethernet connectivity, which include reliability and security.
An Ethernet cable is the most common type of network cable used on a wired network whether at
home or in any other business establishment. This cable connects wired devices together to the
local network for file sharing and Internet access.
3. It does not matter what color my ethernet cable is. The color of the cable does not have any
performance characteristics that would make you want to choose a certain color over the other.
Ethernet cables are used to provide an internet connection, connect devices to a local network.
They plug into Ethernet ports on a variety of devices. The most common use for an Ethernet cable
is connecting a Wi-Fi router or modem to the internet entry port or telephone line.
4. we shall see the difference between WiFi and Ethernet:
WI-FI ETHERNET
It is a networking technology that allows
mobile devices to make wireless connection.
It is a standard communication protocol used
in wired local area network.
WIFI is defined under IEEE 802.11x
standards where x stands for various WiFi
versions.
Ethernet is the second name given to the
prevalent Packet Switched LAN technology.
Wi-Fi means no wires and no wires mean no
ports.
Ethernet requires lots of cabling so there is no
mobility.
It is flexible in nature. It is not flexible in nature.
It offers mobility and flexibility but offers
latency in speed and less efficient in
comparison.
It offers faster data transfer speeds and more
efficient
It is easy to install and deploy. It is difficult to install and time-consuming.
Encrypted data is flow over wireless network. Data flow is not require to be encrypted over
Ethernet.
How ethernet works
IEEE specifies in the family of standards called IEEE 802.3 that the ethernet protocol touches
both layer 1(physical layer) and layer 2(data link layer) on the open system interconnection
(OSI) model.
Ethernet defines two units of transmission: packet and frame. The frame includes the payload of
data being transmitted as well as the following:
• The physical access control (MAC) addresses of both the sender and receiver
• Virtual LAN(VLAN) tagging and quality of service (QOS) information
5. • Error correction information to detect transmission problems
Types of Ethernet cables
• 802.3ac was introduced to accommodate VLAN and priority tagging.
• 802.3af defines Power over Ethernet (PoE), which is crucial to most Wi-Fi and Internet
Protocol (IP) telephony deployments.
• 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax define the equivalent of
Ethernet for WLANs.
• 802.3u ushered in 100BASE-T -- also known as Fast Ethernet -- with data transmission
speeds of up to 100 Mbps. The term BASE-T indicates the use of twisted-pair cabling.
Gigabit Ethernet boasts speeds of 1,000 Mbps -- 1 gigabit or 1 billion bits per second (bps) -- 10
GbE, up to 10 Gbps, and so on.
Ethernet cables connect network devices to the appropriate routers or modems. Different cables
work with different standards and speeds. For example, Category 5 (Cat5) cables support
traditional and 100BASE-T Ethernet. Category 5e (Cat5e) cables can handle GbE, while
Category 6 (Cat6) works with 10 GbE.
LAN technology
Local Area Network (LAN) is a data communication network connecting various terminals or
computers within a building or limited geographical area.
Examples of standard LAN technologies are
Ethernet: -
Ethernet is most widely used LAN Technology, which is defined under IEEE standards 802.3.
The reason behind its wide usability is Ethernet is easy to understand, implement, maintain and
allows low-cost network implementation. Also, Ethernet offers flexibility in terms of topologies
which are allowed.
i) Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet refers to an Ethernet network that can transfer data at a rate of 100 Mbit/s.
ii) Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet delivers a data rate of 1,000 Mbit/s (1 Gbit/s).
6. iii) 10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet is the recent generation and delivers a data rate of 10 Gbit/s (10,000 Mbit/s).
It is generally used for backbones in high-end applications requiring high data rates.
Name IEEE
standard
Data
Rate
Media Type Maximum distance
Ethernet
802.3 10 Mbps 10Base-T 100 meters
Fast Ethernet/
100Base-T 802.3u 100Mbps
100Base-TX
100Base-FX
100 meters
2000 meters
Gigabit Ethernet/
GigE 802.3z 1000
Mbps
1000Base-T
1000Base-SX
1000Base-LX
100 meters
275/550 meters
550/5000 meters
10 Gigabit
Ethernet
IEEE
802.3ac
10 Gbps
10GBase-SR
10GBase-LX4
10GBase-LR/ER
10GBase-SW/LW/EW
300 meters
300 MMF/10km SMF
10km/40km
300 meters/10km/40km
Logical Link Control (LLC) Protocol Data Unit
Logical Link Control (LLC) is a sublayer that generally provides the logic for the data link as it
controls the synchronization, multiplexing, flow control, and even error-checking functions of
DLL (Data Link Layer). DLL is divided into two sublayers i.e., LLC sublayer and MAC
(Medium Access Control) sublayer.
The basic model of LLC protocols is modeled after the HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control).
These protocols are unacknowledged connectionless service, Connection-oriented service, and
acknowledged connectionless service.
