The document discusses zero-rating practices in Europe. It conducted a survey of 32 countries and 225 mobile operators, identifying 186 instances of net neutrality violations through practices like zero-rating and paid prioritization. Zero-rating is defined as providing unlimited data for specific apps/classes of apps, while application-specific data volumes only allow data usage for certain apps. The survey involved a team of six people across four months to comprehensively analyze differential pricing offers in European countries.

1. Zero Rating in Europe
Scarcity as a Business Model
Thomas Lohninger, Carthagena (Colombia) 24.07.2019

5. Innovation without permission

7. Net Neutrality
=
Discrimination Protection

8. technical: throttle/prioritise
economic: cheaper/expensive
2 Types of Discrimination:

10. + Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
+ Zero-Rating
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection

11. + Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
+ Zero-Rating
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection

12. ?

16. Differential Pricing =
Zero-Rating or
Application Specific Data Volume

17. Zero-rating is defined as the practice of an
unlimited data volume for specific applications
or classes of applications.

20. Application specific data volume is the practice
of providing data volume which is only usable for
a specific application or category of applications.

23. Differential Pricing

24. epicenter.works/
document/1522

26. Complete Survey of all Differential Pricing offers
• 32 countries (EEA+CH)
• 225 operators (MNO & MVNO)
• five people that spoke six languages worked for four months
• 186 net neutrality violations identified!

41. Identification Technologies
• IP Adresses
• Domain Names
• Server Name Identification
• URLs
• DNS-Snooping

47. URLs could become billing data!

49. Specialised Services

51. 5GNN

52. 5GNN
5GNN

53. 5GNN
5GNN
5GNN

54. 5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN

55. 5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN

57. en.epicenter.works