My presentation will explain why the board of the Journal of Urban Technology was interested in producing a focus issue on the SmartCities Project. In the US, the term “smart city” has been appropriated by transnational corporations. Their definition of that term, thus, gets traction internationally. Perhaps no corporation’s smart city campaign is bigger than IBM’s with its Smart Planet effort that focuses on cities. That corporation takes a systems approach to the operation of cities. This entails using sensor technologies to gather data, using new analytic approaches to analyze the data, modeling that data, and then managing a client city’s systems based on those models. The stated goals of the program are urban efficiency and global sustainability. Sustainability and efficiency are also the selling points of the smart cities visions of other corporations such as Siemens and Cisco. While the papers in the focus issue of JUT do not argue that cities should be inefficient or unsustainable, they offer an additional task for the new technologies that make smart cities possible—that task is to offer innovative means for citizens to learn about, and participate in, the democratic operation of their government. It is this detailing of innovative means that can now be used to increase democratic participation in the creation and use of government services and government operation that makes this focus issue an important contribution to the international conversation on smart cities and the technologies that enable them.

1. The R&TD Roadmap:
Creating Smarter Cities, Journal of Urban
Technology, 2011 vol. 18 (2)
Richard Hanley, New York City University

2. Contents
Sam Allwinkle and Peter Cruickshank
Overview of the Focus Issue on the North Sea
Region’s SmartCities Project
Mark Deakin, Patrizia Lombardi, and Ian Cooper
The IntelCities Community of Practice: The
Capacity-Building, Co-Design, Evaluation, and
Monitoring of E-Government Services
George Kuk and Marjin Janssen
The Business Models and Information
Architectures of Smart Cities
Loet Leydesdorff and Mark Deakin
The Triple-Helix Model of Smart Cities: A Neo-
Evolutionary Perspective
Andrea Caragliu, Chiara Del Bo, and Peter
Nijkamp
Smart Cities in Europe
Peter Cruickshank
SCRAN: The Network
2

3. The R&TD Roadmap:
Mapping the transition from intelligent to smart
cities, Special Issue of Int. Journal of Intelligent
Buildings, 2011, vol. 3 (3)
Mark Deakin
m.deakin@napier.ac.uk

4. 4

5. Intelligent or smart cities
• For many of us there is no difference between
intelligent and smart cities.
• Many academics and leading consultancies are of the
same opinion and limit their terms of reference to
promotion and administration of services.
• For the authors of the papers brought together in this
special issue, however, this is not the case.
• They believe there is a critical difference between
them and perhaps more importantly, what they
mean……….

6. Shifting the point of emphasis
• Seen in this light the transition from intelligent to
smart cities these papers capture, might be best
represented as a serious attempt to shift the
point of emphasis away from the promotion
and administration of services and towards matters
concerning the governance of their provision and
application i.e. use!

7. Intelligent v smart cities
(Provision and application)
Sustainable development
Civic and
e-gov services
social
Democratic governance
Digital-inclusion
Environmental
Innovation and creativity
intelligent and cultural
Informatics of community-led
values
ventures
associated with
Social intelligence
the quality of
Cybernetics of social capital
life
(promotion & administration) Embedded intelligence
e-services Personal & augmentation,
Business-led logic corporate massing and scaling
Knowledge-transfer smart
Capacity-building
Learning Economics of cost-efficiencies
Platforms
Information systems
Data-bases 7

8. What this means
• This way it becomes possible to do the following:
– bring existing accounts of the transition down from the
high-level university and industrial accounts of intelligent
cities and on to a platform where it becomes possible to
incorporate government into the equation as the ‘other’
major stakeholder…
– use the social intelligence of this system as the means to
break with the marketing, promotion and
administration of the past…..
– set the stage for the smart city agenda to be about the
governance of the environmental and cultural issues
surrounding the quality of life…

9. What this means
– draw upon the socially-inclusive and participatory
nature of the intelligence underlying this
innovation system as the creative means to
support an integration of quality of life issues into
the smart cities agenda…
– allow smart cities to begin delivering on their
sustainable development commitments as part of a
community-led transition.