gardens of india

1. INDIAN GARDENS
Deven Jesani 19SA111
Jinal Jain 19SA122
Radhika Dhangar 19SA143
Srushti Trivedi 19SA155
Srishti Parte 19SA191

2. INDIAN GARDENS
 Mauryan gardens
 Mauryan civilization comprised mainly of
budhhist religionites. They believed in living in
harmony with nature. They had orchards
outside their private enclosures which were
adorned with trees and flowers which in turn
inhabitated birds.
 Hindu gardens
 Hindu Gardens were more of a sacred space
rather than the domestic gardens. These types
of gardens were smaller in citadels while they
were huge in fortified cities. They served as a
space for piousness. They would be sometimes
constructed adjoining to temples.

3. INDIAN GARDENS
 Mughal Gardens
 When the Mughals started ruling india, their
influence could be seen on the landscaping of the
royal properties. they built gardens which were of
different uses. Some of them were tomb gardens and
some were palacial gardens. They believed these
gardens were a microcosm of the world.
 Rajput Gardens
 Having their power mostly from the
Mughals, they had huge gardens that were
seen in their fortified walls and were known
as paradise gardens and were considered a
symbol of status and power.

4. HISTORY OF INDIAN GARDENS
 Indian Gardens have been
conceptualised since long before and
include of various different time periods.
 The history of systematic gardening in
India is as old as civilization of Indus of
Harappan which existed between 2500
B.C and 1750 B.C.
 Aryans came to India in 1600 B.C. They
were literary people and brought with
them the four Vedas viz., Rig Veda,
Artharva Veda, Yuzur Veda and Sam
Veda and the Puranas. They appreciated
the beauty of flowering plants, lakes,
mountains, forests, etc., and named their
children after flowers like Kamal,
Champa, Bela, Chameli, Rukmani, etc.,

5. ELEMENTS OF INDIAN GARDEN

6. MUGHAL GARDENS
 The main elements of Mughal gardens include
running water and a pool to reflect the beauties of
the sky and the garden, different varieties of trees–
to provide shade, to bear colorful and fragrant fruits
or flowers; grass; birds to fill the gardens with song
and the whole cooled by a pleasant breeze.
AXIAL GEOMETRY
 One of the key features of a Mughal garden is its
highly structural geometry. Respecting the axis is
cardinal rule for implementing a Charbagh geometry.
The word literally translates to four gardens. So you
begin with dividing your garden into four equal parts
using axial lines that intersect in the centre of the
garden. You can then create a paved path along the
same axes.

7. CREATE A FOCAL POINT
 Once you've established the intersection of the garden
axes, the next step is to create a focal point. The
Shalimar Bagh has a summer pavilion and the Taj
Gardens have the Taj Mahal. We encourage you to
look for marbled sculpture and other decorative pieces
that compliment your home decor.
RUNNING WATER OR POOLS
 Flowing water and pools is another common theme of a
Mughal garden with reference to the four rivers that flowed
through the Garden of Eden. The joint reflection of the sky
and trees in a pool is symbolic of everything man admires in
nature, a representation of life. Mughal gardens feature canals
and pools along the axes, as well as fountains and waterfalls.

8. ORNAMENTAL DETAILING
 God is indeed in the details. The Mughal gardens include symbolic ornamental detailing inspired from the Quran and
family history, juxtaposed with more secular references like zodiac symbols, numerology and local craftsmanship. You
can add this feature to your garden by using traditional materials or bespoke paver blocks to create the axial paths.

9. COLOURFUL FLOWER BEDS
 The first visual connect you establish with a paradise garden is an expanse of colourful flowers. The gardens are
also sprinkled with fruit trees to symbolise life. While some gardens cultivate flowers in beds planned to
complement the four-part system, traditionally the flowers were allowed to grow wild and bloom.

10. HINDU GARDEN
 A Hindu garden is a tropical paradise resplendent with beautiful
tropical flowers that explode with bright color and sweet aroma.
Other features include shady trees, walkways, water features (such
as natural ponds, waterfalls, or streams), and quiet places to sit and
meditate. Most Hindu Gardens include statues, pedestals, lanterns,
and potted plants. Hindu temple gardens are carefully planned to
reflect the belief that everything is connected.
ALTAR
 An altar is a place where you can sit and meditate in
your garden. For this, find a big stone or a rock of a flat
surface. Clean it and keep it in one corner of your
garden. The dangling branches of trees will give you a
comforting shadow of nature, while tall plants will
surround you, working as a privacy screen, as you sit on
the stone and meditate. Such spots help you relax and
become one with nature!

11. LAMPS
 Lamps have always had a importance in Hindu
culture. To give it more of nature’s touch, bind some
tiny leaves in a thread and surround the lights with
this garland. In the evening, when the bulbs will
glow, it entice your eyes with their glimmering
effect in the surrounding, making garden a perfect
place for an evening stroll.
WATER BODY
 large gardens, have a water fountain or a little pond, to
enhance its beauty by tenfold. Water lilies, irises, and lotus
are planted in the pond, along with some colorful pebbles,
to add attractive elements.

12. HEDGES
 Hedges play an important role in keeping your garden private from prying eyes, especially if you have nosey neighbors. You
can create a fence in the yard with many fragrant flowers like Lantana and Bougainvillea. You can plant Lawsonia Inermis
(Mehandi) tree or bamboo as well as it is considered sacred in Hinduism as Krishna’s bansuri is always made from it.

13. EXAMPLE OF INDIAN GARDEN

14. TAJ MAHAL GARDENS, AGRA
• The garden is an integral part of Taj Mahal
structure.
• It starts from the end of the gateway and ends near
the squared base of mausoleum.
• Persian Timurid style of garden.
• It is filled with flowers, fruits , birds, leaves ,
symmetry and delicacy served with many functions
along with portraying strong.
• The total area of Taj Mahal complex 580 meter by
300 meter of which gardens cover an area of 300 by
300 meter.
• Geometric arrangements of nature
• No attempt was made to give them a natural look
• Architectural attribute to the garden is the usage of
number 4 and its multiples.
• The entire garden is divided into four parts, with
two marble canals studded with fountains crossing
in the centre In each quarter portion, there are 16
flowerbeds - divided by stone paved raised paths.
• Each flowerbed was planted with 400 plants.

15. TAJ MAHAL GARDENS, AGRA
• At the center of the garden is a
raised marble lotus-tank with a
cusped border, which reflects the
Taj in its waters.
• An unhindered view of the
mausoleum from any spot.
• The four walkways that are
identical are differentiated
through their context.
• A number of copper pots were
used for separate fountains in the
north-south canal, lotus pond and
the surrounding canal.
• The main supply of water was
obtained through a series of
earthenware pipes.
• The unique water devices depict
that the Mughal water expert
was a master of his art and
ensured the unobstructed supply
of water for centuries.

16. Plan view of the relationship of Jumuna River, garden pavilion, landscape and mausoleum
Axes of waterways centering landscape Subdivision of landscape into quadrants

17. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF TAJ MAHAL GARDENS
The “Charbagh” is the Mughal garden,
composed by
 Raised pathways that divide the
garden in four parts
 Each of these four quarters into sixteen
sunken parterres or flowerbeds.
 A marble water tank at the center of
the garden, halfway between the tomb
and gateway, along the North-South
axis, reflects the image of the
mausoleum.
 In mystic Islamic texts of Mughal
period, the Paradise is described as an
ideal garden of abundance with four
rivers flowing from a central spring or
mountain along the four cardinal
directions

18. DESIGN, ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF TAJ MAHAL
GARDENS
• Four is considered as holiest number in Islam, all the
arrangements of Charbagh Garden of Taj Mahal are based
on four or its multiples.
• In each quarter portion, there are 16 flowerbeds that have
been divided by stone paved raised pathways.
• Early accounts of garden describes its profusion od
vegetation, including abundant Roses, Daffodils and Fruit
Trees.
• By the end of 19th century, the British Empire they
changed the landscaping to their liking which closely
resembles the formal lawns of London.
• In their ideal form then, the charbagh gardens were laid
out
 as a square or rectangle subdivided into four equal
parts;
 the rivers were represented by shallow canals which
separate
 the garden by flowing towards the cardinal points.