Zoonotic Influenza
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This document defines key terms related to zoonotic influenza such as zoonosis, influenza, pandemic, and epidemic. It then provides information about influenza A viruses. Specifically, it notes that influenza A is made up of 8 gene segments that code for 10 proteins, including hemagglutinin and neuraminidase which determine aspects of the virus and are used to classify strains, such as H1N1. It describes how these proteins control how the virus interacts with host cells during the infection process.
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Zoonotic Influenza
- 2. Definitions: • Zoonosis: “disease of animals transmissible to humans under natural conditions” • Influenza: “an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, epidemics, and pandemics, caused by Influenzavirus A, B or C … “ (AKA “The Flu”) • Pandemic: “A widespread epidemic of a disease” • Epidemic: “Occurring suddenly in numbers clearly in excess of normal.” Sharmaine Villamor 2
- 3. Zoonotic Influenza Pictures Sharmaine Villamor 3
- 4. RNA Virus (smaller than a cell) Has no cell wall Invades other cells Alters the infected cell and its DNA Sharmaine Villamor 4
- 5. ♥♥♥ ►► Influenza A is made of 8 parts, called segments Those 8 segments are used to make 10 larger components called gene products These determine certain aspects of the virus Include products called Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase, or HA and NA for short. Commonly recognized in the name of the strain of the virus, such as “H1N1” Sharmaine Villamor 5
- 6. Control how this virus interacts with the host cell HA: How well the virus gets along with the host cell1 Friend or foe: “Do I know you?” Come on in, make yourself at home… NA: How well the children of the virus can detach from the inside of the host cell to spread to other cells Allows the children to “leave the nest” Children move in with someone else, start their own families Why we classify the strain by the H and N variations. HA and NA? Sharmaine Villamor 6
- 7. Hey, look, it’s a party! (The door is open…with the right HA key…) Mix with your friends Decide to stay (Hey, why not, the food is free, and the party never stops?) Start talking to the other DNA segments Spread some urban myths How about a little Antigenic Drift? Have children, (slow random genetic changes) Kick the kids out when they’re old enough (replication) What happens next? Sharmaine Villamor 7
- 8. Sharmaine Villamor 8 Common Zoonotic Disease Question Areas