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郑蓉
福建省林业科学研究院
2018年6月26日
麻竹生长特性与资源概况1
麻竹林经营与利用研究2
笋用林高效可持续经营措施3
思考与展望4
目 录
Contents
一、麻竹生长特性与资源概况
麻竹生长特性
• 竹亚科牡竹属大型丛生竹,因各地栽培品种不
同,形态差异较大。
形态特征
• 出笋期5-11月,主枝和侧芽萌发能力好,开
花较常见。
生物学特性
• 喜温暖湿润,忌霜冻寒冷,年平均温度16-
26℃以上,不耐-3℃以下的低温,年降雨量
1000-3000mm,微酸性至酸性土壤。
生态学特性
• 产福建、台湾、广东、
广西、海南、四川、重
庆、贵州、云南等。
• 在浙江南部麻竹和江西
南部亦见少量栽培。越
南、缅甸有分布。
麻竹林资源概况
麻竹笋主要产区
1
3
4
广东省英德市
2005年被评为“中国麻竹笋之乡”,2013年全市48万亩,笋竹产值4.72亿元,成为全省乃至全
国最大的麻竹笋种植基地。“西牛麻竹笋”地理标志产品保护。
福建省漳州市南靖县
1998年评为“中国麻竹之乡”,现有麻竹笋种植面积28万亩,年产笋16.8万元吨,竹材22.4万吨,总产值6亿元,
是福建最大麻笋出口基地。2012年通过国家农业部绿色食品办公室考核,成为全国首个麻竹笋绿色食品原料标
准化生产基地;2013年6月被授予“省级出口食品农产品质量安全示范区”。“南靖麻笋”国家地理标志证明商标。
重庆市荣昌县
2004年被评为“中国麻竹笋之乡”,2001年开始退耕还林种植麻竹。全县以麻竹为主的笋竹产业基地面积15
万亩,实现年加工销售麻竹笋8万吨,鲜竹粽叶9000吨,原竹1万吨,竹削片2万吨,生产竹胶合板2.1万立
方米,麻竹产业年总产值达到4.24亿元。2013年12月被批准建立“国家麻竹生物产业基地”。
广西省贺州市、海南省白沙县、云南省陇川县、四川省、贵州省
2
二、麻竹林经营与利用研究
生物学生态
学特性
良种选育种
苗繁育
丰产栽培
笋竹加工与
利用
生态效益分
析
产业发展战
略 选地建园 种苗繁育 合理密植
科学施肥 中耕培土 合理灌溉
病虫害
防治
适时采收 合理留苗
关键技术措施
三、笋用林高效可持续经营措施
现代竹林经营指导思想:依靠自然力,调整竹林结构为中心,土壤改良措施为辅,建立良
性循环的竹林生态系统,用合理的投入,取得最好经营效果。
基本要素
林分结构调控
关键环节
水肥管理
重要措施
育笋采收
重要措施
竹林更新
必要环节
病虫害防治
03
04 05
01 02
综合效益
竹林复合经营06
林分结构调控
林分
密度
年龄
结构 分布
结构
叶面积
指数
林分密度:依据丛围
大小,4-6株/丛,25-
30丛/亩
年龄组成:1:2年生=
1:1或2:1,最多保留
1株3年生
分布结构:分布均匀、
整齐度>8
叶面积指数:5-6
水肥管理
01
种类:有机肥、复合肥、配方肥
时间:春肥、笋期肥
合理施用肥料
02
采笋、采伐剩余物
提高土壤肥力
03
春湿、夏排、秋灌、冬控
科学及时灌溉
01
水肥管理
02
03
育笋与采收
竹林更新
合理留苗 科学采伐 定向 培育
病虫害防治
无公害
栽培
营林措施
为基础
加强竹林科
学管理,提
高管理水平
做好监测预
报和施行预
防措施。
及时综合
防治
物理防治 生物防治
化学防治(低毒、
有毒成分易分解
或降解的农药)、
安全隔离期。
竹笋夜蛾、竹象虫、
竹螟、竹蚜虫、
竹煤病
竹林复合经营
广西百色50亩麻竹林,竹下养鸡,一
年两批鸡,一季笋,隔年一次竹材,
年收入近10万元。
林下种植草珊瑚,最
高可产鲜草珊瑚4吨,
干品600公斤以上。
林下种植竹荪,鲜竹荪
产量可达到
1000kg/667m2,产值为
22000元/667m2, 净收入
为15000元/667m2。
四、思考与展望
01 02
0304
竹笋无公害栽培
竹林可持续规模化经营
综合效益提升
高精深产品研发
感谢您的聆听,敬请指正。

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