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主要汇报内容:
• 1 丛生笋用竹的特点
• 2 重要的优质笋用竹种
• 3 我国丛生笋用竹开发现状
• 4 特优笋用竹种甜龙竹高效培育
1 丛生笋用竹的特点
• 丛生竹是世界竹类资源的重要组成部分(80%,70%);
• 在我国南部和西南地区占有主导地位(60%以上);
• 种类丰富、分布广泛(食用品种100种以上);
• 笋体肥大、产量较高(每亩产笋可达3吨以上);
• 品质优良、脆嫩可口;
• 成丛生长、适应性强:没有地下横向发展的竹鞭系
统,适于在地形复杂的山区种植和发展,不占农地。
有效助推“乡村振兴”和精准扶贫。
• 丛生竹具有成材周期短、笋材产量高、
分布范围广的特点和优势;
• 但由于丛生竹的生物学特性、生态习性、
个体及群体结构、培育措施和加工技术
等都与一般散生竹有着根本区别,丛生
竹的培育和开发都相对滞后;
• 由于丛生竹主要分布于经济和技术相对
不发达的东南亚、南亚、南美和非洲,
在整体上研究深度不够,研究水平不高。
加强对丛生竹技术创新和推广,辐射世
界丛生竹产区,可有效助推“一带一路”
战略规划。
2 我国重要丛生笋用竹种
牡竹属
• 1 麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)
• 2 甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii )
• 3 版纳甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus hamiltonii )
绿竹属
• 4 绿竹(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami)
• 5 吊丝球竹(Dendrocalamopsis basihirsuta)
• 6 大头典竹( D. beecheyana var. pubescens )
香竹属
• 7 香竹(Chimonocalamus delicatus)
空竹属
• 8 香糯竹( Cephalostachyum pergracile )
箭竹属
• 9 云南箭竹(Fargesia yunnanensis)
思劳竹属
• 10 小薄竹(Schizostachyum pingbianense)
麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)
麻竹是我国重要笋用竹种,主产福建、广东、
广西、台湾、海南等省区,西至滇东南。
麻竹笋可鲜食和价格各类笋产品
传统主导产品:发酵笋干
甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii )
秆高可达20m以上,直径可达15-20cm
传统食用,笋体肥大、肉质细嫩、口感鲜甜
特别适宜鲜食,亦可加工。
甜龙竹林的高附加值产品:竹虫
竹蠹螟(Omphisa fuscidentali)幼虫
许多民族都喜食善捕,传统美味佳肴
绿竹(Dendrocalamopsis oldhami)
优质笋用竹种,主产中国福建、台湾
福建省尤溪县是“中国绿竹之乡”
中国国家地理标志产品
香竹(Chimonocalamus delicatus)
薛纪如教授发表的新属(11种)
节间空腔内具有淡黄色芳香油脂
滇南地区传统优质食用品种,抗寒性
当地群众均以“香笋”相称
香糯竹(Cephalostachyum pergracile )
烧制竹筒饭最佳品种“糯米香竹”
少数民族对柱子的一种特殊利用方式
云南箭竹(Fargesia yunnanensis)
“香笋竹”笋质优良,具有较好的抗寒性
小薄竹(Schizostachyum pingbianense)
四季产笋的优质笋用竹种,笋质脆嫩
• 中国竹林培育技术和竹产品开发水平均居于世界领先地位;
• 我国竹产业较为发达的东部地区,竹资源是以散生竹为主;
• 对丛生竹资源的高效培育和产业化开发处于薄弱环节。
• 当前亟待解决的关键技术问题:
• (1)适于工业化利用的丛生竹优良品种选育与推广
• (2)规模化优质竹林资源高效培育技术研发与示范
• (3)丛生竹笋加工及产业化开发新技术集成与创新
3 我国重要丛生笋用竹的现状
我国丛生笋用竹开发存在的问题:
• (1)资源零星分散、种源良莠不齐、种苗质量较
差,有待加强优良种质资源发掘和创新。
• (2)缺乏优良品种和优质种苗,有待采用先进技
术手段加强优良品种选育和快速繁殖技术研发。
• (3)缺乏能形成规模化的主导品种和规模化优质
资源,制约着工厂化生产和产业化开发。
• (4)缺乏技术共享平台和协作机制,东西部发展
不平衡,技术和成果集成程度不够。
• (5)加工企业规模小,未形成产品关联度高、规
模较大及带动能力强的龙头企业,缺少附加值高、
市场竞争力和占有率高的特色品牌产品。
4 特优笋用竹种甜龙竹高效培育
代数 秆基长(cm) 秆基粗(cm) 芽目数(对)
发笋、长竹情况
1-2目 3-4目 5-6目 7-8目
第一代 8 4.3 4 隐、成竹各1支 隐 — —
第二代 14 7.9 6 成竹、退笋各1支 成竹1、退笋1 隐 —
第三代 23 10.7 8 成竹、退笋各1支 成竹2、挖笋1 挖笋1、退笋1 隐
第四代 26 12.2 8 成竹、退笋各1支 成竹2、挖笋1 挖笋、退笋1 隐
表1 甜龙竹地下茎根篼系统发笋规律观测统计表
时间 7.18 7.25 8.1 8.8 8.15 8.22 8.29 9.5 9.12 9.19
秆高 2.0 16.1 38.6 90.0 179.3 283.7 396.5 498.2 618.0 692.3
高增量 0 14.1 22.5 51.4 89.3 104.4 112.8 101.7 119.8 74.3
时间 9.26 10.4 10.11 10.18 10.25 11.1 11.3 11.5 11.8
秆高 774.9 873.6 954.3 1023.4 1093.8 1163.1 1194.6 1196.3 1196.6
高增量 82.6 98.7 80.7 69.1 70.4 69.3 31.5 1.7 0.3
表3 云南甜龙竹高生长观测数据统计表 单位:cm
项目 初期 盛期 末期 合计 平均
时间 7.24之前 7.24-8.21 8.21-10.16 发笋历期120天
发笋数 92 270 67 429
占全期百分率% 21.4% 62.9% 15.6%
平均笋地径(cm) 10.81 11.50 9.80 10.70
平均笋重(kg) 4.76 4.98 4.52 4.75
表2 云南甜龙竹成竹发笋规律分析统计表
云南甜龙竹生长模式
4.2 林分结构特征及个体结构规律
4.3 丰产培育技术试验
采用三因素、三水平正交试验,证明各因素对云南甜龙竹鲜笋产量影
响的重要性次序为A(竹丛度/结构)、C(肥料配比)、B(年施肥量)。
最优组合为:A1(竹丛度22 ),B3(施肥量10kg/亩),C2(肥料配比4/2/4)
表4 云南甜竹正交试验结果分析
指 标 因素重要性次序
极 差
最优水平组合
RA RB RC
发 笋 数 A>C>B 71.67 11.35 15.35 A1B3C2
发 笋 率 A>C>B 32.73 8.83 15.1 A3B3C2
竹笋地径 A>C>B 1.36 0.30 0.69 A3B1C2
鲜笋产量 A>C>B 210.26 59.60 84.58 A1B3C2
4.4 丰产竹林结构分析
丛生笋用竹的林分结构主要包括10个主要结构因子(见下表)。
表5 云南甜竹人工竹林丰产结构因子建议指标一览表
竹林结构因子 建议指标 竹林结构因子 建议指标
物种组成 合理的竹阔混交 竹丛直径(m) 2-3
竹丛度(丛/亩) 22 丛秆数(秆/丛) 18-22
竹秆直径(cm) 11.5 竹秆整齐度 u=6.0
秆龄结构 45︰45︰10︰0 分布均匀度 E=0.7
叶面积指数 L=4.0 立竹度(秆/亩) 440
甜龙竹
优良品种
生态栽培
试验基地
德宏州芒市
坝竹河
甜龙竹
试验基地
保山昌宁县
勐统乡
甜龙竹
试验基地
临沧临翔区
马台乡
甜龙竹
试验基地
“十三五”
科研专项
甜龙竹
试验基地
Hui Chaomao_Shoot-oriented sympodial bamboo and Dendrocalamus Brandisii Forests
Hui Chaomao_Shoot-oriented sympodial bamboo and Dendrocalamus Brandisii Forests
Hui Chaomao_Shoot-oriented sympodial bamboo and Dendrocalamus Brandisii Forests

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