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珍稀濒危筇竹保护与减贫协同发展研究
Research on synergistic development of protection and poverty
reduction of rare and endangered Qiongzhuea tumidinoda
• 1.珍稀濒危
• Rare and endangered
• 筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)
又称罗汉竹,是禾本科竹亚科筇竹
属竹种,小型混生竹类,秆高1.5-
7.0m,胸径0.5-3.5cm;属于国
家三级保护的两个竹种之一。
• 2.分布狭窄
• Narrowly distributed
• 筇竹为中国西南地区所特有,仅分
布于金沙江下游川滇两省的狭长地
带。主要分布在云南省昭通市北部
和四川省雷波、长宁、兴文、筠连、
叙永、马边等县。喜生于温凉湿润
的山地湿性常绿阔叶林下。
• 在昭通市境内主要集中在湿度线以
北8个县(区),分布中心区域的
大关县达1.39万hm2 ,占全国筇竹
面积的50%以上,堪称“中国筇竹
之乡”。
• 3.生态经济
• Ecological economy
• 筇竹笋味甘鲜嫩、营养丰富,是云南
省传统的出口创汇大宗商品。
• 竹秆秆环极度隆起,姿态秀丽,具有
极高的工艺价值和观赏价值。
• 分布海拔与高寒山区人口的居住范围
一致,是群众主要经济来源。
• 4.文化深厚
• Profound culture
• 节高扶老—忠孝两全;苏武牧羊:使
节杖,象征着国家、尊严、气节;筇
竹—又名扶老竹;晋戴凯之《竹谱》
亦有“竹之堪杖,莫尚于筇”。
• 南方丝路—历史见证;《史记·大宛列
传》张骞曰:“臣在大夏时,见筇竹
杖、蜀布” 。
• 筇竹古寺—因竹而生。“地产灵山,
白象呈祥,青狮献瑞;天开胜境,犀
牛表异,筇竹传奇”。
• 1.森林资源破坏
• Destruction of forest resources
• 元、明、清三代:昭通(镇雄、彝
良、威信)、(大关、永善、绥江)
两个筇竹分布中心,筇竹面积≥6万
h㎡。
• 20世纪90年代:筇竹面积降至1.72
万h㎡ 。
• 生物多样性下降。
• 2. 筇竹“公地悲剧”
• The "tragedy of the public land"
• 林权不明晰:长期以来,林下筇竹
不被重视,所有者缺乏监管,形成
人人可采,无序采笋局面;
• 掠夺式采笋:3-4月发笋期 “地毯式”
搜寻,见笋就采;
• 3.资源低效利用
• Low efficiency utilization of resources
• 竹笋加工粗放:鲜笋出售
和制作笋干、盐渍笋等为
主,加工水平较低;
• 竹秆普遍浪费:传统竹秆
制品仅有筇竹杖和竹家具
装饰,但用量极少。分株
的寿命为5年,绝大多数
自生自灭。
1.粗放开发对筇竹资源的影响
The impact of extensive exploitation of resources
高寒山区→贫困压力→筇竹资源→无序开发→过度采笋→生物减少→竹林退
化(开花死亡)→生态脆弱→资源匮乏→贫困加剧
• (一)筇竹资源保护措施
• Conservation measures for Qiongzhuea
tumidinoda resources
• 1.加强筇竹基础和应用研究
• Strengthen the Qiongzhuea tumidinoda basic and
applied research
• 筇竹生物学生态学→种子特性与育苗技术
→退化天然竹林恢复关键技术→人工造林
与生态高效培育技术
• 筇竹生物多样性→植物多样性调查→野生
经济植物筛选
• 2.改造低质低效天然筇竹林
• Transformation of low quality and low efficiency
natural Qiongzhuea tumidinoda forest
• 保护生物多样性→结构调整→林地垦覆→
控制采笋
• 3.培育生态高效人工筇竹林
• Cultivation of ecological and efficient artificial
Qiongzhuea tumidinoda forest
• ⑴筇竹与药用树种混交林—厚朴、黄柏等;
• ⑵筇竹与木本蔬菜树种混交林—楤木;
• ⑶筇竹与珍稀树种混交林—红豆杉、珙桐等;
• ⑷大径级筇竹定向培育—圆竹家具和工艺用材。
• 4.明晰林权加强管理
• Clear forest ownership and strengthen management
• (二)传统产业转型升级
• Transformation and upgrade of traditional
industry
• 1.科技创新深化竹笋加工
• Technology innovation to deepen bamboo
shoot processing
• 单一原料(盐渍笋、笋干)→多元产品
(清水笋、调味笋、超高压保鲜竹笋、
冷库冷链物流等)
• 2.技术革新强化竹材利用
• Technological innovation to strengthen the
utilization of bamboo wood
• 传统竹杖→新型节杖→国之重礼
• 传统家具装饰→现代圆竹家具
(三)筇竹保护与减贫协同效果
• Synergistic effect of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda
protection and poverty reduction
• 1.资源面积不断扩大
• Expanding the area of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda
• 大关:20世纪90年代(7136.67h㎡)
→2018年(1.39万h㎡ )
• 2.产量质量明显提升
• Yield and quality significantly improved
• 大关: 20世纪90年代竹笋产量:
1000t→2018年8000多t;竹笋单产50kg
/亩→丰产:500kg/亩
• 个体:分株形态胸径≤1cm→胸径≥2cm
的竹秆占30%以上
• 健康:正常生长健康分株→≥90%
• 3.筇竹减贫效益突出
• Qiongzhuea tumidinoda highlight the
benefits of poverty reduction
• 大关县:2018年产区群众采笋收
入≥8000元/人→3.69万人稳
定脱贫→14.8万余人受益。
• 4.打造“一县一品”产业
• Createing "One county one product"
industry
• 大关县:倾力打造“一县一品”
筇竹产业→2026年:筇竹面积
上升到3.63万h㎡,筇竹产业年
总产值将达50亿元。
一根竹子→一条古道→一座寺庙→一个产业
→一部史诗,这就是筇竹前世今生的传奇……

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Dong Wenyuan_Protection of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda

  • 1. 珍稀濒危筇竹保护与减贫协同发展研究 Research on synergistic development of protection and poverty reduction of rare and endangered Qiongzhuea tumidinoda
  • 2.
  • 3. • 1.珍稀濒危 • Rare and endangered • 筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda) 又称罗汉竹,是禾本科竹亚科筇竹 属竹种,小型混生竹类,秆高1.5- 7.0m,胸径0.5-3.5cm;属于国 家三级保护的两个竹种之一。 • 2.分布狭窄 • Narrowly distributed • 筇竹为中国西南地区所特有,仅分 布于金沙江下游川滇两省的狭长地 带。主要分布在云南省昭通市北部 和四川省雷波、长宁、兴文、筠连、 叙永、马边等县。喜生于温凉湿润 的山地湿性常绿阔叶林下。 • 在昭通市境内主要集中在湿度线以 北8个县(区),分布中心区域的 大关县达1.39万hm2 ,占全国筇竹 面积的50%以上,堪称“中国筇竹 之乡”。
  • 4. • 3.生态经济 • Ecological economy • 筇竹笋味甘鲜嫩、营养丰富,是云南 省传统的出口创汇大宗商品。 • 竹秆秆环极度隆起,姿态秀丽,具有 极高的工艺价值和观赏价值。 • 分布海拔与高寒山区人口的居住范围 一致,是群众主要经济来源。 • 4.文化深厚 • Profound culture • 节高扶老—忠孝两全;苏武牧羊:使 节杖,象征着国家、尊严、气节;筇 竹—又名扶老竹;晋戴凯之《竹谱》 亦有“竹之堪杖,莫尚于筇”。 • 南方丝路—历史见证;《史记·大宛列 传》张骞曰:“臣在大夏时,见筇竹 杖、蜀布” 。 • 筇竹古寺—因竹而生。“地产灵山, 白象呈祥,青狮献瑞;天开胜境,犀 牛表异,筇竹传奇”。
  • 5. • 1.森林资源破坏 • Destruction of forest resources • 元、明、清三代:昭通(镇雄、彝 良、威信)、(大关、永善、绥江) 两个筇竹分布中心,筇竹面积≥6万 h㎡。 • 20世纪90年代:筇竹面积降至1.72 万h㎡ 。 • 生物多样性下降。 • 2. 筇竹“公地悲剧” • The "tragedy of the public land" • 林权不明晰:长期以来,林下筇竹 不被重视,所有者缺乏监管,形成 人人可采,无序采笋局面; • 掠夺式采笋:3-4月发笋期 “地毯式” 搜寻,见笋就采;
  • 6. • 3.资源低效利用 • Low efficiency utilization of resources • 竹笋加工粗放:鲜笋出售 和制作笋干、盐渍笋等为 主,加工水平较低; • 竹秆普遍浪费:传统竹秆 制品仅有筇竹杖和竹家具 装饰,但用量极少。分株 的寿命为5年,绝大多数 自生自灭。
  • 7. 1.粗放开发对筇竹资源的影响 The impact of extensive exploitation of resources 高寒山区→贫困压力→筇竹资源→无序开发→过度采笋→生物减少→竹林退 化(开花死亡)→生态脆弱→资源匮乏→贫困加剧
  • 8.
  • 9. • (一)筇竹资源保护措施 • Conservation measures for Qiongzhuea tumidinoda resources • 1.加强筇竹基础和应用研究 • Strengthen the Qiongzhuea tumidinoda basic and applied research • 筇竹生物学生态学→种子特性与育苗技术 →退化天然竹林恢复关键技术→人工造林 与生态高效培育技术 • 筇竹生物多样性→植物多样性调查→野生 经济植物筛选 • 2.改造低质低效天然筇竹林 • Transformation of low quality and low efficiency natural Qiongzhuea tumidinoda forest • 保护生物多样性→结构调整→林地垦覆→ 控制采笋
  • 10. • 3.培育生态高效人工筇竹林 • Cultivation of ecological and efficient artificial Qiongzhuea tumidinoda forest • ⑴筇竹与药用树种混交林—厚朴、黄柏等; • ⑵筇竹与木本蔬菜树种混交林—楤木; • ⑶筇竹与珍稀树种混交林—红豆杉、珙桐等; • ⑷大径级筇竹定向培育—圆竹家具和工艺用材。 • 4.明晰林权加强管理 • Clear forest ownership and strengthen management
  • 11. • (二)传统产业转型升级 • Transformation and upgrade of traditional industry • 1.科技创新深化竹笋加工 • Technology innovation to deepen bamboo shoot processing • 单一原料(盐渍笋、笋干)→多元产品 (清水笋、调味笋、超高压保鲜竹笋、 冷库冷链物流等) • 2.技术革新强化竹材利用 • Technological innovation to strengthen the utilization of bamboo wood • 传统竹杖→新型节杖→国之重礼 • 传统家具装饰→现代圆竹家具
  • 12. (三)筇竹保护与减贫协同效果 • Synergistic effect of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda protection and poverty reduction • 1.资源面积不断扩大 • Expanding the area of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda • 大关:20世纪90年代(7136.67h㎡) →2018年(1.39万h㎡ ) • 2.产量质量明显提升 • Yield and quality significantly improved • 大关: 20世纪90年代竹笋产量: 1000t→2018年8000多t;竹笋单产50kg /亩→丰产:500kg/亩 • 个体:分株形态胸径≤1cm→胸径≥2cm 的竹秆占30%以上 • 健康:正常生长健康分株→≥90%
  • 13. • 3.筇竹减贫效益突出 • Qiongzhuea tumidinoda highlight the benefits of poverty reduction • 大关县:2018年产区群众采笋收 入≥8000元/人→3.69万人稳 定脱贫→14.8万余人受益。 • 4.打造“一县一品”产业 • Createing "One county one product" industry • 大关县:倾力打造“一县一品” 筇竹产业→2026年:筇竹面积 上升到3.63万h㎡,筇竹产业年 总产值将达50亿元。