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Zaman Kegemilangan Islam -
Abbasiyah



Latarbelakang Pemerintahan Islam

   Terdiri dari 3 zaman yang besar – Khalifah ArRashidun (Kurun 7
   Masehi), Ummayad Dynasty (Kurun 7/8 Masehi) dan Abbasiyah
   Dynasty (Kurun 8 dan 9 Masehi).

   Pemerintahan bermula dari golongan politik yang berbeza.

   Pusat pemerintahan juga berbeza – Kota Madinah, Damascus dan
   Baghdad.
Salah silah Keturunan
Pemerintahan
                             Qusay

                           Abdul Manaf


                  Abd Al-Syam         Hasyim
                   Umaiyah           Abdul Mutalib


      Abu Al-As              Harb Abu Talib Abdullah Al-Abbas      Hamzah

Al-Hakkam          Affan   Abu Suffian

                           Muawiyah                     Abdullah
                                       Ali   Muhammad
Marwan            Uthman     Yazid             (SAW)
                                                          Ali
Khalifah Mahsyur di Zaman
Abbasiyah
 Khalifah Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur (754 –
 775 M)
 Khalifah Harun Al-Rasyid (786 – 809
 M)
 Khalifah Al-Makmun (809 – 813M)
Perkembangan Intelek
 Berkembang pesat di zaman Pemerintahan
 Al-Makmun
   Kemajuan berterusan dari Pemerintahan
   sebelumnya
   Pemerintah berilmu dan faham dalam ilmu
   Islam, bahasa, sastera
   Menggalakkan usaha-usaha penyelidikan
   Mengasaskan Pusat Intelek “Darul Hikmah”
   Pembinaan kilang kertas giatkan usaha
   penulisan
   Memberi hadiah istimewa sebagai insentif
   Negara Aman
Tokoh-tokoh Islam
 Pakar Penterjemah Bahasa – Yahya Al-
 Batiq, Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih, Hunain Ibn
 Ishak.
 Pakar Perubatan dan falsafah- Al-Kindi
 Pakar perubatan – Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih,
 Hunain Ibn Ishak
 Pakar matematik dan astronomi – Al-
 Asturlabi, Al-Khawarizmi, Al-Battani
 Pakar Sains – Jabir Hayyah Al-Fazi (Kitab
 Al-Tajmin, Al-Zibad, Al-Sharqi)
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                                                                                             Pakar Matematiks dan Sains
                                                                                                                                                             Muhamad ibn Musa Al-
                                                                                                                                                             Khawarizmi
                                                                                                                                                               Pengasas Ilmu Algebra berdasarkan
                                                                                                                                                               Kitab yang ditulisnya, Kitab Al-Jabr
                                                                                                                                                               wal-Muqabala.
                                                                                                                                                               Terma Algorithm juga di ambil dari
                                                                                                                                                               nama Al-Khawarizmi.
                                                                                                                                                               Memperkenalkan sistem number Arab
                                                                                                                                                               dan juga sistem number Hindu-Arab.
                                                                                                                                                               Pakar Geography dalam menentukan
                                                                                                                                                               keluasan sebenar Laut Mediterranean.
The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.




                                                                                             Algebra dan Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                             Algebra
                                                                                                                                                               “His systematic and logical approach to    where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0, the equation becomes a
                                                                                                                                                               solving linear and quadratic equations     linear equation.)

                                                                                                                                                               gave shape to the discipline of algebra”

                                                                                                                                                             Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                               an algorithm is a sequence of finite
                                                                                                                                                               instructions, often used for calculation and
                                                                                                                                                               data processing.
The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.




                                                                                             Pakar Sains
                                                                                                                                                             Abū Alī al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan
                                                                                                                                                             ibn al-Haytham (Ibnu Al-
                                                                                                                                                             Haytham)
                                                                                                                                                               Pengasas Ilmu Optik dalam buku yang
                                                                                                                                                               dikarangnya “Book of Optic”.
                                                                                                                                                                 “The most important development of the
                                                                                                                                                                 scientific method was the use of experiments to
                                                                                                                                                                 distinguish between competing scientific theories
                                                                                                                                                                 set within a generally empirical orientation, which
                                                                                                                                                                 began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham
                                                                                                                                                                 is also regarded as the father of optics, especially
                                                                                                                                                                 for his empirical proof of the intromission theory
                                                                                                                                                                 of light.”
The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.




                                                                                             Pakar Perubatan
                                                                                                                                                             Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd
                                                                                                                                                             Allāh ibn Sīnā Balkhi‘ (Ibnu
                                                                                                                                                             Sina)
                                                                                                                                                               Kurun ke-9 Masehi, Baghdad mempunyai
                                                                                                                                                               800 doktors.
                                                                                                                                                                  “great discoveries in the understanding of
                                                                                                                                                                  anatomy and diseases were made. The
                                                                                                                                                                  clinical distinction between measles and
                                                                                                                                                                  smallpox was discovered during this time.”

                                                                                                                                                               Pengarang buku , The Canon of Medicine
                                                                                                                                                               and The Book of Healing menjadi satu
                                                                                                                                                               Ensaiklopedia Perubatan semasa.
Pakar Astronomi
 Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-
 Battānī
   Memperdalami ilmu peredaran Bumi. “One of his
   best-known achievements in astronomy was the
   determination of the solar year as being 365
   days, 5 hours, 46 minutes and 24 seconds.”
   He also calculated the values for the precession
   of the equinoxes (54.5" per year, or 1° in 66
   years) and the inclination of Earth's axis (23°
   35').
   Memperkenalkan konsep Trigonometry, tan a =
   sin a / cos a.
Pakar Kimia
 Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān
   Pengasas Ilmu Kimia
     “A number of chemical processes
     such as distillation techniques and
     the production of alcohol were
     developed in the Muslim world and
     then spread to Europe.”
     Motto, "is that you should perform
     practical work and conduct
     experiments, for he who performs
     not practical work nor makes
     experiments will never attain the
     least degree of mastery."[
Kegunaan Kimia
 Made improvement of many manufacturing processes, such
 as making steel and other metals, preventing rust,
 engraving gold, dyeing and waterproofing cloth, tanning
 leather, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other
 substances.
 developed the use of manganese dioxide in glassmaking, to
 counteract the green tinge produced by iron — a process
 that is still used today.
 He noted that boiling wine released a flammable vapor,
 thus paving the way for the discovery of ethanol (alcohol)
 by Al-Kindi and Al-Razi.
 invented a kind of paper that resisted fire, and an ink that
 could be read at night.
 He invented an additive which, when applied to an iron
 surface, inhabited rust and when applied to a textile, would
 make it water repellent.
Akhir Kata
 Cendikiawan Islam lebih
 terkehadapan dari yang lain
 Khazanah Islam amat banyak
 Buat yang terbaik untuk kegunaan
 orang ramai.

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Zaman kegemilangan

  • 1. Zaman Kegemilangan Islam - Abbasiyah Latarbelakang Pemerintahan Islam Terdiri dari 3 zaman yang besar – Khalifah ArRashidun (Kurun 7 Masehi), Ummayad Dynasty (Kurun 7/8 Masehi) dan Abbasiyah Dynasty (Kurun 8 dan 9 Masehi). Pemerintahan bermula dari golongan politik yang berbeza. Pusat pemerintahan juga berbeza – Kota Madinah, Damascus dan Baghdad.
  • 2. Salah silah Keturunan Pemerintahan Qusay Abdul Manaf Abd Al-Syam Hasyim Umaiyah Abdul Mutalib Abu Al-As Harb Abu Talib Abdullah Al-Abbas Hamzah Al-Hakkam Affan Abu Suffian Muawiyah Abdullah Ali Muhammad Marwan Uthman Yazid (SAW) Ali
  • 3. Khalifah Mahsyur di Zaman Abbasiyah Khalifah Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur (754 – 775 M) Khalifah Harun Al-Rasyid (786 – 809 M) Khalifah Al-Makmun (809 – 813M)
  • 4. Perkembangan Intelek Berkembang pesat di zaman Pemerintahan Al-Makmun Kemajuan berterusan dari Pemerintahan sebelumnya Pemerintah berilmu dan faham dalam ilmu Islam, bahasa, sastera Menggalakkan usaha-usaha penyelidikan Mengasaskan Pusat Intelek “Darul Hikmah” Pembinaan kilang kertas giatkan usaha penulisan Memberi hadiah istimewa sebagai insentif Negara Aman
  • 5. Tokoh-tokoh Islam Pakar Penterjemah Bahasa – Yahya Al- Batiq, Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih, Hunain Ibn Ishak. Pakar Perubatan dan falsafah- Al-Kindi Pakar perubatan – Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih, Hunain Ibn Ishak Pakar matematik dan astronomi – Al- Asturlabi, Al-Khawarizmi, Al-Battani Pakar Sains – Jabir Hayyah Al-Fazi (Kitab Al-Tajmin, Al-Zibad, Al-Sharqi)
  • 6. The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Pakar Matematiks dan Sains Muhamad ibn Musa Al- Khawarizmi Pengasas Ilmu Algebra berdasarkan Kitab yang ditulisnya, Kitab Al-Jabr wal-Muqabala. Terma Algorithm juga di ambil dari nama Al-Khawarizmi. Memperkenalkan sistem number Arab dan juga sistem number Hindu-Arab. Pakar Geography dalam menentukan keluasan sebenar Laut Mediterranean.
  • 7. The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Algebra dan Algorithm Algebra “His systematic and logical approach to where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0, the equation becomes a solving linear and quadratic equations linear equation.) gave shape to the discipline of algebra” Algorithm an algorithm is a sequence of finite instructions, often used for calculation and data processing.
  • 8. The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Pakar Sains Abū Alī al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Ibnu Al- Haytham) Pengasas Ilmu Optik dalam buku yang dikarangnya “Book of Optic”. “The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.”
  • 9. The link ed image cannot be display ed. The file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Pakar Perubatan Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā Balkhi‘ (Ibnu Sina) Kurun ke-9 Masehi, Baghdad mempunyai 800 doktors. “great discoveries in the understanding of anatomy and diseases were made. The clinical distinction between measles and smallpox was discovered during this time.” Pengarang buku , The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing menjadi satu Ensaiklopedia Perubatan semasa.
  • 10. Pakar Astronomi Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al- Battānī Memperdalami ilmu peredaran Bumi. “One of his best-known achievements in astronomy was the determination of the solar year as being 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes and 24 seconds.” He also calculated the values for the precession of the equinoxes (54.5" per year, or 1° in 66 years) and the inclination of Earth's axis (23° 35'). Memperkenalkan konsep Trigonometry, tan a = sin a / cos a.
  • 11. Pakar Kimia Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān Pengasas Ilmu Kimia “A number of chemical processes such as distillation techniques and the production of alcohol were developed in the Muslim world and then spread to Europe.” Motto, "is that you should perform practical work and conduct experiments, for he who performs not practical work nor makes experiments will never attain the least degree of mastery."[
  • 12. Kegunaan Kimia Made improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as making steel and other metals, preventing rust, engraving gold, dyeing and waterproofing cloth, tanning leather, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances. developed the use of manganese dioxide in glassmaking, to counteract the green tinge produced by iron — a process that is still used today. He noted that boiling wine released a flammable vapor, thus paving the way for the discovery of ethanol (alcohol) by Al-Kindi and Al-Razi. invented a kind of paper that resisted fire, and an ink that could be read at night. He invented an additive which, when applied to an iron surface, inhabited rust and when applied to a textile, would make it water repellent.
  • 13. Akhir Kata Cendikiawan Islam lebih terkehadapan dari yang lain Khazanah Islam amat banyak Buat yang terbaik untuk kegunaan orang ramai.