You are the public health director for the city. The controversi.docx

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You are the public health director for the city. The controversial issue of adding fluoride to water is up for discussion before the City Council. Prepare a presentation ( 5–10 ) slides presenting the pros and cons of adding fluoride to the water, specifically in regards to human health. Present your recommendation for or against fluoride in the water with a 1–2 sentence justification as your last slide. Use at least one peer-reviewed article from the past 5 years. Keep in mind this is a controversial issue so there are many unreliable sources on the internet. Part of your job is to sort through the available evidence to decide about the public health threat or benefit to water fluoride. ...

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Geographic Location: They are found throughout the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. In the Pacific, their range extends as far north as Alaska and south beyond the southernmost tip of New Zealand. In the Atlantic, they can be found as far north as Norway and the Arctic Circle and south to the tip of Africa. They are mainly pelagic (open ocean) wanderers but migrate to tropical and subtropical coastal regions to mate and nest.( Osborne,2015) In 1982, scientists estimated that there were 115,000 adult female leatherback sea turtles worldwide. Recent estimates have placed the number between 20,000 and 30,000 (Singh,2007). Trends in Population: The global population for this species was estimated to be 115,000 adult females in 1982. By 1996 this had been revised down to about 30-40,000. Leatherback populations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans have undergone dramatic declines in the past forty years. For example, the nesting colony at Terengganu, Malaysia went from more than 3,000 females in 1968, to 20 in 1993, to just 2 in 1993 - there are no signs of recovery. Similar scenarios have occurred in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Mexico. Numbers of females recorded at four formerly major Pacific rookeries have declined to about 250 in Mexico, 117 in Costa Rica, two in Malaysia, and fewer than 550 in Indonesia(Anonymous, 2006) Reproduction: Leatherbacks mate offshore in shallow waters near the nesting area. The females dig their flask-shaped nests at night on sloping sandy beaches backed by vegetation. Six clutches can be laid in a season, with a 10-day period between nesting. The females may renest up to 7 miles from the first nest. An average clutch contains 80 to 85 eggs and incubation takes from 55 to 74 days. The 3-inch hatchlings emerge at night and head toward the ocean. The turtles reach sexual maturity at 6 to 10 years of age; the females nest every second or third year. In the U.S., nesting occurs from about March to July. Female leatherbacks nest an average of 5 to 7 times within a nesting season, with an observed maximum of 11 nests. Most leatherbacks remigrate to their nesting beaches at 2 to 3-year intervals. (Department of energy and environmental protection, 2014) Threats: 1- Marine pollution It is the greatest threat for leatherback sea turtles, while they accidentally eat balloons and plastic bags floating in the water which they mistaken as jellyfish. (Leigh,2015) 2- Overharvesting and illegal: Egg collection on many turtle nesting beaches is a very serious threat, especially in Southeast Asia where a culture of legal egg collection leads to the removal of tens of thousands of eggs. This practice has contributed to the local extinction of leatherbacks in Malaysia. Within the last several decades extensive egg collection and the killing of adult turtles in Indonesia has resulted in huge population declines throughout the region. Despite protective legislation, many eggs produced each year in Central America are.

Geographic LocationThey are found throughout the Pacific, Atlan.docx

You are the public health director for the city. The controversi.docx

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You are the public health director for the city. The controversi.docx