William faced several challenges in maintaining control over England after the Norman conquest. He addressed these challenges by building castles strategically throughout the country and commissioning the Domesday Book survey. The castles provided defensive structures and symbols of Norman authority, while the Domesday Book inventory of land and resources allowed William to effectively administer and tax the population. These measures helped consolidate William's political and military control over England.

1. How did William keep control? WALT: To know the problems William faced and how he tried to solve them WILF: To understand the use of Castles and the Domesday book

2. Initial Thoughts In your pairs, look at the 5 problems in your envelope Order them from the most urgent to the least urgent You have 3 minutes EXT: How would you solve some of those problems?

3. Castles 1. Location : Castles were built in key places. You have 7 minutes to examine the map on p14 and fill out the table in your booklet. What do you notice about their locations? Why do you think this might be? 2. Type of Castle: What were some of the different types. Use the information from the next few slides to help you fill out the strengths and weaknesses of two different castles.

4. These castles were built very soon after William won the battle of Hastings – they could be built within a very short amount of time less than one week and offered some protection for the people living inside. This is a section from the Bayeux tapestry – it shows one of the first Norman castles being built in Hastings. Very soon however – William and his men were spreading out around the countryside building these castles in lots of places. Guildford Castle (not far from here) was built soon after the Norman conquest in 1066 – it started out as motte and Bailey castle built of wood – very much like this one. Motte and Bailey Castles

5. Motte and Bailey Castles Wooden fence moat Bailey Keep Motte

6. As you have seen – the main problem with the original Motte ad Bailey castles was that they were not safe from attack with fire. Stone was more difficult to build with and took longer, however it was stronger and would not burn down. As stone castles were stronger they could be made taller and, generally larger – this gave height for battle and showed the importance of the country’s new king. One of the early stone keep castles was the White Tower in London (the Tower of London) Replacing the wooden castles with stone ones obviously took a long time, some keeps were first replaced with shell keeps and then later square towers, this was what happened to Guildford Castle in the 12 th Century. Stone Tower Keep Castles A shell keep is a round ‘shell’ with living quarters inside it.

7. Outer stone curtain wall Keep (living quarters) Drawbridge over moat Battlements on the wall walk Corner towers Stone Tower Keep Castles

8. The Domesday Book http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/FocusOn/domesday/how-was-it-made/collecting-the-information.htm#video Why did William create the Domesday Book? How did it help him keep control?

9. Final Thoughts Which had the most impact on the day to day lives of the people in Medieval England: The Domesday Book ? Or Castles ?