This document discusses personal communication systems (PCS), including high-tier and low-tier digital cellular systems. High-tier systems include AMPS, GSM, IS-136, and IS-95 which use larger cell sizes and support higher user speeds but have higher latency. Low-tier systems like DECT, PHS, and PACS use smaller cell sizes and have lower latency but also lower speeds and throughput. PCS integrates wired and wireless networks to enable communication through small mobile terminals anywhere.

1. Personal
Communication
System (PCS)
ABHISHEK H. PATIL 09-834
SAMIKSHA K. REDDY 09-819
RAHUL PATANKAR 09-832
JIGAR SALECHA 09-852
PROF SAURABH
MEHTA

2. What is Communication System?
 PCS refers to variety of wireless access
(communication) and personal mobility services
provided through a small terminal at any place, and in
any form.
 Business opportunities (E-commerce) for such
services are tremendous, since every person, every
organization, etc., could be equipped.
 Three of the most popular PCS systems are:
 High Tier PCS telephony
 Low Tier PCS telephony
 Wideband wireless systems

3. Architecture of PCS
A system where wired and wireless networks are integrated for establishing
communication.
PSTN: Public Switched Network.
MSC: Mobile Switching Center. Also called MTSO
(Mobile Telephone Switching Office).
BS: Base Station.
MS: Mobile Station. Also called MU (Mobile Unit)
or Mobile Host (MH).
HLR: Home Location Register.
VLR: Visitor Location Register.
EIR: Equipment Identify Register.
AC: Access Chanel.
PSTN
BS
VLR
HLR
EIR
AC
MSC (MTSO)MSC (MTSO)
MSMS Wireless component

4. High-tier digital cellular systems
(mobile phone systems)
 Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
 IS-136 TDMA based Digital Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (DAMPS)
 IS-95(CDMA-based cdmaOne System)

5. Cellular HIGH-TIER telephony
overview
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
 AMPS was the first cellular system.
 It is based on frequency division multiple access
(FDMA), AMP was designed as a high capacity system
based on a frequency reuse scheme.
 A total of 50 MHz in the 824-849 MHz and 869-894
MHz bands is allocated for AMPS.

6. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
 GSM combines time divisioin multiple access (TDMA)
and FDMA.
 In GSM the frequency carrier is divided into eight time
slots where the speech coding rate is 13 Kbps.
 In a GSM base station, every pair of radio transceiver-
receiver supports eight voice channels, whereas an
AMPS base station needs one such pair for every
voice channel.
Cellular HIGH-TIER telephony
overview

7. IS-136 Digital Cellular System
 This system is also referred to as digital AMPS
(DAMPS), American Digital Cellular (ADC), or North
American TDMA (NA-TDMA), IS-136, the successor to
IS-54.
 It supports a TDMA air interface similar to that of GSM.
 It supports three voice channels, where the speech
coding rate is 7.95 Kbps.
 IS-136 capacity is around three times that of AMPS.
Cellular HIGH-TIER telephony
overview

8. IS-95 Digital Cellular System
 This digital cellular system was developed by Qualcomm,
and has been operating in USA since 1996.
 IS-95 is based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
technology.
 It allows many users to share a common frequency/time
channel for transmission.
 The channel bandwidth used by IS-95 is 1.25 MHz, which
has been extended to 5 MHz in the third generation
wideband CDMA proposal.
 The speech coding rate for IS-95 is 13 Kbps or 8 Kbps.
IS-95’s capacity is estimated to be 10 times that of
AMPS.
Cellular HIGH-TIER telephony
overview

9. Low-tier digital cellular systems
(mobile phone systems)
 Cordless Telephone 2 (CT2)
 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone (DECT)
 Personal Handy Phone System (PHS)
 Personal Access Communications Systems (PACS)

10. Cellular LOW-TIER telephony
overview
Cordless Telephone, Second Generation (CT2)
 CT2 is allocated 40 FDMA channels with a 32-Kbps
speech coding rate.
 For a user, both base-to-handset signals and handset-
to-base signals are transmitted in the same frequency.
 CT2 also supports data transmission rates of up to 2.4
Kbps through the speech code and up to 4.8 Kbps with
an increased rate.
 CT2 does not support handoff and in a public CT2
system, call delivery is not supported.

11. Cellular LOW-TIER telephony
overview
Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT)
 DECT supports high user density with a picocell
design.
 There are 12 voice channels per frequency carrier.
 Sleep mode is employed to converse handset power.
DECT also supports seamless handoff.

12. Cellular LOW-TIER telephony
overview
Personal Handy Phone System (PHS)
 PHS is a low-tier digital PCS system that offers
telecommunication services for homes, offices, and
outdoor environment, using radio access to the public
telephone network or other digital networks.
 PHS uses TDMA.
 Sleep mode enables PHS to support five hours of talk
time, or 150 hours of standby time.
 PHS operates in the 1895-1918.1 MHz band.
 The bandwidth is partitioned into 77 channels, each
with 300 KHz bandwidth.

13. Cellular LOW-TIER telephony
overview
Personal Access Communications Systems (PACS)
 PACS is a low-power PCS system developed at
Telcordia (formerly Bellcore).
 TDMA is used in PACS with eight voice channels per
frequency carrier.
 In FDD mode, the PACS uplink and downlink utilizes
different RF carriers, similar to cellular systems.

14. Cordless and low-tier PCS
telephony overview
System High-tier Cellular Low-tier PCS Cordless
Cell size Large (0.4-22 mile) Medium (30-300’) Small (30-60’)
User speed High ( 160 mph) Medium ( 60 mph) Low ( 30 mph)
Coverage area Large/Continuous
macrocell
Medium. Micro and
picocell
Small/Zonal, picocell
Handset
complexity
High Low Low
H-set power use High (100-800 mW) Low (5-10 mW) Low (5-10 mW)
Speech coding
rate
Low (8-13 Kbps) High (32 Kpbs) High (32 Kpbs)
Delay or latency High ( 600 ms) Low (10 ms) Low ( 20 ms)