The plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education was Oliver Brown and the defendant was the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. In the fall of 1951, the NAACP assisted Brown in filing a lawsuit challenging racial segregation in public schools. The case was first heard in summer 1951 in U.S. District Court in Kansas before ultimately being decided by the Supreme Court on May 17, 1954, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.