2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
2. Değişim Katsayısı
1.
Değişim Katsayısının Tanımı
2.
Çeşitli Değişim Katsayısı Yaklaşımları
3.
Değişim Katsayısının Tarihi
4.
İki Değişim Katsayısını Karşılaştırmak için geliştirilen Testler
5.
K Tane Değişim Katsayısını karşılaştırmak için Geliştirilen Testler
6.
Değişim Katsayısının Tahmin Edicisi
5. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
Standart sapma her zaman ortalamaya bağlı
olarak yorumlandığı için, DK kullanım
açısından daha faydalıdır. DK’nın önemli bir
özelliği, birimsiz bir sayı olmasıdır. Farklı
birimli ya da çok farklı ortalamalı veri kümelerini
karşılaştırırken, standart sapma yerine
DK kullanılmakta; böylelikle daha anlamlı bilgiler
elde edilmektedir.
7. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
DK, yaygın olarak uygulamalı istatistik alanında,
örneğin kuyruk kuramı ve güvenirlik
teorisinde kullanılır. Bu alanlarda, üstel dağılım,
normal dağılımdan daha çok
kullanılmaktadır. Bir parametreli üstel dağılımın
standart sapması, ortalamasına eşittir,
dolayısıyla DK, bire eşittir. γ < 1 olan bir
dağılımda, örneğin Erlang dağılımında,varyansın
küçük olduğu söylenebilir. γ > 1 olduğunda ise,
örneğin hiper-üstel dağılımda,
varyansın büyük olduğu söylenebilir (Wikipedia,
2008).
8. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
DK, iki grubun göreceli değişkenliğini
karşılaştırmak için kullanılır. Ortalama ve varyans
farklı olsa bile, gruplar aynı göreceli değişkenliğe
sahip olabilir. Mesela, paranoid
şizofreni, paranoid olmayan şizofreni ve bir
kontrol grubunda, bir görev için reaksiyon
zamanı farklı olsa da, göreli değişkenlik benzer
olabilir. Buna benzer durumlarda,
bağımlı değişkene dönüşüm uygulanarak,
varyanslar homojen hale getirilir ve bu
işlemden sonra ANOVA uygulanabilir.
(Shafer and Sullivan, 1986)
12. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Ters örneklem değişim katsayısı,
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
olarak tanımlanır. Ters örneklem
değişim katsayısının tercih edilmesinin
nedeni, matematiksel işlemlerde
kolaylıklar sağlamasıdır
(Singh,1993).
13. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Hata değişim katsayısı ise, tıp ve biyoloji
bilimlerinde sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Hata değişim
katsayısı, hatanın standart sapmasının ortalamaya
bölünmesiyle elde edilir
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
ve biçiminde tanımlanır. Tek yönlü rasgele etki
modelinin varsayımları altında, bir örnekleme ait
hata değişim katsayısı için testler ve
genelleştirilmiş güven aralıkları
geliştirilmiştir (Tian, 2005).
14. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Diğer bir değişim katsayısı olan, yayılım
katsayısı (coefficient of dispersion),
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
biçiminde tanımlanır. η, medyan ve τ,
medyandan ortalama sapma olarak tanımlanır.
Normal dağılımlı olmayan örneklemlerde
yayılım katsayısının, DK’na tercih edilebilir
olduğu gösterilmiş ve yayılım katsayısı için
güven aralığı önerilmiştir. Bonett ve Serier
(2005), yayılım katsayısı üzerine çalışmalar
yapmıştır.
15. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Bir diğer değişim katsayısı ise, çeyrek değişim
katsayısıdır ve kitle değeri aşağıdaki gibi
ifade edilir.
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
Q1 : 1. çeyrek değer
Q3 : 3. çeyrek değerdir.
Standart sapmanın tahmini, basık (platykurtic)
ve sivri (leptokurtic) dağılımlarda iyi
etkinliğe sahip değildir. Bu nedenle standart
sapmanın kullanımı normal olmayan
dağılımlarda uygun olmayabilir. Bu durumda
çeyrek değişim katsayısının kullanılması
daha uygun bulunmuştur (Bonett, 2006).
18. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
DK üzerine çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. DK’ların
eşitliği için, farklı örneklem büyüklükleri ve faklı
DK değerleri için çok sayıda test geliştirilmiştir.
Miller ve Karson (1977), iki DK’nın eşitliği için bir
test geliştirmiştir. Doornbos ve Dijkstra (1983) ve
Bennett (1976), k tane normal kitleden gelen
örneklemlerin DK’larının eşitliği için bir
test geliştirmiştir.
19. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
Bennett (1976)’in k normal dağılımlı kitleler için
geliştirdiği test daha sonra Shafer ve
Sullivan (1986) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Rao ve
Vidya (1992), eşit örneklem büyüklüğüne sahip iki
kitleden DK’ların eşitliğini test etmek için, Wald
tarafından önerilmiş olan Wald testini
geliştirmişlerdir. Gupta ve Ma (1996) bir test
geliştirmiş ve bu test skor (score) testi olarak
isimlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yazarlar, eşit olmayan
örneklem büyüklüklerine göre ikiden fazla kitle
için Wald testini genişletmişlerdir.
20. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
Gupta ve Ma (1996), normal kitleler için çeşitli
testlerin güçlerini karşılaştırmak için bir
benzetim çalışması yapmışlardır. Bu çalışmada,
Bennett testi, geliştirilmiş Bennett testi,
merkezsel olmayan t-testi, olabilirlik oran testi
(LRT), Wald testi ve skor testini
karşılaştırmışlardır. Bu çalışma sonucunda özellikle
örneklem büyüklüğü küçük olduğunda, LRT, bütün
testler içinde en yüksek güce sahiptir.
21. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
Feltz ve Miller (1996), geliştirilmiş Miller asimtotik
normallik testini (DAD) , LRT, Wald ve skor testi
hariç, yukarıdaki testlerle karşılaştırmışlardır. DAD
testinin, normal, gamma, lognormal ve tekbiçimli
(uniform) dağılım durumunda diğer testlere göre
daha iyi sonuç verdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak
LRT ve DAD testleri, DK’ların eşitliği için iki uygun
parametrik test olarak belirlenmiştir (Fung and
Tsang,1998).
22. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Çeşitli yazarlar tarafından iki değişim katsayısını
karşılaştırmak için, Yaklaşık F Testi,
Bennett Testi, Miller Testi, Wald Testi, Skor Testi,
Doornbos ve Dijkstra Testi, Log Testi, Naive Testi
geliştirilmiştir. Bhoj ve Ahsanullah (1993), bir
Olabilirlik Oranı Testi, Dudewicz ve Mishra (1987)
Standart Normal Test istatistiği geliştirmişlerdir.
23. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Forkman (2005), İki değişim katsayısını
karşılaştırmak için yaklaşık bir F testi tanıtmıştır.
Yapılan karşılaştırmalardan sonra, Olabilirlik Oranı
Testi, Wald Testi, Skor Testi ve Doornbos ve Dijkstra
Testi, örneklem büyüklüğü küçük olması
durumunda kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna
varmıştır. Önerilen yaklaşık F testi, örneklem
büyüklüğü küçük olduğu zaman, en iyi sonucu
vermiştir. Bu nedenle, iki değişim katsayısını
karşılaştırmak için, yaklaşık F testi önerilmiştir
(Forkman, 2005).
24. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Doornbos ve Dijkstra (1983), k tane normal
dağılımlı kitlenin değişim katsayılarının
eşitliği hipotezi için LRT testini elde etmişler ve
Miller ve Karson (1977) tarafından
önerilen D-testi ile karşılaştırmışlardır. Küçük
örneklem büyüklüklerinde her iki testin de
kullanılmaması gerektiğine karar vermişlerdir.
25. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Shafer ve Sullivan (1986), k tane normal
dağılımlı kitleden çekilen örneklemlerin
değişim katsayılarının eşitliğinin testini
araştırmışlardır. Çalışmada normal, gamma,
lognormal, tekbiçimli dağılımlarından alınan
bağımsız örneklemler kullanılmış; önerilen
test ile Dornbos ve Dijkstra (1983)’nın
geliştirdiği iki test karşılaştırılmıştır. Test
istatistiğinin daha kolay hesaplandığı
görülmüştür.
26. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Iglewich ve Myers (1970), Bennett testinin ufak
değişiklikler yapılmış bir versiyonunu
sunmuşlardır. Bennett testi ve geliştirilmiş
Bennett testinin her ikisi için de yapılan bir
benzetim çalışmasında, her iki testin de
örneklem büyüklüğü küçükken gücünün çok iyi
olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki testin de,
Doornbos ve Dijkstra (1983) tarafından
önerilen teste göre, hesaplama açısından daha
avantajlı olduğu görülmüştür.
27. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Shafer ve Sullivan (1986), eşit örneklem
büyüklükleri için DK<1 olduğunda Bennett ve
geliştirilmiş Bennett testlerinin arasında fark
olmadığını bulmuştur. Tekbiçimli dağılım
için, her iki testin de uygun olmadığı
görülmüştür. Gamma ve lognormal dağılımlar
için sonuçların, normal dağılımdan çok farklı
olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
28. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Gupta ve Ma (1996), k tane normal dağılımlı
kitleden alınan örneklemlerin değişim
katsayılarının eşitliğini test etmek için çeşitli
testler sunmuştur. Geliştirilen test, Skor
testi diye isimlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, eşit olmayan
örneklem büyüklüklerinde ve ikiden
fazla kitle için Wald testi geliştirilmiştir.
Çalışmada Skor testi; Geliştirilmiş Bennett testi,
Olabilirlik Oranı testi, Merkezsel olmayan t testi
ve Wald testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
29. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Örneklem büyüklüğü arttıkça, bu testlerin
tümünün güçleri birbirine yakın olmaktadır.
Büyük örneklem durumunda, hesaplama
kolaylığı açısından Bennett testi önerilebilir.
Örneklem büyüklüğü küçük olduğunda, LRT en
yüksek güce sahiptir ve Skor testi ikinci
sıradadır. Örneklem büyüklüğü düştükçe, Wald
testinin gücü düşer. Bennett ve geliştirilmiş
Bennett testi hemen hemen testin gücü
bakımından aynıdır.
30. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin
Edici
İki Değişim
Katsayısı
K Tane
Değişim
Katsayısı
Fung ve Tsang (1998), DAD testinin, normal
kitleden çekilen örneklemlerin büyüklükleri
eşit olduğunda, en iyi test olduğu sonucuna
varmışlardır. SRT, verinin normalliğini
gerektirmez. SRT, büyük DK’larda farklılık
göstermez. Asimetrik dağılımlar için, testlerin
performansı simetrik olanlardan oldukça
farklıdır. Asimetrik dağılımlar için SRT,
LRT’den daha iyidir. LRT, tek biçimli dağılım hariç
en yüksek güce sahiptir.
31. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin Edici
İki değişim katsayısının aynı olması beklentisi,
değişim katsayısı tahmin problemini ortaya
çıkarmıştır. Ahmed (1995)’in yaklaşımında, her
iki değişim katsayısının eşit olduğu beklentisi
varken ve iki örneklemdeki bilgi birleştirilmek
istendiği zaman, birinci kitlenin değişim
katsayısının, tahmini ile ilgilenilir. Fakat bir çok
durumda iki kitlenin eşit olup olmadığı kesin
değildir. Bu kesin olmayışlık ele alınacak olursa,
önsel bilginin geçerliliği üzerine bir ön test
uygulamak istenilebilir. Buna yönelik Pre-test ve
Shrinkage prensibine dayanan tahmin ediciler
önerilmiştir (Ahmed, 1995).
32. Değişim Katsayısı
Tanımı
Yaklaşımlar
Tarihi
Geliştirilen
Testler
Tahmin Edici
Tian (2005), çeşitli bağımsız örneklemlerin, bir
ortak değişim katsayısı ile ifade edilebilir
kitlelerden olduğuna dair beklenti üzerine
çalışmıştır. Çeşitli bağımsız örneklemlerden
ortak değişim katsayısı için, hipotez testi ve
aralık tahmini için geliştirilecek yöntemlerde,
genelleştirilmiş değişken içeriği, genelleştirilmiş
p-değeri ve genelleştirilmiş güven aralığı tahmin
içeriği kullanılmıştır.
