Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN, creating HTML and HTTP to allow universal access to documents. In the late 1990s, a developer named Schnitz created XForms to improve on HTML forms, submitting it to the W3C. In 2001, Schnitz and Claus worked together on an implementation of XForms called DENG, but it lost funding. In 2003, the W3C rejected XForms and Opera proposed an alternative, leading browser vendors to form the WHATWG to develop HTML5 independent of the W3C.