The document provides background information on World War 1, including its differing viewpoints, causes, key players and events that led to its start in 1914. The main causes that contributed to the outbreak of the war were militarism and arms buildup among the great powers, the system of opposing alliances that divided Europe, imperial rivalries, and rising nationalism. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that set off a chain of events leading countries to declare war on each other due to their alliance obligations. This began the "Great War", which quickly escalated into a global conflict through the mobilization of millions of troops and the opening of battlefronts across Europe, Africa and Asia.

1. 1 91 4-1 91
8:
Th e World
at War

2. Differing Viewpoints
 “Family Feud”
 “The War to End All Wars”
 “The War to ‘Make the
World Safe for Democracy’”

3. C au s e s
of th e
War

4. MAIN-IM
 Militarism & military
planning
 Alliance System
 Imperialism
 Nationalism
 Intellectual Context
 Mass Politics

5. Family Feud!
 Most of the Monarchs of Europe were
related by blood somehow.
 Queen Victoria was Tsar Nicholas’s Aunt,
Kaiser Wilhelm’s grandmother, and many
others were related.
 This led to complications with loyalties
and alliances in strained diplomatic times.

6. 1. Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great
Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%

7. 2. The Alliance System
Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

8. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Face-off

9. The Major Players: 1914-17
Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Enver Pasha
[Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

10. Europe in 1914

11. 3. Imperial Rivalries

12. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

13. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The
“Powder Keg”
of Europe

14. Th e
“ S p ark”
th at b e gan
E ve ryth ing

15. Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand & His Family

16. The Assassination: 1914
Sarajevo

17. The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip, Black
Hand Serbian
militant
nationalist group

18. Who’s To Blame?

19. The Schlieffen Plan

20. Schlieffen Plan-August 1914
 The German War Plan
 To defeat France militarily through Belgium in less than
a month, and then turn attentions to Russia
 Germans sent 78 infantry divisions into France. Met by
72 French divisions
 Germans won initially./Then Russians came in and
distracted and separated the troops.
 British troops also came in against the Germans.
 The Battle of The Marne followed in September.

21. German Atrocities in Belgium

22. Mobilization
 Home by Christmas!
 No major war
in 50 years!
 Nationalism!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
It's a long way to Tipperary,
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!

23. Recruitment Posters

24. A Young Australian Recruit

25. Recruits of the
Central Powers
A German Soldier
Says Farewell to
His Mother
Austro-
Hungarians

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a
Soldier

28. Soldiers Mobilized
14
12
10
Millions
8
6
4
2
0
France Germany Russia Britain

29. Wom e n
and th e
War
E ffort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory
Workers

34. German Women Factory Workers

35. Working in the Fields

36. A Woman Ambulance Driver

37. Red Cross Nurses

38. Women in the Army Auxiliary

39. Russian Women Soldiers

40. Spies
Ì “Mata Hari”
Ì Real Name:
Margareetha
Geertruide
Zelle
Ì German Spy!

41. Women in Action

42. Pos te rs :
Wartim e
P rop agand
a

43. Australian Poster

44. American Poster

45. Financing the War

46. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

47. Th e We s te rn
Front:
A “ War of
Attrition ”

48. A Multi-Front War

49. The Battle of the Marne Sept. 1914
 The Schleiffen Plan
destroyed! The idea
of defeating France in
6 weeks was crushed
when the Germans
were forced to retreat.
 At the River Marne in
France, trenches were
dug along on both
sides 300 miles and
eventually caused a
stalemate with years
of trench warfare
following.

50. The Taxi Brigade
 Paris taxis transport
6,000 French troops to
the front for the Battle of
the Marne.
 Communications and
transport not all up and
running enough to
transport soldiers to front
line trenches.