Feminist Hackerspaces

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Audrey Tang

A Research on Feminist Space Collectives in Open Culture. by Stefanie Wuschitz, 2014. License: CC BY-NC-SA

在傳統的思維裡，「社會公益」和「企業獲利」不但是兩回事，而且常常彼此競爭。這幾年來，有許多案例，都是在劇烈的衝突中不斷拔河，激化對立的情緒。好比說，在《食品安全衛生管理法》、《礦業法》、《空氣污染防制法》的修訂過程裡，我們都看到雙方各執一詞，難以對話的情況。「社會企業」為這樣的困境，提出了一種新的解答。簡單來說，「運用商業模式，來解決社會問題」的理念，可以把「競爭、對立」，轉化成「合作、共好」。舉例來說，社會上有特殊需求的朋友，例如身障者，在過去的觀念裡，經常被看成被動的「弱勢族群」，等待政府來提供服務。但是，因為公部門不一定有親身的體驗，所提供的無障礙服務，往往難以切合實際的需求。因此，就出現了一些社會企業，試圖翻轉這樣的關係。他們的經營模式，讓身障者化被動為主動，反過來提供自己的經驗，來滿足各界對於「如何設計無障礙環境」的資訊需求。再舉第二個例子：過去的經驗裡，每當天然災害發生，讓某些地方成為「災區」，當地「災民」的未來，似乎只能等待政府的救援與重建。然而，即使硬體的需求快速得到滿足，但人與人的情感、人與土地的連結，卻可能受到忽略。不過，我們很高興能看到，有些災區的自救會，透過社會企業的經營方式，運用社區自身的力量，不但主導了地方的再生，更成功創造出發揮地方特色的經濟生活圈。再舉一個例子來說：在傳統的食品生產體系裡，第一線生產者和個別的消費者，是相當疏離的，中間有加工、大盤、中盤、零售業的存在。在這樣的關係裡，經常隱藏著訊息的不對稱，也讓人們在購買的過程裡，難以兼顧對環保和食安的重視。因此，有些社會企業運用「共同購買」的模式，來集結消費者、尋找有共同理念的生產者。透過雙方的直接對話，一方面增進消費者對生產環境的親近與了解，另一方面也協助生產者，改用友善環境的耕種方法，來建立農食互惠的經濟網絡。最後，講到社會和環境之間的關係，一般我們能想到的，就是「社會大眾應該保護環境」。不過，最近有許多社會企業，透過新型態的群眾募資，在落實減碳、能源轉型的過程裡，也一併解決了社會問題。這些社企響應再生能源的發展政策，將各界的捐款或投資，用來建置太陽能系統、活化閒置的屋頂。在減緩全球暖化的同時，也把發電的收益，捐贈給當地的弱勢團體。以上這些社會創新，不但成功發揮了影響力，也獲得了各界的肯定。今年，在星展銀行和聯合報願景工程的調查裡，就有接近八成的民眾，認同「兼顧公益和獲利」的經營理念。不過，同一份調查也指出，對社會企業有明確認知的民眾，只有不到兩成：也就是說，如何傳播理念、加強各界對社企的認識，是這個階段，我們最重要的工作。今年中秋節，我們就看到許多志同道合的社會企業，運用「百寶盒」、「扶企包」等聯合行銷的方式，不但提昇了整體的能見度，也讓打開禮盒的朋友，可以一次瞭解到十幾二十家社企的創新理念。這樣的產品與服務，政府當然全力支持。只要機關或國營事業購買到 100 萬元，負責社企的政務委員——也就是我——就會親自頒獎。透過共同採購，我們讓公部門的朋友在日常工作裡，也能不斷提昇對社企價值的認知。除了採購之外.... ...行政院也在建國花市、玉市隔壁，台北最精華的地段，設置了「社會創新實驗中心」，即將在下周開幕。接下來，全台灣的社企朋友，都能在這裡舉辦活動、展示自己的創意，進一步提昇社企的能見度。從十一月開始，我每周三都會在這裡上班。歡迎大家來找我聊天，共同參與社會企業政策制定的過程。當然，台灣各地都有不同的社會樣貌、不同的社會創新，我們不會把所有的注意力都放在台北。除了透過遠距會議的方式，結合各地的社群之外，我們也會實際走進全台灣的各個區域。從這個月底開始，我固定每兩周，到行政院在台中、嘉義、高雄、花蓮的辦公室，和當地的社企進行座談。在這段旅程裡，我們會持續製作影像、文字紀錄，讓全世界的朋友，看到台灣社企的動人故事。這些故事加在一起，就像是一把大傘，往四面八方開展。每個團隊都往不同的維度創新，同時也彼此支持、互相學習，來解決共同的社會問題。我想，社會企業最動人的地方，就是它翻轉了「強調競爭和對立」的傳統思維。社會創新的核心理念，就是：「當大家在賽跑的時候，你只要找到屬於自己的方向，一轉身開始跑，就贏在起跑點了。」最後，也祝福在座的各位，都能找到自己的方向，一起創造出合作、共好的未來。

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