2. True or False?
Facts about abstract writing
Are the following statements about writing abstracts True or False?
____ 1. An abstract is the first thing people read when they want
to find out about an article.
____ 2. The structure of an abstract is absolutely according to one’s
own preference and style.
____ 3. There must be at least three components for the abstract
writing: objectives, methods, and results.
3. Definitions
The word abstract comes from the Latin abstractum,
which means a condensed form of a longer piece of
writing.
APA Style (2010) states that an abstract is a brief,
comprehensive summary of the content of the article;
it allows readers to survey the contents of an article
quickly, and, like a title, it enables abstracting and
information services to index and retrieve articles.
5. The structure of an abstract
• Aim/goal of an abstract
• Methods used for the research or survey
• Findings/results
• Recommendations/implications for further
research or survey
6. the typical kinds of information found
in most abstracts:
• the main reason(s), the exigency, the rationale, the
goals for your research—Why is it important to address
these questions? Are you, for example, examining a
new topic? Why is that topic worth examining? Are you
filling a gap in previous research? Applying new
methods to take a fresh look at existing ideas or data?
Resolving a dispute within the literature in your field?
• your research and/or analytical methods
• your main findings, results, or arguments
• the significance or implications of your findings or
arguments.
8. Title: Implicit attitudes towards native and non-native speaker teachers
Abstract
The academic literature and educational principle suggest that native and non-
native English speaking teachers should be treated equally, yet in many countries there is
a broad social and commercial preference for native speaker teachers which may also
involve racial issues. Attitudes towards native and non-native English speaking teachers
have typically been investigated through questionnaire surveys, but, since such attitudes
may involve prejudices, other research methods designed to elicit implicit attitudes may
be preferable. In this study, the Implicit Association Test was used to investigate the
implicit attitudes of Thai students towards native and non-native English speaking
teachers, and results were compared with explicit attitudes elicited through a
questionnaire. The results indicated that attitudes towards native and non-native teachers
are complex with an explicit preference for native speaker teachers. The reasons for and
implications of these contrasting findings are discussed.
Keywords: Native speaker teacher; Non-native speaker teacher; Implicit attitude;
Thailand; Implicit Association Test; Prejudice (139 words)
Identify the background, objectives, methods, results
and recommendations.
14. Sentences
Use the correct form of subject-verb agreement.
1. The objectives of this research is / are (1) …, (2) ….
2. The purpose of this study was/ were to ….
3. The research methods used in this study is / are ….
4. Sample group consist/consists of ….
5. The results was/were as follows: ….
6. This article reflect/reflects ….
7. This approach help/helps researchers to…
8. This article summarize/summarizes this state of research…
9. This article discuss/discusses ...
10. The findings is/are …
15. • ใช้ active หรือ passive voice ให้ถูกต้อง
รูปคำกริยำ active เน้นที่ผู้กระทำ ส่วนรูปคำกริยำ
passive เน้นที่ผลของกำรกระทำ
Instead, the impact of media exposure was
shaped by viewers’ strength of ethnic identity.
The descriptive statistics and multiple correlation
were used.
โปรดสังเกตว่ำในภำษำไทยไม่นิยมใช ้ประโยครูป
passive voice
16. • Identify the passive verb form in the following abstract.
Title: Implicit attitudes towards native and non-native speaker teachers
Abstract
The academic literature and educational principle suggest that native and non-
native English speaking teachers should be treated equally, yet in many countries there is
a broad social and commercial preference for native speaker teachers which may also
involve racial issues. Attitudes towards native and non-native English speaking teachers
have typically been investigated through questionnaire surveys, but, since such attitudes
may involve prejudices, other research methods designed to elicit implicit attitudes may
be preferable. In this study, the Implicit Association Test was used to investigate the
implicit attitudes of Thai students towards native and non-native English speaking
teachers, and results were compared with explicit attitudes elicited through a
questionnaire. The results indicated that attitudes towards native and non-native teachers
are complex with an explicit preference for native speaker teachers. The reasons for and
implications of these contrasting findings are discussed.
Keywords: Native speaker teacher; Non-native speaker teacher; Implicit attitude;
Thailand; Implicit Association Test; Prejudice (139 words)
17. Noun clause
• ผลการวิจัยชี้ว่า ....
The results revealed + noun clause (that)
It was found + noun clause (that) ….
• ตัวอย่างที่ 1
• Fifty-seven percent of the participants reported that they
received lymphedema information.
• ตัวอย่างที่ 2
The paper shows that it is possible to use APIs provided by
large internet entities such as Google to create map based
navigational tools for accessing bibliographies information.
18. 1. Identify the noun clause in the following sentences.
2. Identify the subject, verb and object or complement in
each noun clause.
1. The results indicate that attitudes towards
native and non-native teachers are complex
with an explicit preference for native speaker
teachers.
Noun clause:
Subject:
Verb:
Object/Complement:
19. 2. Results show that AWL words account for 11.17 %
of the entire ALC.
Noun clause:
Subject:
Verb:
Object/Complement:
20. 3. This article argues that the past 30 years have seen
a shift from distinct emphases on information,
individual people, and specific technologies to
emphases on the interactions among more diverse
forms and amounts of information, people and
technologies.
Noun clause:
Subject:
Verb:
Object/Complement:
21. 4. The results of this study suggest that this unique
model of organic asparagus production is possible to
apply to other crops, which possess similar
characteristics to asparagus, such as baby corn and
spices.
Noun clause:
Subject:
Verb:
Object/Complement:
22. 5. The relationship between GHG emissions and rice
yield was statistically significant (P<0.01), with results
indicating that a yield increase of 100 kg would
increase GHG emissions by 16.51 kg Co2e (kg carbon
dioxide equivalent).
Noun clause:
Subject:
Verb:
Object/Complement:
23. Identify whether the following statements are a
simple sentence, compound sentence, or
complex sentence and identify the main verb.
• 1. The reasons for and implications of these contrasting
findings are discussed.
• 2. Because literary scholars focus their teaching, writing
and research on novels defined by the canon, lesser-
known works have been overlooked or ignored.
• 3. The present study estimated and compared
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice farming
practices, resulting from various farm inputs and
irrigation systems in Pakistan, the Philippines, China,
Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Australia and the USA.
24. • 4. Providing lymphedema information has an effect
on symptom reduction and more risk-reduction
behaviours being practiced among breast cancer
survivors.
• 5. Food, medicine, and clothing should be
compensated at higher levels, and according to a
different calculus, than jewelry, radios, or sports
equipment even though these items may cost the
same to replace.
• 6. The VAT has taken the tax world by storm over
the last fifty years, but it left little trace in the
academic literature.
