Works Cited "Ancient Greek Civilization." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.  Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. Web. 28 Feb. 2009. Brown, David.  "Creon and the Demands of Power."  Contemporary Literary Criticism 43(Nov. 1950): 14-25.  Rpt. in Drama Criticism.  Vol. 1.  Robin Young, ed.  Detroit: Gale Research, 1986. 425. Print. Sophocles, Antigone.  Literature for Writing: A Reader for Comp II. 2nd ed. Mason, Ohio: Cengage, 2015. 58-85. Print. Walsh, Keri and Debbie Jackson.  "Antigone Now."  Mosaic.  41.3 (Sept. 2008): 1-13. Literary Resource Center. Web.  29 Feb. 2009. Thesis Statements: the good, the bad, and the ugly A thesis statement… · Tells what you are going to explain, defend, or prove about a topic, but does not say “This essay will …” · Is usually placed at the end of the intro paragraph · Must be a complete sentence · Must not be a statement of fact (something known for certain) · Must answer the question of the assignment. Examples: ( Most children at five years of age should not be in school more than half the day. ( Nearly all kindergartens in the US offer only a half day of instruction. The first sentence is an effective thesis statement because it is a matter of opinion. “Should” and “because” statements usually make for an effective thesis. The second sentence is a statement of fact. Practice: Put a check mark by the best thesis statements. (There are several.) · In the US, kindergarten is not compulsory. · Children should begin learning to read in kindergarten. · In some European countries, children do not begin formal schooling until the age of seven. · The personal interview is the most important step in the employment process. · Sixty percent of all jobs are obtained through personal contacts. · The best time to begin a foreign language is in grade school. · Most Americans doing business in Japan do not know a word of Japanese. Which were thesis statements? The second one. The “should” statement makes it arguable. The fourth one. Is it really the MOST important step? Maybe. It’s arguable. The sixth one. The judgmental word “best” makes it an argument. Clearly, not everyone agrees, or we would be offering foreign language in elementary school. The others were statements of fact. Your thesis statement generally will be arguable if you answer the question of the assignment. ~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~ For example, if your history professor asks you to write a paper on the causes of World War I, your thesis statement could look like this: Many political and military situations led up to World War I, but the two with the greatest impact were the sinking of the Lusitania and Prussian Militarism. And if that were your thesis statement, then your first body paragraph would be about the sinking of the Lusitania, and the second body paragraph would be about Prussian Militarism. So, be sure your thesis statement answers the question, and in effect, predicts the rest of the essay and its order. .

1. Works Cited
"Ancient Greek Civilization." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009. Web. 28 Feb. 2009.
Brown, David. "Creon and the Demands of Power."
Contemporary Literary Criticism 43(Nov. 1950): 14-25. Rpt. in
Drama Criticism. Vol. 1. Robin Young, ed. Detroit: Gale
Research, 1986. 425. Print.
Sophocles, Antigone. Literature for Writing: A Reader for
Comp II. 2nd ed. Mason,
Ohio: Cengage, 2015. 58-85. Print.
Walsh, Keri and Debbie Jackson. "Antigone Now." Mosaic.
41.3 (Sept. 2008): 1-13. Literary Resource Center. Web. 29
Feb. 2009.
Thesis Statements: the good, the bad, and the ugly
A thesis statement…
· Tells what you are going to explain, defend, or prove about a
topic, but does not say “This essay will …”
· Is usually placed at the end of the intro paragraph
· Must be a complete sentence

2. · Must not be a statement of fact (something known for certain)
· Must answer the question of the assignment.
Examples:
( Most children at five years of age should not be in school
more than half the day.
( Nearly all kindergartens in the US offer only a half day of
instruction.
The first sentence is an effective thesis statement because it is a
matter of opinion. “Should” and “because” statements usually
make for an effective thesis. The second sentence is a
statement of fact.
Practice:
Put a check mark by the best thesis statements. (There are
several.)
· In the US, kindergarten is not compulsory.
· Children should begin learning to read in kindergarten.
· In some European countries, children do not begin formal
schooling until the age of seven.
· The personal interview is the most important step in the
employment process.
· Sixty percent of all jobs are obtained through personal

3. contacts.
· The best time to begin a foreign language is in grade school.
· Most Americans doing business in Japan do not know a word
of Japanese.
Which were thesis statements?
The second one. The “should” statement makes it arguable.
The fourth one. Is it really the MOST important step? Maybe.
It’s arguable.
The sixth one. The judgmental word “best” makes it an
argument. Clearly, not everyone agrees, or we would be offering
foreign language in elementary school.
The others were statements of fact.
Your thesis statement generally will be arguable if you answer
the question of the assignment.
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~
For example, if your history professor asks you to write a paper
on the causes of World War I, your thesis statement could look
like this:
Many political and military situations led up to World War I,
but the two with the greatest impact were the sinking of the
Lusitania and Prussian Militarism.
And if that were your thesis statement, then your first body
paragraph would be about the sinking of the Lusitania, and the
second body paragraph would be about Prussian Militarism.
So, be sure your thesis statement answers the question, and in

4. effect, predicts the rest of the essay and its order.
Intro paragraph for Antigone essay
What it is:
An introductory paragraph is the first paragraph in an essay.
Good intro paragraphs give just enough info to prepare the
reader for the thesis statement, which is the last sentence in the
intro paragraph.
For this writing assignment, the intro paragraph should
introduce the author's name: Sophocles.
The intro paragraph should introduce the title of the play,
punctuated correctly: Antigone.
The intro paragraph should explain a bit about the assignment
itself: do I need to define my terms?
The intro paragraph should be relatively short.
The intro paragraph should end with a thesis statement that
answers the question of the assignment.
What it isn’t:
The intro paragraph should NOT:
· draw attention to yourself or the class in any way.
· summarize the play or the family.
· announce "What this will do" or "What I'm going to argue is"
Summarizing v. Arguing
Be sure that your body paragraphs develop arguments and don’t
just summarize the story.
What’s the difference between summarizing and arguing? A
summary states the facts of what happened. An argument uses
what happened (textual evidence) as support for a point you are
trying to make.
Let’s look at the example below.

5. Summary:
Creon is the protagonist because his intentions are honorable
ones. Creon passes a law stating that no one will be allowed to
bury the body of Polynieces. This makes Antigone very angry,
but he does not change his mind. Tiresias, the Chorus, and
Haimon all try to convince him to reconsider his decision.
Creon goes forward with his plans, though instead of having
Antigone stoned to death, he decides to enclose her in a cave.
Eventually, he does change his mind about the law and the
punishment and buries Polyneices and releases Antigone from
the cave, even though Antigone has already hung herself. Creon
is very much the protagonist in the story.
Other than the topic and concluding sentences, there’s nothing
in that paragraph that argues Creon as the protagonist. It’s just
a summary of what happened.
Argument:
Creon is the protagonist because his intentions are
honorable ones. When Creon passes the law forbidding anyone
to bury Polyneices, he does so to set an example. His intention
is to protect the city by showing what would happen to those
who might attack the city. Yes, leaving an exposed body is
against their religious law and certainly repulsive, but Creon
does it for the good of the city. As a protagonist, he serves and
protects not just himself, but others. Similarly, when Creon
refuses to listen to the advice from others, it may seem like he
doesn’t care what the people think. However, he makes it clear
later on that he’s unwilling to excuse his family members from
the expectations of following the law. He has to hold them just
as responsible as he would any other citizen. This dedication to
fairness is one of the qualities that make him a fair and just
leader. Creon is the protagonist of the play because every law
he makes and all of his actions are to protect the city and be fair
to the citizens.
Notice how the textual evidence (what happened) is used as

6. evidence for the argument that I am making.
Integrating Quotations -- Antigone
Quotations need to be incorporated into your own sentences.
They cannot stand alone. Troyka refers to a stand-alone
quotation as a "disembodied quotation" (549).
Integrated: Antigone tells Ismene to “[t]ell everyone” (Prol. Ln
76).
Disembodied: “Oh tell it! Tell everyone!... I am doing only
what I must” (Prol. Ln 76-80).
Significant words and phrases that support your argument can
be integrated into your argument in a variety of ways.
A quotation can flow smoothly with your own sentence, not
needing any punctuation to introduce it.
Creon fears he will look weak and reasons that they should
“lose to a man, at least!” (Sc III Ln 51).
Antigone describes what has happened to their family as an
“infection” (4.39).
It could be that Haimon is “just as much a victim” in the
situation (Walsh and Jackson 45).
Sometimes a comma is used before the quotation, but not as
often as students tend to think. Usually, a speaking verb
indicates a comma is needed.
Teiresias warns, “You have kept from the gods below the child
that is theirs” (Sc V Ln 79).
David Brown asserts, “Teiresius may be the instigator” (73).
A colon can introduce a quotation you are unable to incorporate
into your own sentence. You must have a complete sentence
before the colon.

7. Creon explains his position on political loyalty: “for the man
who sees private friendship above the public welfare, -- I have
no use for him, either” (Sc 1 Lns 21-22).
The vulnerability of the Greek city-state cannot be denied:
“Athens [and the surrounding areas] was constantly under
attack. A strong leader was as much a symbol as a governor”
(“Ancient”).
At this point in your academic career you are not allowed to use
long, blocked-off quotations. Instead, practice your
summarization and paraphrase skills.
NEVER USE AN OUTSIDE SOURCE TO SUMMARIZE THE
PLAY!
Antigone Paper Assignment
Antigone with Polyneices’ body by Sebastien Norblin 1825
The German philosopher Hegel stated that the play Antigone
represents “the tragic collision of right against right, with both
sides equally justified.” Antigone is right, she argues, for
“prioritizing divine law,” and Creon is right for “prioritizing
human law.”
Do you agree with this interpretation? Why or why not? Use
quotations from the play and your own explanations to support
your opinion.
Write a 1-2-page essay on the assignment above.
For this assignment you need to include:
· Textual evidence (quotes from the play)
· 2 academic outside sources (no googled websites)
· Correct in-text citations (from the play and outside sources)
· Works Cited/Reference page
· The intro paragraph should introduce the author, the play title,
a lead-in for your thesis, and end with a thesis statement that
answers the question.

8. Important Guidance:
· Include the outside academic (no web sites) sources to support
your arguments, not make your arguments.
· Please use literary resources when researching literary topics.
(see below)
· Make your concluding paragraph meaningful. What
philosophical conclusion can you draw about humanity based on
your argument?
· Construct a formal Works Cited/References page. You may
craft it yourself, as some students prefer, or use NoodleTools,
as others prefer.
· Consult various composition and documentation examples
posted on e-Campus.
· Use Online Tutoring and make sure you have this assignment
with you as a reference.
· Plays are cited by Scene and Line number in the parenthetical,
NOT author’s last name. (Sc 1 Lns 12-15).
General Words of Advice: Never start a writing assignment with
broad generalizations about life, love, the universe, or timeless
things throughout history. Spelling counts, grammar counts,
neatness counts, intelligence counts, grooming counts.
Research resources to avoid:
Google
author’s biography
reviews and summaries
newspaper articles
Facts on File
Opposing viewpoints
Try to access literary resources for a literary analysis:
Literary Resource Center

9. Literary Reference Center
Drama Criticism
CMLC
Check your syllabus for conference dates, rough draft dates, due
date.
ENGL 1302 Student Learning Objectives measured:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of individual and collaborative
research processes.
2. Develop ideas and synthesize primary and secondary sources
within focused academic arguments, including one or more
research-based essays.
3. Analyze, interpret, and evaluate a variety of texts for the
ethical and logical uses of evidence.
4. Write in a style that clearly communicates meaning, builds
credibility, and inspires belief or action.
5. Apply the conventions of style manuals for specific academic
disciplines (e.g., APA, CMS, MLA, etc.)
Suggested outline for Hegel on Antigone Essay
Tips:Be sure to format your paper as instructed in Unit 1.5.
Be sure your works cited page looks like the sample works
cited on e-Campus.
For a play, parentheticals are scene and line number (Sc 1
Lns 57-58).
For an outside source, parentheticals are author’s last name
and page number, if there is one (Brown 4).
Consult the link on integrating quotations.
Use ONLY library databases to find outside sources.
Googled sources are garbage!
See the librarian for help researching.
See the tutors in the Learning Center, 10-2, for checking
your paper.
I. Introductory paragraph
a. Introduce the author, Sophocles, and the play title, Antigone.

10. b. Introduce Hegel and his philosophy about Antigone.
c. Write a thesis statement in which you agree or disagree with
Hegel.
II. First body paragraph
a. Topic sentence: State an agreement or disagreement with
Hegel about Antigone, the character.
b. For example, explain why you agree or disagree with Hegel
about Antigone, the character.
c. Quote the play to support your opinion about Antigone, the
character.
d. Explain how that quotation supports your opinion.
e. Quote an outside source that supports your opinion about
Antigone.
f. Explain how that source agrees with you.
g. Write a concluding sentence that wraps up the paragraph.
III. Second body paragraph
a. Topic sentence: State an agreement or disagreement with
Hegel about Creon.
b. For example, explain why you agree or disagree with Hegel
about Creon.
c. Quote the play to support your opinion about Creon.
d. Explain how that quotation supports your opinion.
e. Quote an outside source that supports your opinion about
Creon.
f. Explain how that quotation agrees with you.
g. Write a concluding sentence that wraps up the paragraph.
IV. Concluding paragraph
a. Do not summarize your essay. Instead, try to draw some
philosophical conclusion based on what you just argued. What
does it say about humanity?
V. Works Cited page
a. Follow the guidelines for crafting a works cited page.
b. Everyone should include the citation (provided) for the play.

11. c. Then, your 2 outside library database sources.
d. You should have a total of 5 entries on your works cited
page.
e. Follow the directions in unit 1.5 for getting the works cited
page on a separate page.
Hegel on Antigone
Adapted from:
Russon, John. “Reading and the Body in Hegel.” CLIO 22.4
(1993): 321. Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 Oct. 2016.
When Creon and Antigone act, they act on the authority of law,
that is, they both act as representatives of a greater subject:
Antigone acts for what she sees as divine will, and what Hegel
sees as the foundations of patriarchal society, while Creon acts
for human law and the institution of the city. If one wants to
understand the logic of Antigone’s action, it will not do to ask
her to report on her own motivations; rather, one must analyze
the needs of the family, and even Antigone would say, “You
must ask the gods.”
What is crucial in Antigone’s actions representing the law, is
that she acts the way she does because she feels herself
compelled to so act. Likewise, Creon opposes her out of duty,
for he sees it as necessary that law-breakers be opposed. For
both of them, their actions are law-governed, that is, their acts
appear necessary: … Antigone is prioritizing divine law while
Creon prioritizes human law.
Antigone is, more particularly, divine law;…dictated by its own
internal logic. Because Antigone acts from a duty which is
socially required, her act reflects the Creek society as well as
religion. Of course, the same could be said of Creon’s act:
indeed, Antigone and Creon fight because they each act on a
one-sided logic, and their logics are mutually exclusive. In this
case, both characters are equally justified, since each is
legitimately rooted in the necessary institutions of their social
existence. This is Hegel’s point: both act justly, and the

12. contradiction of their actions demonstrates the tragic collision
of right against right, with both sides equally justified. The
conflict in the play is not good vs. evil, but rather right v. right.