This document provides examples of various word formation processes in English including affixation, compounding, multi-word verbs, collocations, blending, clipping, loan words, acronyms, and hyphenation. Examples are given such as the prefixes "non-" and suffix "-s", the compound word "liver cancer", the phrasal verb "went on", and the collocation "to make a statement". The document aims to illustrate different ways that words can be derived and structured in the English language.

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WORD
FORMATION
PROCESSES
Arnoldo Cabrera Salas
Lexicalization Processes

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Introduction
 Title: Liu Xiaobo Embodied Hope for
China’s Democracy. Now He’s Sick.
 Author/s: Steven Lee Myers and
Austin Ramzy
 Source: The New York Times
 Date: June 27, 2017
 Link

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 Title: What was this man doing
when Mount Vesuvious
erupted?
 Author/s: Mathew Dunn
 Source: New York Post
 Date: June 4, 2017
 Link

4. z
 Title: Why Companies Like Uber
Get Away With Bad Behavior
 Author/s: Randall Stross
 Source: The New York Times
 Date: June 13, 2017
 Link

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Affixation
 Prefixes and suffixes
 “Mr. Liu’s Nobel Prize — in recognition of “his
long and nonviolent struggle for fundamental
human rights in China” — focused attention
on his fate, but over the years he was
sidelined if not forgotten by the pragmatic
needs of countries that felt no choice but to
work with China, not criticize it.”

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Prefixes
Affix Non-
Meaning That is not
Rule Non- + adj = adj
3 other
examples
Nonacidic, nonaccepted, nonabstract
“Mr. Liu’s Nobel Prize — in recognition of “his long and
nonviolent struggle for fundamental human rights in China””

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Suffixes
Affix -s
Meaning More than one
Rule Noun + -s = Noun
3 other
examples
Hours, minutes, millions
“(…)over the years he was sidelined if not forgotten by the
pragmatic needs of countries that felt no choice but to work with
China, not criticize it”

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Compounding
 Nominal compounding
 Less than a decade later, one of the main authors, the
Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo, is confined in a
hospital, released from prison though not from custody, to
be treated for what his lawyers described as an advanced
case of liver cancer.

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Nominal compounding
 Liver (n) + Cancer (n)
Nominal compound = Liver Cancer

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Multi-word Verbs
 Phrasal verb
 He went on: “If we are going to work on Uber 2.0,
 I also need to work on Travis 2.0.
Went (verb) + on (adverb) = Ph Verb meaning
“to continue”

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Multi-word Verbs
 Prepositional Verb
 He went on: “If we are going to work on Uber 2.0,
 I also need to work on Travis 2.0.
Work (verb) + On (preposition) = Prep. Verb
meaning to work on sth

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Multi-word Verbs
 Phrasal-prepositional Verbs
 Why Companies Like Uber Get Away With Bad
Behavior
Get (verb) + Away (adverb) + With (prep) = Ph. Prep.
Verb meaning Escape blame or punishment .

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Collocations
 Mr. Liu’s wife, the poet and photographer Liu Xia, has been
under strict house arrest in Beijing since his Nobel Prize was
announced.
 To be under arrest (not to be above arrest)
 He noted how Greece, which is courting Chinese
investment, recently thwarted a European Union effort to make
a statement about human rights abuses in specific countries to
the United Nations Human Rights Council.
 To make a statement (not to do a statement)

14. z
 Few governments have had the capabilities or will to resist,”
Mr. Allison, director of the Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs at Harvard, said by email from Dalian,
China, where he was attending the World Economic Forum’s
annual summer meeting.
Blending
Email = Electronic + Mail

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Clipping
 “The individual in the photo is an adult man,
killed by the hot pyroclastic surge — hot gas
and ash cloud which killed most of the
population living around Mount Vesuvius —
with both arms and legs flexed due to the
heat.”

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Loan words
 Borrowing
 Petrone said it was most likely the man’s
hands ended up in a masturbatory pose
post-mortem.
Post-Mortem = Latin form of “After Death”

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Acronyms
 A photo of a preserved body from Pompeii
during the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79
CE has given a strange insight into that
question, with the victim appearing to be
masturbating.
CE Stands for “Christian Era”

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Hyphenation
 The bill quietly died in the Republican-
controlled House after Mr. Trump’s election
last fall.
Republican(adj) + Controlled (verb) = Republican-controlled (adj)