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Woody Plant ID
- 1. Woody Plant ID Dr. Heidi Kratsch Green Industry Training Spring 2015 1
- 3. Acer rubrum (red maple) 3
- 4. Acer saccharinum (silver maple) 4
- 5. Acer × freemanii (Freeman maple) 5 ‘Jeffersred’ (Autumn Blaze)
- 10. Platanus x acerifolia (London planetree) 10
- 12. Catalpa speciosa (northern catalapa) 12 Leaves opposite or whorled
- 13. Catalpa bungei (Manchurian catalapa) 13 Catalpa bignonioides ‘Nana’
- 14. × Chitalpa kashtenkensis (Chitalpa) 14 ‘Pink Dawn’ ‘White Cloud’
- 16. Fraxinus americana (white ash) 16
- 17. Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) 17 cv. ‘Patmore’
- 20. Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis (thornless honeylocust) 20
- 21. Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) 21 cv. ‘Purple Robe’ The cultivar is actually a hybrid.
- 22. Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky coffeetree) 22 A single leaf is bipinnately (doubly) compound.
- 25. Quercus robur (English oak) 25 cv. ‘Fastigiata’
- 27. Tilia cordata (littleleaf linden) 27 cv. ‘Greenspire’
- 28. Tilia americana (American linden or basswood) 28 cv. ‘Redmond’ has a distinctly pyramidal form Leaves 4 to 8 inches long
- 31. Cotoneaster species Section Chaenopetalum Flowers white, spreading petals Section Cotoneaster Flowers pinkish, upright petals 31 Cotoneaster dammeri bearberry cotoneaster Evergreen groundcover Cotoneaster horizontalis rock cotoneaster Deciduous or semi-evergreen
- 32. Spiraea × vanhouttei (bridal wreath) 32 Early spring bloom Flower cluster an umbel Buds divergent
- 33. Spiraea japonica ‘Anthony Waterer’ 33 Summer bloom Flower cluster a corymb Buds tiny, appressed
- 35. Caryopteris × clandonensis blue mist spirea 35 Leaves oppositely attached Blooms in late summer on new growth; Cut back in late winter
- 37. Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) 37 var. atropurpurea ‘Crimson Pygmy’ Twig is slightly zig-zaggy
- 39. Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus or burning bush) 39 Twigs with corky wings Fruit capsules with bright red arils Cymes with 3 greenish-yellow flowers aril
- 40. Euonymus fortuneii (wintercreeper) 40 Cymes of greenish-yellow flowersFruit capsule with whitish arils
- 46. Viburnum opulus (snowball bush) 46 glands on petioles
- 48. Pinus nigra (Austrian pine) 48 fascicle
- 49. Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine) 49
- 50. Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa pine) 50
- 52. × Cupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland cypress) 52 Zone 6 – 10
- 53. Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) 53 cv. ‘Fastigiata’ Zone 7 – 9
- 54. Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper) 54 cv. ‘Sea Green’ Sheared
- 55. Thuja occidentalis (eastern arborvitae) 55 Thuja occidentalis Thuja orientalis
Editor's Notes
- Maples can be distinguished by leaf characteristics, the spread of their samaras, and the shape of their buds.
- One of the most common street trees in the U.S. Leaf sinuses toothed, samaras at a 60 degree angle – bark smooth when young becoming furrowed or scaly with age
- Leaf sinuses rounded, samaras at a 90 degree angle, twigs foul odor when scratched, bark scaly with narrow fissures- red orange tint between bark fissures
- Hybrid between A. rubrum and A. saccharinum – more tolerant than red maple to alkaline soils – many cultivars- Autumn Blaze most common
- Lateral buds smaller than terminal bud; flowers perfect, yellowish green, samaras at a 60 degree angle, buds remain green in winter; bark is scaly flaking to reveal orange brown inner bark.
- Medium size tree good for street tree use – beautiful display of golden yellow flowers (some with red centers) that can be seen from a distance – give way to inflated papery capsules which hold the seed – pale green turn brown in fall. Twigs somewhat zig zag – no terminal bud, leaf scar is shield-shaped.
- Use the buds for ID – no true terminal – lateral buds are long and conical. Alternate arrangement on stems – twigs zig zag. Sycamore twigs zigzag from bud to bud. The buds form underneath the petioles (leaf stems) during the growing season and don’t appear until the leaves fall off. Each bud is encased in a single scale and surrounded by the leaf scar.
- Hybrid of P. orientalis and P. occidentalis. Similar in appearance to American sycamore except more prominent bark – peels to reveal green bark beneath and fruit (aggregates) appear usually in pairs.
- Leaves are opposite – simple or compound. Flowers in cymes are bisexual./
- Leaves oppositely attached, cordate in shape, pubescent on lower side. Twigs may be pubescent, with large lenticels and long oval leaf scars with depressed centers and bundle scars in rings. Buds are tiny and brown at the top of leaf scars. Fruits are pods up to 20 inches long.
- Often called umbrella tree – pink/purple flowers. C. bignonioides ‘Nana’ often confused for C. bungei. It is a dwarf bushy form grafted on a standard to produce a mushroom or globe form. It rarely if ever flowers.
- Intergeneric hybrid between Chilopsis linearis (desert willow) and Catalpa bignonioides. Small, multi-trunked tree. Both in the same family – Bignoniaceae.
- Leaves are usually opposite, simple or pinnately compound. Flowers have two stamens which is unusual to woody plants of the U.S.
- Twigs are rounded, glossy, and gray-green to brown with a glaucous covering. Leaf scars are U-shaped with C-shaped arrangement of bundle scars. Buds are dark brown to black to somewhat rusty. Buds are within leaf scars. ‘Autumn Purple’ is a common cultivar.
- Twigs are rounded, sometimes very pubescent, and have vascular bundles that form closed C shapes in leaf scars that aren’t notched. Buds are reddish brown and set above scars of leaves. Buds are smaller than those of F. americana. Leaflets narrower than those of F. americana. Patmore predominantly male.
- Leaves opposite, but often whorls of 3 or 4 at ends of branches, pinnately compound, 7-9 narrow leaflets, each 4-6.5 cm long, clean-looking, dark green, good fall color (rich red-purple), but variable. More or less a male clone, hence very few seed produced.
- Leaves alternate, usually compound. Many have stipules that may be modified to thorns. Fruits are pods.
- Valued for their dappled shade. Twigs zig zag with glabrous swollen nodes – reddish to greenish brown, small buds in groups. Fruit pods, often twisted 7 to 8 inches. Short trunk with open spreading crown. Leaves pinnate or bipinnately compound.
- Leaves pinnately compound with up to 19 leaflets, 2 inches long. Thorns are short spines in young plants. Inflorescence raceme, very fragrant.
- Leaves huge, 3 feet long, 2 feet wide. Twigs greenish brown with large heart-shaped leaf scars – but tiny buds. Pods thick and leathery, 6 inches to 10 inches long.
- Leaves alternately arranged and simple. Veins are pinnate. Plants generally monoecious. Flowers are catkins. Fruits are nuts (acorns).
- Twigs yellowish brown and often corky after one year. Buds ¼ inch long, imbricate (scales overlapping), pubescent, and with stipule like appendages. Bark thick and deeply furrowed. Drought tolerant. Leaves almost 10 inches long.
- Oaks hold onto their leaves in winter when young. Nut narrow, elongated, 1/3 covered by cap. Leaves to 5 inches long.
- Leaves simple and alternate, palmately veined. Flowers in axillary clusters but may be reduced to a single flower.
- Valued for its strong central leader and uniform branching habit but narrow branch angles. Leaves 3 inches long.
- Twigs are zig-zag and glaucous, glabrous, and brown or greenish red. No terminal bud. Tear-drop shape lateral buds.
- Small tree or large shrub. Flowers perfect, fruit a dehiscent (bursting or splitting open at maturity) capsule. Leaves palmately veined.
- Leaves of most species alternately arranged. Flowers bisexual with flowers parts in 4’s or 5’s; 5 or more stamens which adds to ornamental appeal.
- Evergreen, fast prostrate growth to 8 inches high, 10 feet wide. Branches root along the ground. Flowers white with spreading petals (dammeri). Horizontalis is deciduous with attractive herringbone branch pattern. Leaves are small and roundish, flowers pink with upright petals. Plant is 2-3 feet tall and 15 feet wide. Fine bank cover or low traffic barrier.
- Buds gray and divergent; flower clusters in umbels (all the pedicels arise at the apex of the axis) 2 inches across. There are two types of Spirea – the bridal wreath type with clusters of white flowers cascading down arching branches in spring or early summer and the shrubby type with pink, red or white flowers clustered at branch ends in summer to fall.
- Flowers in corymbs – a racemose inflorescence in which the lower pedicels are longer than the upper so that the flowers lie as a dome or dish, and the outline is roundish or flattish. ‘Limemound’ is another cultivar.
- See slide for description
- Clusters of small flowers in small cymes (each axis ends in a flower, the oldest flowers in the center) top upper parts of stems. Dark Knight and Longwood Blue are popular cultivars.
- Leaves are alternate, simple or pinnately compound, sometimes evergreen on spiny twigs
- Twigs with thin spine single at a node, grooved and reddish brown. Buds are tiny and ovoid on short spurs. Flowers yellow – single or in umbels
- Simple leaves –opposite or alternate; flowers bisexual found in cymes or fascicles
- Leaves simple and opposite or alternate. Flowers are tiny, in a cyme. Arils aid seed dispersal by drawing attention to the seed. Buds diverge through wings, conical, imbricate.
- Ground cover or vining, leaf veins yellow. Buds tiny in lateral positions, larger and greenish in terminal.
- Flowers have bilateral symmetry.
- Leaves oppositely attached, deciduous – blooms on new growth, which is fast and rank. Flowers fragrant in spike like clusters. Cut back before spring growth begins.
- Simple leaves, oppositely arranged; flowers in cymes bisexual
- Upright shrub forming dense twiggy mass. Opposite leaf arrangement. Twigs greenish-brown, glabrous, with brown pith, buds flattened, appressed, glabrous, and with valvate lower scales.
- The Adoxaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species. They are characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe. They are thus similar to many Cornaceae.
- Leaves oppositely arranged; flowers in flat-topped cymes
- Branches and fascicles are opposite or whorled. Leaves are linear and needle like. Mostly evergreen. Male flowers are in herbaceous cones; female flowers are in woody cones with spirally arranged scales. Seeds are winged/
- Needles two per fascicle. To 5 inches, stiff and slightly curved. Thick and sharp, margins with tiny teeth. Twigs are rough, yellowish brown and ridged. Buds 1 inche resinous and sharply pointed. Cones are yellowish brown, ovoid to 3 inches, keeled, apex with prickle. Narrowly pyramidal in youth, then broad, low-branched, flat-topped. Bark furrows dark brown, ridges gray, white or grayish brown.
- Weakly pyramidal in youth, then high-branched, open, broad. Two needles per fascicle, stiff, twisted, 3 inches long. Sheaths ¼ inch. Twigs green first year, dull yellowish brown second year, prominent leaf scars, buds reddish brown, to ½ inch pointed scales lanceolate and fringed. Upper bark exfoliating in thin flakes (orange-brown), lower in fissured plates (grayish or reddish brown lower). Cones solitary or two to three together. Rounded apex to 3 inches dull grayish brown.
- Needles in 3’s or 2’s – persist for 3 years – 5 to 10 inches long, curved; point is sharp; stems have the odor of vanilla or turpentine when bruised. Cones in groups of three or five. To 6 inches long. Scales end with prickles. Three needles (sometimes 2) per fascicle, curved, tiny teeth on margin, 3 to 11 inches long. Persistent basal sheath. Bark flat scaly plates when old. Dark brown (young), golden brown (with age).
- Trees or shrubs – evergreen leaves – scale-like or awl-shaped needle- generally appressed to the branch. Cones like berries or woody.
- Intergeneric hybrid between Cupressus macrocarpa and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. Fast growing. Long slender upright branches with flattened gray green foliage sprays give youthful trees a nqrrow, pyramidal form. Produces small cones comprised of scales. May wind burn in winter.
- Tiny scale like leaves that are closely set on cordlike branches and bear interesting globular, golf ball size cones made up of sheild shaped scales. Needs little pruning.
- Four ranked opposite pairs of leaves. Dioecious. Fruit light blue glaucous cones. Upright tree and shrub types available. Can be sheared but better selectively pruned to inward facing buds to achieve a “hedged” appearance. Sheared plants subject to winter burn and dessication.
- Branchlets are flat and alternately arranged – occidentalis in “sprays”, orientalis in a vertical plane. Cones yellowish at first and brown when ripe – oblong.