This document discusses chronic health conditions in women and the role of the nursing workforce in addressing them. It outlines social, economic, behavioral, and other determinants of women's health. Common chronic conditions like heart disease, cancer, and obesity are mentioned. The document then describes the levels of nurses from registered nurses to advanced practice registered nurses. It provides details on nursing education, scope of practice, and the types of care nurses provide to women across settings. Statistics on advanced practice registered nurse programs and graduates in the US and Georgia are presented. The document concludes with recommendations to better adapt nursing education and workforce to address women's healthcare needs.

1. Addressing
Chronic Health Conditions in Women
by the Nursing Workforce
Lucy Marion, PhD, RN
Dean, College of Nursing
Georgia Regents University
soon to be
Augusta University

2. Determinants of Health in Women
• Social
• Economic
• Behavioral
• Environmental
• Aging
• Genetic
• Epigenetic

3. • Heart Disease
• Cancer- ovarian and breast malignancies
• Obesity
• Suffering
– Pain: perimenstrual, breast, fibromyalgia
– Bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction
– Fatigue
– Depression and anxiety
– Domestic violence
Chronic Health Conditions in Women

4. Nursing Workforce
• ANA Scope and Standards of Practice (2015):
Levels of nurses
– Registered Nurses: entry to nursing degrees
– Advanced Nurses: graduate degrees
– Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: advanced
practice graduate degrees
• Types of healthcare “consumers”
– Patients and families
– Groups, communities, populations

5. Nursing Scope and Practice
The nursing process for all nurses in all settings
– Assessment
– Diagnosis
– Outcomes identification (expected)
– Planning
– Implementation of the plan
• Care coordination
• Health teaching and health promotion
– Evaluation of patient outcomes

6. Basic Nursing Care for Women
• Nursing education to deliver basic care to all
patients and in all settings
• Nursing process for health promotion and disease
prevention, screening, illness care, rehabilitation
and facilitation of healing or dignified death
• Acute care: Labor and delivery, mental health,
adult and children’s medical-surgical, emergency,
and specialty units for women
• Community and primary care settings: schools,
workplaces, homes, churches, clinics

7. Advanced Nursing for Women
• Graduate Degrees: MSN, DNP, PhD
• Education
• Administration
• Research
• Agents of quality and safety
• Professional development
• Program development
• Policy development and advocacy

8. Advanced Practice
• Basic Nursing
• Advanced Nursing
PLUS
• Advanced Practice
– Expanded role, increasing access to primary and
acute care
– Emphasis on population health
– Can fulfill at least 85% of MD care with quality
– Shorter and less costly education than MDs

9. Types of APRNs
• CRNA
• CNS
• CNM
• CNP
– Acute and Gerontological Acute Care NP
– Family, women, children, geriatric nurse
practitioner
– Mental Health NP

10. National Overview of APRN’s
• Changes in annual number of APRN graduates:
from 2001 to 2011
– Nursing anesthesia: increased from 1,159 to 2,447
– Nurse midwifery: decreased from 422 to 392
– Nurse practitioner: increased from 7,261 to
12,273
• Nationally: 174, 826 NP’s licensed

11. AACN Georgia 2014 APRN Enrollments
3,593 studying to be APRN’s including
• 3,499 in Nurse Practitioner programs,
• 79 in Nursing Anesthesia programs,
• 11 in Clinical Nurse Specialist programs, and
• 4 in Nurse-Midwifery programs.

12. Georgia APRN Programs
• Albany State University - PC
• Armstrong Atlantic State University – PC, AC
• Brenau University - PC
• Chamberlain College of Nursing – PC
• Columbus State University - PC
• Emory University – PC, AC, NMW
• Clayton State University – PC
• Mercer University Georgia Baptist – PC
PC-Primary Care
AC-Acute Care
MH-Mental Health
NAP-Nursing Anesthesia
NMW-Nurse Midwifery

13. Georgia APRN Programs
• Georgia College and State University – PC, MH
• Georgia Regents University – PC, AC, MH, NAP
• Georgia Southern University – PC, MH
• Georgia Southwestern State University - PC
• Georgia State University – PC, AC, MH
• Kennesaw State University – PC
• University of North Georgia – PC
• Valdosta State University -PC, MH
• Others from distance programs

18. APRN Innovations in Women’s
Healthcare
• Integrated mental and physical healthcare for
women with major mental illness
• Reproductive healthcare for women with
physical disabilities (e.g., quadriplegia)
• Telehealth to rural areas for emergency and
specialty care (telestroke, teleheart)
• Network of small clinics in urban areas
• Partnership clinics in schools, factories, youth
centers, shopping malls and mega stores

19. Recommendations for WH Nursing
Workforce
• Adapt existing NP programs in Georgia to gain
more expertise in Women’s Health
• Create new WHNP and Nurse Midwifery
programs and consortia
• Increase faculty salaries to match market
• Provide strong incentives for rural WHNPs
• Scholarships, loan forgiveness, tax incentives
• Remove APRN practice barriers in Georgia
(IOM Recommendation One)

20. Thank You