This document provides information on women's health topics including violence against women, menopause, breast cancer, and reproductive health. It defines key terms, outlines objectives for a lecture, and discusses various health issues that affect women such as domestic violence, menopause symptoms, breast cancer signs and risks, and recommended health screenings. Health promotion strategies are also addressed such as family planning, nutrition, and preventing sexually transmitted infections.
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN WOMEN'S HEALTH,W
OMENS DISEASES,HOW TO MAKE WOMEN HEALTHY,WOMEN EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT,EMPLOYMENT,ENVIORMENT,STRATERGIES FOR IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH
Being a man or a woman has a significant impact on health, as a result of both biological and gender-related differences.
Some of the sociocultural factors that prevent women and girls to benefit from quality health services and attaining the best possible level of health include:
Unequal power relationships between men and women;
Social norms that decrease education and paid employment opportunities;
An exclusive focus on women’s reproductive roles; and
Potential or actual experience of physical, sexual and emotional violence.
While poverty is an important barrier to positive health outcomes for both men and women, poverty tends to yield a higher burden on women and girls’ health due to, for example, feeding practices (malnutrition) and use of unsafe cooking fuels (COPD).
Malnutrition
Nutrition plays a major role in and individual’s overall health, psychological and physical health status is often dramatically impacted by the presence of malnutrition.
India has one of the highest rates of malnourished women among developing countries.
Maternal malnutrition has been associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality and also child birth defects.
Lack of maternal health
The lack of maternal health contributes to the economic disparities of mothers and their children.
Poor maternal health not only affects a child’s health in adverse ways but also decreases a woman’s ability to participate in economic activities. Therefore, national health programs such as the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Family Welfare Program have been created to address the maternal health care needs of women across India.
India contributes to nearly 20 percent of all maternal deaths worldwide between 1992 and 2006.
For those states where there is higher literacy and growth rates tend to have greater maternal health and also lower infant mortality.
Suicide
Suicide is a major problem in India. The suicide rate in India is five times higher than that of the developed world. Furthermore, the rate of suicide has been found to be higher in women as compared to men in India.
The most common reasons for women's suicide is directly related to Depression.
Anxiety
Gender discrimination
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is a major issues in India. Domestic violence is defined as acts of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against women is found across the world and is currently viewed as a hidden epidemic by the World Health Organization.
As per reports of India National Family Health Survey III (2005-2006), 31 percent of all women reported having been the victims of physical violence in the last 12 months. The study found that the poorest women faired worst among middle and high-income women.
Women and men have many of the same health problems, but they can affect women differently.Some diseases or conditions are more common in women, such as osteoarthritis, obesity and depression. And some conditions, such as menopause and pregnancy, are unique to women.
Women sometimes neglect their own health and focus instead on their partner's and their children's.
Take care of yourself first:
-- Plan for pregnancies and see your healthcare provider regularly while you are pregnant
-- Have regular mammograms
-- Get regular checkups and screenings. Early detection is important for treating breast, cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer.
CURRENT CHALLENGES IN WOMEN'S HEALTH,W
OMENS DISEASES,HOW TO MAKE WOMEN HEALTHY,WOMEN EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT,EMPLOYMENT,ENVIORMENT,STRATERGIES FOR IMPROVING WOMEN'S HEALTH
Being a man or a woman has a significant impact on health, as a result of both biological and gender-related differences.
Some of the sociocultural factors that prevent women and girls to benefit from quality health services and attaining the best possible level of health include:
Unequal power relationships between men and women;
Social norms that decrease education and paid employment opportunities;
An exclusive focus on women’s reproductive roles; and
Potential or actual experience of physical, sexual and emotional violence.
While poverty is an important barrier to positive health outcomes for both men and women, poverty tends to yield a higher burden on women and girls’ health due to, for example, feeding practices (malnutrition) and use of unsafe cooking fuels (COPD).
Malnutrition
Nutrition plays a major role in and individual’s overall health, psychological and physical health status is often dramatically impacted by the presence of malnutrition.
India has one of the highest rates of malnourished women among developing countries.
Maternal malnutrition has been associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality and also child birth defects.
Lack of maternal health
The lack of maternal health contributes to the economic disparities of mothers and their children.
Poor maternal health not only affects a child’s health in adverse ways but also decreases a woman’s ability to participate in economic activities. Therefore, national health programs such as the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the Family Welfare Program have been created to address the maternal health care needs of women across India.
India contributes to nearly 20 percent of all maternal deaths worldwide between 1992 and 2006.
For those states where there is higher literacy and growth rates tend to have greater maternal health and also lower infant mortality.
Suicide
Suicide is a major problem in India. The suicide rate in India is five times higher than that of the developed world. Furthermore, the rate of suicide has been found to be higher in women as compared to men in India.
The most common reasons for women's suicide is directly related to Depression.
Anxiety
Gender discrimination
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is a major issues in India. Domestic violence is defined as acts of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against women is found across the world and is currently viewed as a hidden epidemic by the World Health Organization.
As per reports of India National Family Health Survey III (2005-2006), 31 percent of all women reported having been the victims of physical violence in the last 12 months. The study found that the poorest women faired worst among middle and high-income women.
Women and men have many of the same health problems, but they can affect women differently.Some diseases or conditions are more common in women, such as osteoarthritis, obesity and depression. And some conditions, such as menopause and pregnancy, are unique to women.
Women sometimes neglect their own health and focus instead on their partner's and their children's.
Take care of yourself first:
-- Plan for pregnancies and see your healthcare provider regularly while you are pregnant
-- Have regular mammograms
-- Get regular checkups and screenings. Early detection is important for treating breast, cervical, uterine and ovarian cancer.
https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jnhQnFIQuMOgJdMGDoZFhVo1e5ByfOzkG6mjduTq5pY&hl=en#; Look for the text in another presentation by same author, same title
It is important to take care of your health, and that starts with understanding your health risks and recommended screenings at each stage of your life. With the guidelines constantly changing and varying opinions, it can be tricky to keep track! Annual exams and testing can save your life whether you are 21 or 65.
Learn more about your risks and tests needed at each stage of your life to keep your health in check in one simple list.
Gynecological signs and symptoms that may require medical attention. Gynecology is a branch of medicine that specializes in the treatment of women - specifically, the treatment of diseases and problems.
https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1jnhQnFIQuMOgJdMGDoZFhVo1e5ByfOzkG6mjduTq5pY&hl=en#; Look for the text in another presentation by same author, same title
It is important to take care of your health, and that starts with understanding your health risks and recommended screenings at each stage of your life. With the guidelines constantly changing and varying opinions, it can be tricky to keep track! Annual exams and testing can save your life whether you are 21 or 65.
Learn more about your risks and tests needed at each stage of your life to keep your health in check in one simple list.
Gynecological signs and symptoms that may require medical attention. Gynecology is a branch of medicine that specializes in the treatment of women - specifically, the treatment of diseases and problems.
This fact file focuses on the harm that tobacco marketing and smoke do to women.
About 200 million of the world's one billion smokers are women. The tobacco industry aggressively targets women in order to increase its consumer base and to replace those consumers who quit or who die prematurely from cancer, heart attack, stroke, emphysema or other tobacco-related disease.
here has been tremendous progress in recent years, and the world is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goal of reversing the spread of TB by 2015. But this is not enough. In 2013, 9 million people fell ill with TB and 1.5 million died.
Clearly, we all need to do more.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
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Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
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QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
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How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdf
Women health presentation
1. Woman's health
(violence, menopause ,Brest Cancer,
and Reproductive health)
Physical examination and history taking.
Registered midwife Areej Faeq Abu-sharar
Major /Head of Midwifery Department at
Royall medical services Faculty of nursing
2.
3. The lecture objectives
At the end of this lecture the students will be:
Identify the meaning of women health .
Define the violence, causes, risk factors.
Define the menopause period, signs and symptoms and risk factors.
Define the breast cancer, signs and symptoms and risk factors.
Explain the nursing role(physical assessment) among these topics.
Explain health promotion strategies.
4. Women's health
refers to the health of women, which differs from that of men in
many unique ways. Women's health is an example of population
health, where health is defined by the World Health Organization
as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". Often treated as
simply women's reproductive health.
5. Woman's health Key facts
According to WHO
Worldwide, women live an average four years longer than men.
In 2011, women's life expectancy at birth was more than 80 years in 46
countries, but only 58 years in the WHO African Region.
Girls are far more likely than boys to suffer sexual abuse.
Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls in
high- and upper-middle-income countries.
Almost all (99%) of the approximate 287 000 maternal deaths every year occur in
developing countries.
Globally, cardiovascular disease, often thought to be a "male" problem, is the
number one killer of women.
Breast cancer is the leading cancer killer among women aged 20–59 years
worldwide.
6. Infancy and childhood (0-9 years)
Both death rates and the causes of death are similar for
boys and girls during infancy and childhood.
Prematurity, birth asphyxia and infections are the main
causes of death during the first month of life, which is the
time of life when the risk of death is the highest.
Pneumonia, prematurity, birth asphyxia and diarrhoea are
the main causes of death during the first five years of life.
Malnutrition is a major contributing factor in 45% of deaths
in children aged less than 5 years
7. Adolescent girls (10-19 years)
Mental health and injuries:
• Self-inflicted injuries, road traffic injuries and drowning are among the main
causes of death worldwide in adolescent girls.
• Depressive disorders and – in adolescents aged 15-19 years, schizophrenia –
are leading causes of ill health.
HIV/AIDS
• In 2011, about 820 000 women and men aged 15-24 were newly infected with
HIV in low- and middle-income countries; more than 60% of them were
women.
• Globally, adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) are twice as likely
to be at risk of HIV infection compared to boys and young men in the same
age group. This higher risk of HIV is associated with unsafe and often
unwanted and forced sexual activity.
8. Adolescent girls (10-19 years) /Adolescent
pregnancy
Early childbearing increases risks for both mothers and their new-borns.
progress has been made in reducing the birth rate among adolescents.
more than 15 million of the 135 million live births worldwide are among
girls aged 15-19 years.
Pregnant adolescents are more likely than adults to have unsafe
abortions.
An estimated three million unsafe abortions occur globally every year
among girls aged 15-19 years.
Unsafe abortions contribute substantially to lasting health problems
and maternal deaths.
Complications from pregnancy and childbirth are an important cause of
death among girls aged 15–19 in low- and middle-income countries.
9. Adolescent girls (10-19 years) Con,
Substance use
• Adolescent girls are increasingly using tobacco and alcohol, which risks compromising
their health, particularly in later life.
• In some places girls are using tobacco and alcohol nearly as much as boys
• in the WHO Region of the Americas, 23% of boys and 21% of girls aged 13-15 reported that
they used tobacco in the previous month.
Nutrition
• In 21 out of 41 countries with data, more than one third of girls aged 15-19 years
are anaemic.
• Anaemia, most commonly iron-deficiency anaemia, increases the risk of
haemorrhage and sepsis during childbirth.
• Anaema causes cognitive and physical deficits in young children and reduces
productivity in adults. Women and girls are most vulnerable to anaemia due to
insufficient iron in their diets, menstrual blood loss and periods of rapid growth
10. Maternal health
Maternal deaths are the second biggest killer of women of
reproductive age.
Every year, approximately 287 000 women die due to
complications in pregnancy and childbirth, 99% of them
are in developing countries.
Despite the increase in contraceptive use over the past 30
years, many women in all regions still do not have access
to modern contraceptive methods.
For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, one in four women
who wish to delay or stop childbearing does not use any
family planning method
11. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is often linked to HIV infection
and is among the five leading causes of
death, in low-income countries, among
women of reproductive age and among
adult women aged 20–59 years.
12. Injuries
Both self-inflicted injuries and road injuries figure
among the top 10 causes of death among adult
women (20-59 years) globally.
In the WHO South-East Asia Region, burns are
among the top 10 leading causes of death among
women aged 15–44.
Women suffer significantly more fire-related
injuries and deaths than men, due to cooking
accidents or as the result of intimate partner and
family violence.
13. Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is the second most common type
of cancer in women worldwide, with all cases
linked to a sexually transmitted genital infection
with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Due to poor access to screening and treatment
services, more than 90% of deaths occur in women
living in low- and middle- income countries.
14. Violence
Violence against women is widespread around the world.
Recent figures indicate that 35% of women worldwide have experienced
either intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their
lifetime.
On average, 30% of women who have been in a relationship experienced
some form of physical or sexual violence by their partner.
Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an
intimate partner.
Women who have been physically or sexually abused have higher rates of
mental ill-health, unintended pregnancies, abortions and miscarriages than
non-abused women.
15. Violence
Women exposed to partner violence are twice as likely to be depressed.
almost twice as likely to have alcohol use disorders, and 1.5 times more
likely to have HIV or another sexually transmitted infection.
42% of them have experienced injuries as a result.
Increasingly in many conflicts, sexual violence is also used as a tactic of
war.
16. Depression and suicide
Women are more susceptible to depression and anxiety than men.
Depression is the leading cause of disease burden for women in both high-income
and low- and middle-income countries.
Depression following childbirth, affects 20% of mothers in low- and lower-middle-
income countries, which is even higher than previous reports from high-income
countries.
Every year, an estimated 800 000 people die from suicide globally, the majority
being men.
However, there are exceptions, for instance in China where the suicide rate in rural
areas is higher among women than men.
Attempted suicide, which exceeds suicide by up to 20 times, is generally more
frequent among women than men and causes an unrecognized burden of disability.
At the same time, attempted suicide is an important risk factor for death from
suicide and shows the need for appropriate health services for this group.
17. Disabilities
Disability – which affects 15% of the world’s
population – is more common among women than
men.
Women with disabilities have poorer health
outcomes, lower education achievements, less
economic participation and higher rates of
poverty than women without disabilities.
Adult women with disabilities are at least 1.5
times more likely to be a victim of violence than
those without a disability.
18. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Tobacco use and the burning of solid fuels for
cooking are the primary risk factors for chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease – a life-threatening
lung disease – in women.
One third of all of the COPD deaths and disease
burden in women is caused by exposure to indoor
smoke from cooking with open fires or inefficient
stoves.
19. Older women (60 years and over)
Globally, men slightly outnumber women .
Women tend to live longer than men, they represent a higher
proportion
Older adults: 54% of people 60 years of age and older are women.
Proportion that rises to almost 60% at age 75 and older, and to
70% at age 90 and older.
20. No communicable diseases
No communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular
diseases and cancers, are the biggest causes of death
among older women. regardless of the level of economic
development of the country in which they live.
Cardiovascular diseases account for 46% of older women’s
deaths globally,
14% of deaths are caused by cancers – mainly cancers of
the lung, breast, colon and stomach.
Chronic respiratory conditions, mainly COPD, cause
another 9% of older women’s deaths.
Many of the health problems faced by women in older age
are the result of exposure to risk factors in adolescence
and adulthood, such as smoking, sedentary lifestyles and
unhealthy diets.
21. Disability
Other health problems experienced by older women that:
decrease physical and cognitive functioning include poor vision (including
cataracts), hearing loss, arthritis, depression and dementia.
In many countries women are less likely to receive treatment or supportive aids
than men.
Older women experience more disability than men, reflecting
broader determinants of health such as:
inequities in norms and policies that disadvantage women.
changing household structures.
higher rates of unpaid or informal sector work.
These factors combine to increase vulnerabilities, and reduce access to
needed and effective health services.
23. Domestic Violence, Causes, Risk factors
and Assessment
Domestic And Family Violence is an abuse of power ,mainly (but
not only) by men against women in a relationship or after
separation. It occurs when one partner attempts to physically
and/or psychologically dominate and control the other.
24. Type of Domestic Violence?
Physical abuse: Kicking, slapping, hitting, punching,
pushing, pulling, choking and property damage.
Emotional abuse: Jealously , anger, intimidation, controlling,
neglect, humiliation, threats, isolation and verbal abuse.
Social Abuse: Being stopped from meeting or seeing friends or
family, not allowed to leave the home.
Sexual abuse: Forcing sexual acts, rape and having sex
without wanting to.
Economic Abuse: Controlling access to money and other
resources, forced to live without money.
25.
26. Global Database on Violence against Women
in Jordan 2011
Prevalence Data on Different Forms of Violence against
Women:
Lifetime Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence
:24 %
Physical and/or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence : 14 %
Lifetime Non-Partner Sexual Violence :8 %
27.
28. Menopause Definition According to
International Menopause Society
Menopause (natural menopause) – the term natural
menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of
menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular
activity. Natural menopause is recognized to have occurred
after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea, for which there
is no other obvious pathological or physiological cause.
Menopause occurs with the final menstrual period (FMP)
which is known with certainty only in retrospect a year or
more after the event. [Source: WHO]
World Menopause Awareness Day – 18th October 2016
31. Brest Cancer
According to the latest issued statistics (2011 National Cancer Registry
Report):
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Jordan after heart
disease.
The total of new cancer cases registered in Jordan in 2011 was 6,971.
of them, 4,675 were Jordanian and 2,296 were non-Jordanian.
In 2011, the number of new cancer cases among Jordanians decreased
by 246 cases, compared to 4,921 cases in 2010.
The top three most common cancers among males in Jordan are: colo-
rectal (colon) cancer, lung cancer and U Bladder.
The top three most common cancers among females in Jordan are:
breast cancer, colo-rectal (colon) cancer and thyroid.
32. Definition of Breast Cancer, Signs and
Symptoms and Risk Factors
What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer starts when cells in the breast begin to grow out of control. These
cells usually form a tumor that can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump.
The tumor is malignant (cancerous) if the cells can grow into (invade)
surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. Breast
cancer occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too.
37. Health Promotion
Family Planning and Reproductive Life Plan
Weight Status
Physical Activity
Nutrient Intake
Folate
Substance or Alcohol use
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STDs)
Depression
38. Health screening
Screening test 18–39 Ages 40–49 Ages 50–64 Ages 65 and older
Bone mineral
density test
(osteoporosis
screening)
if she is at
risk of
osteoporosis.
Get this test
at least once
at age 65 or
older.
Breast cancer
screening
(mammogram)
One each two
years
One each two
years
Once every
years
Cervical
cancer
screening
(Pap test
one Time One each 5
years
One each two
ears
One every
years
39. Rferences
Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical
Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 2008.
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010.
Centers for Disease Control. Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other
neural tube defects. MMWR 1992;41(No. RR-14);001
www.who.int/entity/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/en/ - 42k
www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/ - 45k
https://www.google.jo/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#
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